The scale of human activity in the last few hundred years has increased immeasurably, which means that new anthropogenic factors have appeared. Examples of the impact, the place and role of humanity in changing the environment - all this later in the article.
life?
Part of the nature of the Earth in which organisms live is their habitat. The resulting relationships, lifestyle, productivity, number of creatures are studied by ecology. Allocate the main components of nature: soil, water and air. There are organisms that are adapted to living in one or three environments, such as coastal plants.
Separate elements interacting with living beings and among themselves are ecological factors. Each of them is irreplaceable. But in recent decades planetary significance acquire anthropogenic factors. Although not enough attention was paid to the influence of society on nature half a century ago, 150 years ago the science of ecology itself was in its infancy.
What are environmental factors?
All the diversity of society's impact on environment These are anthropogenic factors. Examples of negative influence:
- reduction of mineral reserves;
- deforestation;
- soil pollution;
- hunting and fishing;
- extermination of wild species.
The positive impact of man on the biosphere is associated with environmental protection measures. Reforestation and afforestation, landscaping and landscaping are underway settlements, acclimatization of animals (mammals, birds, fish).
What is being done to improve the relationship between man and the biosphere?
The above examples of anthropogenic environmental factors, human intervention in nature indicate that the impact can be positive and negative. These characteristics are conditional, because positive influence under changed conditions, it often becomes its opposite, that is, it acquires a negative connotation. The activities of the population often do harm to nature than good. This fact is explained by the violation of natural laws that have been in force for millions of years.
Back in 1971, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) approved the International Biological Program called "Man and the Biosphere". Its main task was to study and prevent adverse changes in the environment. AT last years adults and children environmental organizations, scientific institutions very concerned about the preservation biodiversity.
How to improve environmental health?
We found out what the anthropogenic factor is in ecology, biology, geography and other sciences. Note that welfare human society, the lives of present and future generations of people depend on the quality and degree of influence economic activity to the habitat. Need to reduce environmental risk associated with the ever-increasing negative role of anthropogenic factors.
According to the researchers, not even enough to ensure the health of the environment. It can be unfavorable for human life with its former biodiversity, but strong radiation, chemical and other types of pollution.
There is an obvious connection between health and the degree of influence of anthropogenic factors. To reduce them negative impact it is required to form a new attitude towards the environment, responsibility for the prosperous existence of wildlife and the conservation of biodiversity.
Anthropogenic factors - a set of environmental factors caused by accidental or intentional human activities during the period of its existence.
Types of anthropogenic factors:
· physical - the use of atomic energy, movement in trains and planes, the impact of noise and vibration, etc.;
· chemical - the use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides, pollution of the Earth's shells by industrial and transport waste; smoking, alcohol and drug use, excessive use medicines;
· social - associated with human relations and life in society.
In recent decades, the impact of anthropogenic factors has increased dramatically, which has led to the emergence of global environmental problems: the greenhouse effect, acid rain, destruction of forests and desertification of territories, environmental pollution harmful substances, reducing the biological diversity of the planet.
Human habitat. Anthropogenic factors affect the human environment. Since he is a biosocial being, they distinguish natural and social environment a habitat.
natural habitat gives a person health and material for labor activity, is in close interaction with him: a person constantly changes natural environment in the course of its activities; the transformed natural environment, in turn, affects a person.
A person communicates with other people all the time, entering into relationships with them. interpersonal relationships, which determines social habitat . Communication can be favorable(promoting personal development) and unfavorable(leading to psychological overload and breakdowns, to the acquisition of addictions - alcoholism, drug addiction, etc.).
abiotic environment(environmental factors) - is a set of conditions inorganic environment that affect the body. (Light, temperature, wind, air, pressure, humidity, etc.)
For example: accumulation in the soil of toxic and chemical elements, drying up of water bodies during a drought, an increase in the duration daylight hours, intense ultraviolet radiation.
ABIOTIC FACTORS, various factors not related to living organisms.
Light - the most important abiotic factor with which all life on Earth is connected. In the spectrum sunlight allocate three biologically unequal areas; ultraviolet, visible and infrared.
All plants in relation to light can be divided into the following groups:
■ photophilous plants - heliophytes(from the Greek "helios" - the sun and fiton - a plant);
■ shade plants - sciophytes(from the Greek "scia" - a shadow, and "phyton" - a plant);
■ shade-tolerant plants - facultative heliophytes.
Temperature on the earth's surface depends on geographical latitude and altitude above sea level. In addition, it changes with the seasons of the year. In this regard, animals and plants have various adaptations to temperature conditions. In most organisms, vital processes proceed within the range from -4°С to +40…45°С
The most perfect thermoregulation appeared only in higher vertebrates - birds and mammals, providing them with a wide settlement in all climatic zones. They received the name of homoiothermal (Greek h o m o y o s - equal) organisms.
7. The concept of a population. Structure, system, characteristics and dynamics of populations. population homeostasis.
9. The concept of an ecological niche. Law of competitive exclusion G. F. Gause.
ecological niche- this is the totality of all connections of the species with the habitat, which ensure the existence and reproduction of individuals of this species in nature.
The term ecological niche was proposed in 1917 by J. Grinnell to characterize spatial distribution intraspecific ecological groupings.
Initially, the concept of an ecological niche was close to the concept of a habitat. But in 1927, Ch. Elton determined ecological niche as the position of the species in the community, emphasizing the particular importance of trophic relationships. Domestic ecologist G.F. Gause expanded this definition: an ecological niche is the place of a species in an ecosystem.
In 1984, S. Spurr and B. Barnes identified three components of a niche: spatial (where), temporal (when) and functional (how). This concept of a niche emphasizes the importance of both the spatial and temporal components of the niche, including its seasonal and diurnal changes, taking into account circadian and circadian biorhythms.
A figurative definition of an ecological niche is often used: a habitat is the address of a species, and an ecological niche is its profession (Yu. Odum).
The principle of competitive exclusion; (=Gause's Theorem; =Gause's Law)
Gause's exclusion principle - in ecology - the law according to which two species cannot exist in the same locality if they occupy the same ecological niche.
In connection with this principle, when the possibilities of space-time separation are limited, one of the species develops a new ecological niche or disappears.
The principle of competitive exclusion contains two general provisions related to sympatric species:
1) if two species occupy the same ecological niche, then almost certainly one of them outperforms the other in this niche and eventually will displace the less adapted species. Or, in more short form, "coexistence between complete competitors is impossible" (Hardin, 1960*). The second proposition follows from the first;
2) if two species coexist in a state of stable equilibrium, then they must be ecologically differentiated so that they can occupy different niches. ,
The principle of competitive exclusion can be treated in different ways: as an axiom and as an empirical generalization. If we consider it as an axiom, then it is logical, consistent and turns out to be very heuristic. If we consider it as an empirical generalization, it is valid within wide limits, but is not universal.
Add-ons
Interspecific competition can be observed in mixed laboratory populations or in natural communities. To do this, it is enough to artificially remove one species and see if there are any changes in the abundance of another sympatric species with similar environmental needs. If the number of this other species increases after the removal of the first species, then we can conclude that it was previously suppressed under the influence of interspecific competition.
This result was obtained in mixed laboratory populations of Paramecium aurelia and P. caudatum (Gause, 1934*) and in natural littoral communities of barnacles (Chthamalus and Balanus) (Connell, 1961*), as well as in a number of relatively recent studies, for example, on saccular jumpers and lungless salamanders (Lemen and Freeman, 1983; Hairston, 1983*).
Interspecies competition manifests itself in two broad aspects, which can be called consumption competition and interference competition. The first aspect is passive use different types the same resource.
For example, between various types shrubs in a desert community, passive or non-aggressive competition for limited soil moisture resources is highly likely. Species of Geospiza and other ground finches on Galapagos Islands compete for food, and this competition is important factor, which determines their ecological and geographical distribution on several islands (Lack, 1947; B. R. Grant, P. R. Grant, 1982; P. R. Grant, 1986*).
The second aspect, often overlapping with the first, is the direct suppression of one species by another competing species.
The leaves of some plant species produce substances that enter the soil and inhibit the germination and growth of neighboring plants (Muller, 1966; 1970; Whittaker and Feeny, 1971*). In animals, the suppression of one species by another can be achieved by aggressive behavior or a claim of superiority based on threats of attack. In the Mojave Desert (California and Nevada), native bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) and feral donkey (Equus asinus) compete for water and food. In direct confrontations, donkeys dominate sheep: when donkeys approach water sources occupied by sheep, the latter give way to them, and sometimes even leave the area (Laycock, 1974; see also Monson and Summer, 1980*).
Exploitative competition has received much attention in theoretical ecology, but as Hurston (1983*) points out, interference competition is probably more favorable for any given species.
10. Food chains, food webs, trophic levels. ecological pyramids.
11. The concept of an ecosystem. Cyclic and directed changes in ecosystems. Structure and biological productivity of ecosystems.
12. Agroecosystems and their features. Stability and instability of ecosystems.
13. Ecosystems and biogeocenoses. Theory of biogeocenology VN Sukacheva.
14. Dynamics and problems of ecosystem stability. Ecological succession: classification and types.
15. Biosphere as the highest level of organization of living systems. The boundaries of the biosphere.
Biosphere-organized, defined shell earth's crust associated with life." The basis of the concept of the biosphere is the idea of living matter. More than 90% of all living matter is found in terrestrial vegetation.
The main source of biochemical The activities of organisms solar energy used in photosynthesis is green. Plants and some microorganisms. To create an organic a substance that provides food and energy to other organisms. Photosynthesis led to the accumulation of free oxygen in the atmosphere, the formation of an ozone layer that protects against ultraviolet and cosmic radiation. It supports modern gas composition atmosphere. Living organisms and their habitat form integral systems-biogeocenoses.
by the most high level organization of life on planet Earth is the biosphere. This term was introduced in 1875. It was first used by the Austrian geologist E. Suess. However, the doctrine of the biosphere as a biological system appeared in the 20s of this century, its author is the Soviet scientist V.I. Vernadsky. The biosphere is that shell of the Earth in which living organisms existed and still exist, and in the formation of which they played and play the main role. The biosphere has its own boundaries, determined by the spread of life. V.I. Vernadsky distinguished three spheres of life in the biosphere:
The atmosphere is the gaseous shell of the Earth. It is not all inhabited by life, its spread is prevented by ultraviolet radiation. The boundary of the biosphere in the atmosphere is at an altitude of approximately 25-27 km, where ozone layer absorbing about 99% ultraviolet rays. The most populated is the surface layer of the atmosphere (1-1.5 km, and in the mountains up to 6 km above sea level).
The lithosphere is hard shell Earth. It is also not completely inhabited by living organisms. Distribution
The existence of life here is limited by temperature, which gradually increases with depth and, upon reaching 100 ° C, causes the transition of water from liquid to gaseous state. Max Depth, on which living organisms were found in the lithosphere, is 4 - 4.5 km. This is the boundary of the biosphere in the lithosphere.
3. The hydrosphere is the liquid shell of the Earth. She is full of life. Vernadsky drew the boundary of the biosphere in the hydrosphere below ocean floor, because the bottom is a product of the vital activity of living organisms.
The biosphere is a giant biological system, which includes a huge variety of constituent components, which are extremely difficult to characterize separately. Vernadsky proposed to unite everything that is part of the biosphere into groups depending on the nature of the origin of the substance. He singled out seven groups of matter: 1) living matter is the totality of all producers, consumers and decomposers inhabiting the biosphere; 2) inert matter is a set of substances in the formation of which living organisms did not participate, this substance was formed before the appearance of life on Earth (mountainous, rocky rocks, volcanic eruptions); 3) biogenic substance is a set of substances that are formed by organisms themselves or are products of their vital activity ( coal, oil, limestone, peat and other minerals); 4) bioinert substance is a substance that is a system of dynamic balance between living and inert matter (soil, weathering crust); 5) a radioactive substance is a collection of all isotopic elements that are in a state radioactive decay; 6) the substance of scattered atoms is the totality of all elements that are in the atomic state and are not part of any other substance; 7) cosmic matter is a set of substances that enter the biosphere from space and have cosmic origin(meteorites, cosmic dust).
Vernadsky believed that living matter plays the main transforming role in the biosphere.
16. The role of man in the evolution of the biosphere. The impact of human activity on modern processes in the biosphere.
17. Living matter biosphere according to V.I. Vernadsky, its characteristics. The concept of the noosphere according to V. I. Vernadsky.
18. The concept, causes and main trends of the current environmental crisis.
19. Reduction genetic diversity loss of the gene pool. Population growth and urbanization.
20. Classification of natural resources. Exhaustible and inexhaustible natural resources.
Natural resources there are: --- exhaustible - are divided into non-renewable, relatively renewable (soil, forests), renewable (animals). --- inexhaustible - air, solar energy, water, soil
21. Sources and extent of air pollution. Acid precipitation.
22. Energetic resources peace. Alternative sources energy.
23. Greenhouse effect. The state of the ozone layer.
24. a brief description of the carbon cycle. Cycle stagnation.
25. Nitrogen cycle. Nitrogen fixers. A brief description of.
26. The water cycle in nature. A brief description of.
27. Determination of the biogeochemical cycle. List of main cycles.
28. Energy flow and cycles nutrients in an ecosystem (diagram).
29. List of the main soil-forming factors (according to Dokuchaev).
30. "Ecological succession". "Climax Community". Definitions. Examples.
31. Basic principles of the natural structure of the biosphere.
32. International "Red Book". Types of natural areas.
33. Main climatic zones the globe (short list according to G. Walter).
34. Pollution of ocean waters: scale, composition of pollutants, consequences.
35. Deforestation: scale, consequences.
36. The principle of dividing human ecology into the ecology of man as an organism and social ecology. Human ecology as autecology of the organism.
37. biological pollution environment. MPC.
38. Classification of pollutants discharged into water bodies.
39. Environmental factors, disease-causing digestive organs, circulatory organs, capable of causing malignant neoplasms.
40. Rationing: concept, types, MPC. "Smog": concept, reasons for its formation, harm.
41. Population explosion and its danger to state of the art biosphere. Urbanization and its negative consequences.
42. Concept " sustainable development". Prospects for the concept of "sustainable development" for the "golden billion" of the population of economically developed countries.
43. Reserves: functions and values. Types of reserves and their number in the Russian Federation, USA, Germany, Canada.
Anthropogenic factors environments introduced into nature human activity changes affecting organic world(see Ecology).
By remaking nature and adapting it to his needs, man changes the habitat of animals and plants, thereby influencing their life. The impact can be indirect and direct. Indirect impact is carried out by changing landscapes - climate, physical condition and the chemistry of the atmosphere and water bodies, the structure of the earth's surface, soils, vegetation and animal populations. Great importance acquires an increase in radioactivity as a result of the development of the nuclear industry and especially the testing of atomic weapons. A person consciously and unconsciously exterminates or displaces some types of plants and animals, spreads others or creates for them favorable conditions. For cultivated plants and pets man created to a large extent new environment, multiplying the productivity of developed lands. But this ruled out the possibility of the existence of many wild species. The increase in the population of the Earth and the development of science and technology have led to the fact that in modern conditions it is very difficult to find areas not affected by human activity (virgin forests, meadows, steppes, etc.). Improper plowing of land and excessive grazing not only led to the death of natural communities, but also increased water and wind erosion of soils and shallowing of rivers. At the same time, the emergence of villages and cities created favorable conditions for the existence of many species of animals and plants (see Synanthropic organisms). The development of industry did not necessarily lead to the impoverishment of wildlife, but often contributed to the emergence of new forms of animals and plants. The development of transport and other means of communication contributed to the spread of both useful and many harmful plant and animal species (see Anthropochory).
Direct impact is directed directly at living organisms. For example, unsustainable fishing and hunting have drastically reduced the number of species. The growing strength and the accelerating pace of human change in nature necessitate its protection (see Nature Conservation). Purposeful, conscious transformation of nature by man with penetration into the microworld and space marks, according to V. I. Vernadsky (1944), the formation of the "noosphere" - the shell of the Earth, changed by man. Lit.: Vernadsky V.I., Biosphere, vol. 1-2, L., 1926; his, Biogeochemical essays (1922-1932), M.-L., 1940; Naumov N. P., Animal Ecology, 2nd ed., M., 1963; Dubinin N. P., Evolution of populations and radiation, M., 1966; Blagosklonov K. N., Inozemtsov A. A., Tikhomirov V. N., Nature Protection, M., 1967.
Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .
See what "Anthropogenic factors" are in other dictionaries:
Factors that owe their origin to human activity. Ecological encyclopedic Dictionary. Chisinau: Main edition of the Moldavian Soviet encyclopedia. I.I. Grandpa. 1989. Anthropogenic factors factors that owe their origin ... ... Ecological dictionary
The totality of environmental factors caused by accidental or intentional human activities during the period of its existence. Types of anthropogenic factors Physical use nuclear energy, travel in trains and planes, ... ... Wikipedia
Anthropogenic factors- * anthrapogenic factors * anthropogenic factors driving forces processes occurring in nature, which by their origin are associated with human activities and the impact on the environment. The summed action of A. f. embodied in... Genetics. encyclopedic Dictionary
Forms of activity of human society that lead to a change in nature as the habitat of man himself and other species of living beings or directly affect their lives. (Source: "Microbiology: glossary of terms", Firsov N.N. ... Dictionary of microbiology
The result of human impact on the environment in the process of economic and other activities. Anthropogenic factors can be divided into 3 groups: having a direct impact on the environment as a result of a sudden onset, ... ... Biological encyclopedic dictionary
ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS- factors caused by human activity ... Glossary of botanical terms
ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS- environments, factors caused by households. human activities and affecting the incoming environment. Their impact can be direct, for example. deterioration of the structure and depletion of soils due to repeated cultivation, or indirectly, for example. terrain changes, ... ... Agricultural Encyclopedic Dictionary
Anthropogenic factors- (gr. - factors arising through the fault of a person) - these are the causes and conditions created (or arising) as a result of human activities that provide Negative influence on the environment and human health. So, the products of some industrial ... ... Fundamentals of spiritual culture (encyclopedic dictionary of a teacher)
anthropogenic factors- Environment, factors caused by human economic activity and affecting the natural environment. Their impact can be direct, for example, deterioration of the structure and depletion of soils due to repeated processing, or indirect, for example, ... ... Agriculture. Big encyclopedic dictionary
Anthropogenic factors- a group of factors due to the influence of man and his economic activity on plants, animals and others natural ingredients … Theoretical aspects and basics environmental problem: interpreter of words and idiomatic expressions
Books
- Forest soils of European Russia. Biotic and anthropogenic factors of formation, M. V. Bobrovsky. The monograph presents the results of an analysis of an extensive actual material on the structure of soils in forest areas European Russia from the forest-steppe to the northern taiga. Considered features...
News and Society
Anthropogenic factors: examples. What is the anthropogenic factor?
November 10, 2014The scale of human activity in the last few hundred years has increased immeasurably, which means that new anthropogenic factors have appeared. Examples of the impact, the place and role of humanity in changing the environment - all this later in the article.
What is a living environment?
Part of the nature of the Earth in which organisms live is their habitat. The resulting relationships, lifestyle, productivity, number of creatures are studied by ecology. Allocate the main components of nature: soil, water and air. There are organisms that are adapted to living in one or three environments, such as coastal plants.
Separate elements interacting with living beings and among themselves are ecological factors. Each of them is irreplaceable. But in recent decades, anthropogenic factors have acquired planetary significance. Although not enough attention was paid to the influence of society on nature half a century ago, 150 years ago the science of ecology itself was in its infancy.
What are environmental factors?
The conditions of the natural environment can be very diverse: space, information, energy, chemical, climatic. Any natural component of a physical, chemical or biological origin— environmental factors. They directly or indirectly affect a separate biological individual, population, the entire biocenosis. There are no less phenomena associated with human activity, for example, the anxiety factor. On the vital activity of organisms, the state of biocenoses and geographical envelope influenced by many anthropogenic factors. Examples:
- increase greenhouse gases in the atmosphere leads to climate change;
- monoculture in agriculture causes outbreaks of individual pests;
- fires lead to a change in the plant community;
- deforestation and the construction of hydroelectric power stations change the regime of rivers.
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What are environmental factors?
Conditions affecting living organisms and their habitats can be classified into one of three groups according to their properties:
- inorganic, or abiotic factors (solar radiation, air, temperature, water, wind, salinity);
- biotic conditions that are associated with the cohabitation of microorganisms, animals, plants that affect each other, inanimate nature;
- anthropogenic environmental factors - the cumulative impact of the Earth's population on nature.
All of these groups are important. Every environmental factor is irreplaceable. For example, an abundance of water does not make up for the amount of plants needed for nutrition. mineral elements and light.
What is the anthropogenic factor?
The main sciences that study the environment are - global ecology, human ecology and nature conservation. They are based on the data of theoretical ecology, widely use the concept of "anthropogenic factors". Anthropos in Greek means "man", genos is translated as "origin". The word "factor" comes from the Latin factor ("doing, producing"). This is the name of the conditions that affect the processes, their driving force.
Any human impact on living organisms, the entire environment are anthropogenic factors. There are both positive and negative examples. There are cases of favorable changes in nature in connection with conservation activities. But more often society has a negative, sometimes destructive effect on the biosphere.
The place and role of the anthropogenic factor in changing the face of the Earth
Any type of economic activity of the population affects the relationship between living organisms and natural environment habitation, often leads to their violation. On site natural complexes and landscapes arise anthropogenic:
- fields, orchards and orchards;
- reservoirs, ponds, canals;
- parks, forest belts;
- cultural pastures.
The similarities of natural complexes created by man are further influenced by anthropogenic, biotic and abiotic factors of the environment. Examples: the formation of deserts - on agricultural plantations; overgrowing of ponds.
How does man influence nature?
Mankind is part of the Earth's biosphere long period totally dependent on others natural conditions. As the nervous system, in particular the brain, thanks to the improvement of the tools of labor, man himself has become a factor in evolutionary and other processes on Earth. First of all, it is necessary to mention the mastery of mechanical, electrical and atomic energy. As a result, there has been a significant change top part crust, increased biogenic migration of atoms.
All the diversity of society's impact on the environment is anthropogenic factors. Examples of negative influence:
- reduction of mineral reserves;
- deforestation;
- soil pollution;
- hunting and fishing;
- extermination of wild species.
The positive impact of man on the biosphere is associated with environmental protection measures. Reforestation and afforestation, landscaping and improvement of settlements, acclimatization of animals (mammals, birds, fish) are underway.
What is being done to improve the relationship between man and the biosphere?
The above examples of anthropogenic environmental factors, human intervention in nature indicate that the impact can be positive and negative. These characteristics are conditional, because a positive influence under changed conditions often becomes its opposite, i.e., acquires a negative connotation. The activities of the population often do harm to nature than good. This fact is explained by the violation of natural laws that have been in force for millions of years.
Back in 1971, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) approved the International Biological Program called "Man and the Biosphere". Its main task was to study and prevent adverse changes in the environment. In recent years, adult and children's environmental organizations, scientific institutions are very concerned about the conservation of biological diversity.
How to improve environmental health?
We found out what the anthropogenic factor is in ecology, biology, geography and other sciences. It should be noted that the well-being of human society, the life of present and future generations of people depend on the quality and degree of influence of economic activity on the environment. It is necessary to reduce the environmental risk associated with the ever-increasing negative role of anthropogenic factors.
According to the researchers, even the conservation of biological diversity is not enough to ensure the health of the environment. It can be unfavorable for human life with its former biodiversity, but strong radiation, chemical and other types of pollution.
There is an obvious connection between the health of nature, man and the degree of influence of anthropogenic factors. To reduce their negative impact, it is necessary to form a new attitude towards the environment, responsibility for the prosperous existence of wildlife and the conservation of biodiversity.
The currently most significant group of factors that intensively change the environment is directly related to the versatile human activity.
Human development on the planet has always been associated with environmental impact, but today this process has accelerated significantly.
Anthropogenic factors include any impact (both direct and indirect) of a person on the environment - organisms, biogeocenoses, landscapes,.
By reshaping nature and adapting it to his needs, man changes the habitat of animals and plants, thereby influencing their life. The impact can be direct, indirect and accidental.
Direct impact directed directly at living organisms. For example, unsustainable fishing and hunting have drastically reduced the number of species. The growing strength and accelerated pace of human change in nature necessitate its protection.
Indirect Impact is carried out by changing landscapes, climate, physical condition and chemistry of the atmosphere and water bodies, the structure of the earth's surface, soil, vegetation and wildlife. A person consciously and unconsciously exterminates or displaces some species of plants and animals, spreads others or creates favorable conditions for them. For cultivated plants and domestic animals, man has created a largely new environment, multiplying the productivity of developed lands. But this ruled out the possibility of the existence of many wild species.
In fairness, it should be said that many species of animals and plants disappeared from the face of the Earth even without human intervention. Each species, like individual organism, has its youth, flourishing, old age and death - natural process. But in nature, this happens slowly, and usually leaving species have time to be replaced by new ones, more adapted to living conditions. Man, on the other hand, accelerated the process of extinction to such a pace that evolution gave way to revolutionary, irreversible transformations.
