Our whole life consists of daily interaction with large quantity people: with parents, relatives, teachers, friends and comrades, with people in transport and in any other public places.
In this daily cycle of affairs, problems and worries, good manners and politeness are not at all superfluous elements. The fact is that having good manners is a sign of a successful and self-confident person.
Successful people are polite and courteous in every situation.
If it so happens that you do not know what good manners are, if you do not know what it is to be polite, then this may be a cause for your personal concern, and a cause for concern for your parents. Because, without observing at least the basic rules of etiquette very difficult to find and maintain contacts, adapt to new teams, achieve social success, make new friends, earn recognition and respect, achieve your goals, etc.
In fact, the rules good manners not so difficult, it is not at all necessary to memorize an encyclopedia of good manners. It is enough to understand once and for all that good manners are made for, to:
- people lived and interacted with society on the basis of good neighborhood;
- respect the interests and culture of others;
- did not cause any inconvenience or unnecessary trouble to anyone.
Good manners include:
- Dignified behavior, both at home and outside it;
- Politeness, tact, delicacy, goodwill towards all members of society, regardless of their age, social position, status, religion, etc.;
- Respect for the rules set in other homes, public places, countries;
- The appearance of a person, his image and style, the relevance of this image in a given situation;
- The culture of speech, the ability to competently express one's thoughts, convey emotions;
- The ability to control and manage your emotions, not to give them free rein in an inappropriate situation;
- Compassion. The ability to help those who need it.
Do you need good manners?
The answer “no, you don’t need it” will be appropriate only if you intend to live the rest of your life in complete solitude.
If, however, your plans do not include life in the forest, in the mountains or in the desert, then you cannot do without good manners and rules of etiquette - only by possessing them, a person can successfully exist and interact with society.
What is good manners? This is, first of all, internal culture a person who is born and develops, based on the rules of conduct in the family. If it is not customary in your family to thank each other, compliment each other, help, give in, negotiate, then this most likely means that your parents will never be able to raise and educate a worthy member of society - polite, honest and fair , responsible and reliable, benevolent and delicate, sociable and successful in favorite things.
But, if you have already learned the lessons of interaction with society and with all its varieties, if you have made a decision for yourself that good manners are your choice, then it is not at all difficult to accept them and introduce them into your life.
A well-bred person, a person with good manners, is noticeably different from the rest in that he is polite and tactful in any situation.
Almost anyone can cultivate these qualities in themselves and bring them to automatism. Should start with constant control of your emotions and accompanying thoughts. Perhaps, at first, it may seem to you that this is impossible.
However, learning to control your thoughts and your emotions is necessary, because your further actions and deeds are directly dependent on emotions that you are experiencing and on what thoughts “spin” in your head at the time of experiencing certain emotions.
For example, if you are accidentally hit or pushed into public transport during rush hour, you need to try very hard and not let those who overwhelm you at this moment negative emotions escalated into actions unacceptable in public place.
Self-control is far from the only quality of a well-mannered person. Just like simple knowledge of the rules of etiquette does not make a person well-mannered and cultured. If you work on yourself, if you strive to become better, then you should understand that by instilling good manners in yourself, you must acquire such character traits that will help you radically change the perception of the world around you.
What does it mean? It means that you are on the right track. So, for example, if in that same transport, at that very rush hour, you didn’t bring down an avalanche of curses and curses on the person who pushed you, but caught yourself thinking that this event didn’t even make you angry and upset, then your perception of the world is changing for the better, positive side.
In order for good manners to gain a foothold in your life, you need to learn all the events that take place in your life. be calm and reasonable, which means that you will have to change your behavior. This skill will allow you to avoid decisions made thoughtlessly and hastily, save you from rash actions and deeds.
The easiest way to start changing your personality is to allow yourself to make good deeds. Learn to understand what you can be useful to loved ones and start helping as much as you can. Remember that this is how the foundation of attentiveness and goodwill is formed - the qualities inherent in educated people.
Think about it what actions or deeds, as a rule, do not please anyone. What irritates people Everyday life? Too much noisy neighbors? Cursing coming from the street? Licking hands and plates after eating? Write down on paper everything that can spoil the lives of other people. If there is something on this list that is characteristic of you personally, then this only means that you have something to do in terms of self-improvement.
It won't be redundant at all. observe people who have good manners and knowing the rules good tone. Observe and try to copy and adopt some of the features inherent in them. Perhaps it is this technique that will allow you to complete work on yourself faster. Although the work related to self-improvement cannot be completed, because, as you know, perfection has no limits.
Needless to say, when working on improving your own behavior and changing traits and properties of character, you should read as many books as possible. Books teach a lot. Maybe yours the best teacher and some very good book will become an educator.
When two men and one woman entered the meeting room, they immediately aroused undisguised admiration from all those present. We were attracted not only by impeccable costumes and perfect posture, but also by friendly smiles, and at the end of the negotiations, also by impeccable manners.
As a result, the contract was signed, and when choosing partners for projects from the existing list, everyone wanted to turn to the “new guys”.
You will think nonsense, and I will ask you to remember your last trip to a restaurant, the last deal, or remembering someone you admire... Would you leave a good tip for careless service? Would you have a deal if you or your partner violated the rules of business etiquette? Would you like a person if he was tactless, rude and careless as in relation to his appearance and in relation to others? I think “no” is the answer to all these questions.
That is why knowledge of business etiquette and good manners is so relevant today. A good friend of mine who opened his own company told me: “At first you think that good manners are not important, but when you develop your business, you realize that knowledge of business etiquette and the ability to communicate is sometimes yours the only advantage over the main competitors.
On my Instagram page @lilia_etiquette), I share the rules of good manners that will help in different life situations.
For example, the most banal, but the most common theme is the theme of greetings. She immediately makes it clear who is who. As soon as the door opens, you see how the person looks, you hear his voice, speech. You immediately read the level of professionalism of this person, and you instantly form an opinion about this person as a specialist.
What you need to know about the "proper" greeting? In business interaction, status comes first, then age, and only then gender. And then the question gender differences it is rather important in our country, in Russia, and in Europe it is shifted to a distant, indefinite place in importance.
So, if you are the head of a department, you are 60 years old and your general manager, who is 40 years old, enters the office, then international standards business etiquette, you are the first to greet CEO. Because status comes first.
In relation to the handshake, things change a bit, but the status-age-gender hierarchy remains. Works here next rule- the elder in status and age extends her hand to the younger in status and age, the lady extends her hand to the gentleman in the absence of other subordinate situations. An employee cannot be the first to give a hand to a leader, and a man in secular communication does not extend his hand to a woman first.
These and other rules of conduct in society can open many doors on your life path. After all, nothing speaks so much about the cultural level and upbringing of a person as his manner of behavior. You may not be an aristocrat or a successful businessman who has reached all the heights, but you can feel free and relaxed in their society and not be afraid to make a mistake.
With good manners, everything is simple and easy!
Option 31. Assignments for the USE 2018. Russian language. I.P. Tsybulko. 36 options
Read the text and complete tasks 1 - 3
(1) We owe the appearance of a thermos not only fundamental science physics, despite the fact that scientists have done a lot for this: A.F. Weinhold invented in 1881 a glass box with double walled, between which he pumped out air, and J. Dewar in 1892 turned this glass container into a flask with a narrow neck. (2) It was brilliant with scientific point of view, an invention, but impractical, which was understood by the Berlin glassware manufacturer R. Burger, who in 1903 improved the Dewar vessel by adding a metal case, a cork and a glass lid to it. (3) Having received a patent, the enterprising industrialist Burger founded the company of the same name for the production of thermoses, and since March 1904 trademark"Termos" began to be used for commercial purposes.
1. Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) We owe the appearance of the thermos first of all German physicist A.F. Weinhold, who created in late XIX centuries heat-insulating glass container with air pumped out between the walls.
2) The mechanism of the thermos was invented by A.F. Weinhold, who invented a glass box with double walls, J. Dewar turned this container into a flask with a narrow neck, and R. Burger improved the vessel by adding a metal case, a cork and a glass lid to it , and began to sell its floor under the Thermos trademark.
3) We owe the appearance of the thermos not only to physicists, but also to industrialists: the first Dewar vessels for commercial use were produced by the founder of the Thermos company, R. Burger, who improved the invention of A. F. Weinhold and J. Dewar.
4) The thermos became popular thanks to R. Burger, who turned a heat-insulating glass box into a flask with a narrow neck, thereby improving an impractical, albeit scientifically brilliant, invention.
5) The Dewar vessel, commonly called a thermos, is designed for thermal insulation, long-term storage, transportation and further use of the substance contained in it.
2. Which of the following words (combinations of words) should be in place of the gap in the second (2) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).
although not so much just as if not
3. Read the snippet dictionary entry, in which the meanings of the word CASE are given. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the second (2) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry. BODY, -a, m.
1) The body of a person or animal. Large, heavy
2) skeleton, shell of something. K. ship. K. hours.
3) A separate building in a row of several or isolated most of building. Factory buildings. Side to.
4) A large military unit of several divisions. Motorized, tank, aviation, airborne
5) The totality of persons united by a commonality of some kind. official position. Diplomatic office Correspondent office (in a certain country: correspondents from different countries).
6) B pre-revolutionary Russia: average military educational institution. Cadet k. Morskoy k.
4. In one of the words below, a mistake was made in setting the stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel is highlighted INCORRECTLY. Write out this word.
accepted ahead of time parterre repeated convocation
5. In one of the sentences below, the underlined word is WRONGLY used. Fix it lexical error choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. Write down the chosen word.
The ONLY person Caesar trusted was his healer.
SKILL stone has a wide range of applications: it is used for finishing the facades of buildings, as well as for interior decoration premises.
The deputy did not wait for a RESPONSE to his initiatives and made a new proposal.
He was always rescued by some unknown force: he had a kind of worldly wisdom even in his youth.
The girl's heart was overflowing with joy.
6. In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
LONGER than others
without FROST
EIGHTY sprouts
RIDE FASTER
on both sides
7. Match between grammatical errors and sentences in which they are allowed: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
| GRAMMATICAL ERRORS A) a violation in the construction of a sentence with participle turnover B) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members B) build error complex sentence G) wrong construction offers from participle turnover | SUGGESTIONS 1) The classification of sands is used by desert researchers to this day, developed by V. A. Obruchev. 2) The sound of the sea, coming from below, spoke of peace. 3) The teacher reminded that abstracts must be submitted no later than March. 4) Created favorable conditions not only for publication scientific works and also to put them into practice. 5) Answering the manager's question, I assumed that the TV's warranty period had not yet expired. 6) Contrary to analysts' forecasts, this year the airline managed to maintain the volume of traffic at the level of last year. 7) Those who think that good manners exist apart from real life are wrong. 8) Scientists, having discovered in comets organic matter, there was an assumption about the existence of life outside the Earth. 9) At the expense of the treasury, they were built and maintained large enterprises, which on preferential terms were then transferred into the hands of private owners. |
8. Determine the word in which the unstressed checked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
water .. if unfavorable .. giving (beauty) in .. teran section .. army of mountains .. umbrella
9. Determine the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write these words out with the missing letter.
pr .. attracted, pr .. wise
pr..bereg, pr..hailed
z .. spend the night, from .. bent
be .. gifted, ra .. run
po..said, o..sorry
10. Write down the word in which the letter E is written at the place of the gap.
honor
arrogant..vy
overcome
jump off..wat
compliant..out
11. Write down the word in which the letter I is written at the place of the gap.
hesitant..my
invisible..my
persecuted..my
redesigned..
dance..sh
12. Define a sentence in which NOT with the word is written CLEARLY. Open the brackets and write out this word.
I feel like it absolutely (NOT) NEEDED to change the subject.
The director is driven by a (NOT) DESIRE to become famous, but a real cinematic passion.
Unfortunately, the problem is (NOT) SOLVED.
Mongolia is the largest state in the world in terms of territory, (NOT) HAVING access to the sea.
A skeptic (NOT) BELIEVE in what he has not personally verified.
13. Define a sentence in which both highlighted words are spelled ONE. Open the brackets and write out these two words.
(BY) THE way they listened to him, Vasiliev understood: WHAT (WHAT) he told now, they would not believe him.
Some fellings do not overgrow for a long time, (FOR) THIS (B) FOR several years, they can collect early small berries.
(B) FOLLOWING one ridiculous misunderstanding was another - (FOR) THIS occasion began another endless correspondence with the road administration.
Forest raspberries (IN) COMPARED with garden chalk, but much sweeter and fragrant, (FROM) THAT, even having beautiful large garden raspberries, the villagers love to go for the forest.
The room in which Ilya Ilyich Oblomov lay, (C) AT THE BEGINNING seemed perfectly cleaned, but (B) SOON this impression was replaced by another.
14. Indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) is written HH.
Valaam became a truly (1) school of painting for I. I. Shishkin: ra (2) Valaam canvases brought him a silver (3) medal of the Academy of Arts, and after two landscapes were awarded (4) a gold medal, the artist immediately (5) sent on a creative trip to Italy.
15. Arrange punctuation marks. Write two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) Climatic conditions regions affect both the architecture of buildings and the layout of apartments.
2) For the development of new models of technology, both equipment and highly qualified workers, both engineering and technical personnel and experimental plants, are needed.
3) The products of many machine-building plants are difficult to transport due to heavy weight or large sizes.
4) During botanical excursions and surveys in many areas and regions, observations were made and information was collected on the use of plants in traditional medicine.
5) V. M. Vasnetsov carefully studied the ancient Russian icon-painting technique and subsequently some of its techniques were applied by him in his work on historical paintings.
16. Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) should (s) be a comma (s).
In front of us lay the Koishauri valley (1) crossed like two silver threads, the Aragva and another river (2) and (3) running away into the neighboring gorges from the warm rays of the sun (4) a bluish fog slid over it.
17. Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) should (s) be a comma (s).
Our Mother Earth (1)
In days of trouble and in days of victory
No (2) you (3) brighter and more beautiful
And there is nothing more desirable to the heart.
Thinking about the soldier
unpredictable fate
Even lie down in a fraternal grave
Better (4) seems (5) in you.
(A. T. Tvardovsky)
18. Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) should (s) be a comma (s).
A loan issued for any period (1) within (2) of which (3) an expense (4) for a certain need (5) is possible is called a bank loan.
19. Place all punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers, in place of which commas should be.
At sunset it began to rain (1) which immediately dispelled the stuffiness accumulated in the air (2) and (3) while it loudly and monotonously rustled around the garden around the house (4) the sweet freshness of wet greenery was drawn into the open windows in the hall.
20. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the chosen word, observing the norms of modern Russian literary language.
It is important to understand which of the characters in the story is most impressed by the author of the work.
Read the text and complete tasks 21 - 26
(1) There was a siege of Noteburg. (2) So the Swedes called the fortress Oreshek. (3) Peter I personally took part in the battles. (4) Day after day, the Russians from forty guns fired at the fortress. (5) Unsuccessfully.
(6) Due to impassability, the carts lag behind the troops, as well as siege guns. (7) The Northern War began in thaw, in October 1700, near Narva, with the fact that a shortage of cores was immediately discovered. (8) Gunpowder was bad. (9) Artillerymen have to lay a one and a half charge. (10) From this, cannons are torn, scorers die. (11) Seeing such troubles, the captain of the artillery company Gummert goes over to the side of the Swedes. (12) The military advisers hired by Peter are bad, do not justify hopes.
(13) When bombing Noteburg, the guns keep breaking down. (14) When the soldiers went to storm the fortress, they could not climb into the breach in the wall: the stairs were too short.
(15) Even when the Russians surrounded the fortress, Sheremetev, the commander of the army, sent a trumpeter to the commandant with a message. (16) The field marshal offered the Swedes to surrender. (17) Their position is hopeless. (18) There will be no help from anywhere. (19) In response, the Swedish commandant Schlipenbach politely and caustically thanked for explaining the reasons why the garrison should surrender, and asked for a few days to get permission from his superiors.
(20) Such an answer did not suit Sheremetev. (21) The shelling resumed. (22) Fires started in different places of the fortress, black columns of smoke rose into the gloomy October sky.
(23) In the fire of fires, all the wooden buildings of the fortress have already burned down. (24) Half of the Russian guns overheated, failed. (25) The Russians decided to storm, rushed into the gaps punched by artillery. (26) The Swedes poured tar on them, fired at them point-blank. (27) They fought desperately. (28) The fortress was considered impregnable, and for good reason: the walls are high, the strip of land between the walls and the water is narrow, so that the besiegers cannot turn around.
(29) The assault lasted hour after hour, thirteen hours, every now and then the inexperience of the Russians was revealed, the lack of siege weapons, Peter saw everything from his battery. (30) His best guards died. (31) The disgrace has come again Narva embarrassment". (32) The burning resin of the defenders of the fortress poured from above, wooden stairs flared up. (ЗЗ) Preobrazhensky, Semenovtsy - his favorites, his hope - fell near the stone walls, the dead got stuck in too narrow gaps. (34) The "bombardier captain" could not help them in any way, convulsions ran down his face. (35) His lips trembled when he gave the order to retreat, (36) And then an unprecedented thing happened - Lieutenant Colonel of the Semenovsky Regiment Mikhail Golitsyn disobeyed:
Tell the king that I am no longer his, but God's.
(37) And Peter was not angry with the disobedient, Peter rejoiced: the fighting spirit appeared, which he dreamed about, when an officer does what needs to be done not for the king, but for victory!
(38) His guards and Preobrazhensky repeated the attack. (39) They had no way back, they themselves pushed the ships on which they sailed into the water and let them go down the river. (40) Now they only had to take the fortress. (41) At this time, despite the shelling, a fresh detachment of Lieutenant Menshikov landed on the island, (42) The Russians rushed hand-to-hand again and again. (43) Nobody and nothing could stop the attackers. (44) In the morning, the Swedes surrendered. (45) Peter received from Schlipenbach the golden key to the fortress gates.
(46) The remnants of the Swedish garrison came out of this gate. (47) The picture was colorful. (48) Peter in a dark green uniform stood with a huge gilded key. (49) Swedish soldiers - some bandaged, some lame, singed, dirty, overgrown - dragged cast-iron cannons. (50) The guns hung with their muzzles down. (51) The drummer walked under the banner. (52) His drum was silent. (53) The last to walk, heads down, were the Swedish officers.
(54) The formation of Russian soldiers, led by Sheremetev and Peter, saluted the staunch, courageous defenders of the fortress. (55) As a sign of highest respect, the Swedes were allowed to take personal weapons with them, and officers - swords.
(56) Immediately, Peter ordered to rename the fortress to Shlisselburg (Key City), give it a new flag, coat of arms and award everyone with medals.
(57) History attributes the victory to two commanders - Sheremetev and Repnin - and, of course, to Peter.
(58) The victory taught the officers, the soldiers, and the tsar himself a lot: he forever remembered the moment of his weakness.
(59) Already a week later, medals were knocked out in honor of the capture of Noteburg: Peter and the siege of the fortress were depicted.
(According to D. A. Granin)
21. Which of the statements do not correspond to the content of the text? Specify the answer numbers.
1) Peter I forever remembered the moment of his weakness during the siege of Noteburg.
2) The "bombardier captain", seeing how his guards were dying during the assault on the impregnable fortress, ordered to retreat.
3) Lieutenant colonel of the Semyonovsky regiment, disobeying Peter's order to retreat, went over to the side of the Swedes.
4) Russian soldiers and officers, led by Peter, saluted the soldiers and officers of the Swedish garrison, who staunchly defended the fortress.
5) The siege of the fortress, called Oreshek and located on the banks of the river, went down in history as the Narva embarrassment.
22. Which of the following statements are true? Specify the answer numbers.
1) Sentence 2 explains the content of sentence 1.
2) Proposition 20 names the consequence of what is said in Proposition 21.
3) In sentences 23-26, reasoning is presented.
4) Sentences 34, 35 contain elements of the description of the human condition.
5) Sentences 41-45 contain a narrative.
23. Write out one phraseological unit from sentences 23-25.
24. Among sentences 46-53, find one (s) that is (s) connected with the previous one using cognate words and possessive pronoun. Write the number(s) of this offer(s).
25. “In the text of D. A. Granin, Peter I appears as a commander who takes care of his troops: this emphasizes the lexical means - (A) ____ (“his favorites, his hope” in sentence 33). You read the text and as if you hear the speech of the king - thanks to the use of such lexical means, as (B) ____ ("not angry at a disobedient" in sentence 37). The sense of justice inherent in Peter and his officers is conveyed by the repeatedly used technique - (B) ____ ("not his, but God's" in sentence 36, "not for the king, but for victory" in sentence 37) and syntactical device- (D) ____ (in sentences 54, 56)".
List of terms:
1) rows homogeneous members suggestions
2) exclamatory sentence
3) opposition
4) parceling
5) emotional-evaluative words
7) epiphora
8) phraseological units
26. Write an essay.
| Option 31 |
|||
| Job number | Answer | Job number | Answer |
| first soon |
|||
| artificial | 145 or any combination of these numbers |
||
| 1234 or any combination of these numbers |
|||
| unfading | sympathizes |
||
| mediocre run | |||
| overcome | |||
| invisible | out of order |
||
| necessary | |||
Problem
1. The problem of the causes of victory in the war. (What helps win a war?)
2. The problem of the need to learn from the victories and defeats in the war. (Why learn from defeats and victories in war?)
1. Courage, courage, the morale of the army and a sense of unity help to win the war. So, the Russian army took the impregnable fortress of Noteburg, because a fighting spirit appeared in the troops, everyone did everything that needed to be done not for the king, but for victory, and no one could stop the attackers.
2. Lessons must be learned from victories and defeats in the war, one must also remember the moments of one's weakness: this allows one to correct mistakes and move on.
It cannot be said that Russians lack manners in the Western European sense of the word. They have manners, they are just not quite the same as in the West.
Where an over-polite Japanese would probably say something like, "Could you make the window open?" and an Englishman would confine himself to the more concise, "Could you open the window?" : "Open the window, please" - and thus save a lot of time and energy.
Good manners include a quiet voice, calm gestures, and not too provocative clothing. However, Russians will not hesitate to express their overwhelming feelings in a public place. For example, if you do not like the way you are served in a store or restaurant, you can tell the seller or waiter everything you think about him, about his relatives, near and far, about his habits and sexual preferences.
To beat or not to beat
But fighting in public is condemned. They say that in Ireland, if you see two people fighting, you can walk up and ask politely if it's a private fight or if anyone can take part. And if the answer allows it, you can take off your jacket and contribute. In Russia, it's not like that. If someone uses their fists, as a rule, there is someone trying to breed fighters. A Russian might even get into a fight in the hope that someone will stop him: "Hold me before I smash that son of a bitch on the wall!"
Kiss me then I kiss you
When meeting a man, if they Good friends and have not seen each other for a long time, they can kiss on both cheeks. Three kisses are possible if they are priests or one of them is Brezhnev.
Not so long ago, young people kissing in public could be taken to the police. Passers-by at the sight of the kissing couple blushed and turned away. Now you can freely kiss even the policeman himself, and no one will say a word to you: that's how far the Russians have gone, imitating the manners of the corrupt West!
On the subject of slippers
When entering an apartment, Russians take off their shoes and put on slippers. Every housewife has a spare pair of slippers for guests. This is because even in cities, not all streets are covered with asphalt, and even if there is asphalt, it often looks like a small tank unit drove over it. Moreover, since throwing garbage on the street is not forbidden, and the meager salary of the janitors does not encourage them to labor zeal, dirt on shoes is simply inevitable.
At a time when standing in lines was an essential element of Russian life, a kind of etiquette developed, with its own rules and prohibitions: you can’t get through the queue, you can’t leave the queue for a long time, etc. Now, when the shops are full of goods and the only remaining problem is where to take money for all this, more than one housewife secretly yearns for the times when she spent long hours in line, talking with her own kind: good company, she is good company.
As a substitute for this occupation, Russian women (usually elderly) use the benches at the entrance to their entrance. You can always see the gossips sitting on the benches, looking at everyone who comes in and out and exchanges the latest courtyard news. You can rely on them if you want to know if Tanya Manina is at home, or if Manya Tanina has changed another fan.
How to say hello
Like the English priest, Russians use the word "you" when referring to God. But while the priest in all other cases says "you", the Russians "poke" a lot: these are parents, close relatives, good friends (and sometimes enemies - to show how much they are despised). If Russians start a lively discussion with "you" and then, at some crucial moment, change it to "you", this often means a sharp break in diplomatic relations.
Your parents are always "you": because why be too polite to the people you are destined to live with anyway? On the other hand, when lovers drop the polite "you" and switch to "you", this means that certain intimate changes have taken place in their lives.
There are no addresses like "sir" or "madam" in Russia, which causes a lot of inconvenience to Russians. Before October revolution In 1917, the normal form of address was "sir" or "madame". These words sounded very "bourgeois" and were rejected by the Bolsheviks, who suggested "citizen" or "comrade". Unfortunately, "citizen" gradually became associated not so much with everyday life, but with a court or a drive to the police station. "Comrade" is a word from the lexicon of the Communist Party, and after the fall of the communist regime, those who were against the former order did not want to use this word anymore; and there were many. "Sir" sounds terribly old-fashioned, which is why the situation still remains insoluble.
If you know a person's last name, you can always refer to him as "Mr. Ivanov" or "Ms. Ivanova", but this is very official address. Desperate to find anything suitable, the Russians use simple "Man!" and "Woman!", but many reject such appeals, finding them vulgar. As a temporary measure, Russians use "Excuse me, please!" do not call the interlocutor in any way, but simply attract attention.
Since ancient times, Russians respectfully refer to older people with the help of the names of the degrees of kinship: "Grandmother!", "Uncle!", And the older ones to the younger ones - affectionately "Son!" and "Daughter!" Rougher times - rougher manners: the rather unceremoniously sounding "Grandfather!" to any age person with a beard. But "Old man!" as an appeal to a young peer sounds quite friendly. Truly inscrutable are the ways of language!
Full report
If you meet a Russian you know on the street and imprudently ask how he is doing, he will stop, take a deep breath and begin to enlighten you in the most detailed way.
He will list all his ailments and the ailments of his wife; tell what happened after he followed the doctor's advice; you will know how it feels in this moment; he will tell you what his son's school progress is and what the teacher said at the last parent-teacher meeting.
Never, ever ask a Russian how he's doing unless you really want to know if he's had enough sleep and what he ate for breakfast today.
Conversation
My favorite subject of conversation is politics. Any Russian, sane or not, will tell you how bad things are on the political front, and what he would do if he became president. There is not a single one who would not have their own proposals on how to save Russia from incompetent rulers, or a detailed plan economic development. common feature of all these plans is an ardent desire to hang all the current rulers on lampposts.
Unlike the British, the Russians do not have the art of talking about the weather throughout the transatlantic sea travel. Russians are able to endlessly talk about anything: about politics, about family affairs, about the health of your second cousin's youngest daughter, or about the concept of the Holy Trinity. There are, however, a few subjects that Russians tend to avoid and that it is simply impossible to get them to talk about. They are very shy to talk about sexual problems- even in the doctor's office, and even more so with friends, with children or parents. But with the advent erotic films and magazines and even (oh my God!) sex shops attitude to this subject is becoming more relaxed. From the windows of every newsstand, not very modestly dressed girls look at you, in whose eyes a promise is frozen. Now you can hear such previously taboo words as a condom, intercourse or group sex. Homosexual relationships are still considered vile and shameful, but are no longer punished under criminal law. Sex education remains a complete taboo. Russians, and especially educators, still believe that children are found in cabbages or bought for foreign currency in high-end stores.
Most Russian swear words are related to sex. Russians are proud that their abuse is known to sailors of all countries, and these sailors rarely realize what they are saying. Had they known, they might have thought twice before using such lethal curses. Fortunately, Russians themselves rarely think what they say either.
Among the most common swear words are mat, profanity related to sex and family relations, as well as relatively harmless words like "whore" and " Son of a bitch". A recent acquisition, very sharp, causing a fight -" goat ".
But did you see this?
Particular attention should be paid to gestures and facial expressions. The British, apparently, can do without gestures at all, but if you tie the hands of an Italian, he will be discouraged, because gesture is a necessary part of Italian. The Russian language is somewhere in the middle between these two extremes: it is possible to speak without gesticulating, but, you see, it is very inconvenient.
Most Russian gestures differ little from the gestures of other peoples, but sometimes their meanings differ greatly. Some gestures specific to Western cultures, not at all. Missing, for example, is the "I'm lying" gesture when a Western European rubs his cheek index finger or crosses the index and middle fingers. Some gestures differ in details: when calling for a taxi, Russians, as a rule, raise their hand and hold it parallel to the ground, while in the West they lower their hand, as if showing where to drive up. True, after watching foreign films, Russians also begin to imitate this gesture.
Share your smile
There is nothing in human behavior, which would be more specific than a smile. The role of a smile in Russia is completely different than in the West. American in response to the question: "How are you?" - will answer: "Great!" And smile, even if he just received a notice of dismissal from his job. The Japanese will announce the death of his beloved daughter with a smile - and not at all because he is so heartless. In all countries of the world people suffer the same way, but in some cultures a smile is a kind of shield: I may feel bad, but I do not ask you for sympathy, I will cope with my misfortune myself.
A Russian who feels bad will not smile: he wants the whole world to know about his misfortune; well, if not the whole world, at least the entire microdistrict. And if a Russian sees that another is bad, he will immediately rush to help him. Again we have a manifestation of community thinking: "Woe for two is half grief; joy for two is two joys". And why help someone who smiles and says that he is already doing well?
Among peoples for whom a smile is a kind of protective wall, Russians are known as gloomy and stern people or insensitive and boring people, because they do not smile as often as they do. Foreigners in Russia even instead of: "It will happen when the cancer whistles on the mountain" - they say: "It will happen when someone in the trolley bus smiles."
But the Russians are not at all to blame for all these sins. They are simply sure that "laughter for no reason is a sign of foolishness." Why fake fun if you're not having fun?! Well, and if it's fun, then you can not be shy to demonstrate it.
Sit next to me...
It is good to take into account that different cultures there is a difference in how close you have to be from the interlocutor and how often you have the right to touch him during a conversation. During one experiment, Puerto Ricans sitting at a restaurant table touched each other 180 times per hour, the French - 110, the British - never. Unfortunately, no one tested the Russians, but you can be sure that they are clearly somewhere in the middle between the Puerto Ricans and the French.
Russians are located closer to the interlocutor than, for example, English-speaking peoples, but farther than Latin Americans. It seems to the Russians that the British and Americans are constantly moving away from them, and to those - that the Russians are constantly pressing on them. Hence the possible misunderstandings: if an American stops a Russian woman to ask how to get to the hotel, she will come so close to him that the American might think that she wants to get to know him better. Perhaps he will behave accordingly, to the indignation of a woman who did not even think of an acquaintance.
While walking nearby, Russians are much closer friend to each other than the representatives of the English-speaking peoples. The same principle applies in the queue: Western Europeans stand at a great distance from each other, not invading other people's territory. The Russians can snuggle closely without feeling much discomfort: they probably do this so that no one gets through without a queue. But only at a great distance it is even more difficult to crawl between people: after all, every maneuver is clearly visible here!
For Russians, persons of the same sex can hold hands, for English speakers - in no case: still, what good, others will think that they are homosexuals ... But Russian young people of different sexes hold hands only if they are in love. Among English-speaking peoples, this is a neutral gesture, which does not say anything at all. As a result, Russians may get the impression that the British or Americans are sexually promiscuous people, and these latter may think that Russians are almost completely homosexual. For the same reason, in the West it is absolutely impossible for people of the same sex to dance together.
A significant difference is how representatives of different nations make their way through the crowd. Russians do not like it when strangers touch them with their hands, so they prefer to break through with their torso, while the English-speaking peoples consider such behavior rude and aggressive and push people away with their hands, which is already regarded by Russians as the limit of bad manners.
In general, Western residents believe that Russians behave with strangers in a familiar, unceremonious way, as with relatives, and Russians believe that Western Europeans behave even with relatives like strangers. Both are equally wrong, and solely due to their cultural ignorance.
An educated person lives in harmony with himself and those around him. It is impossible to become well-mannered all at once, or only in some cases, good manners are not a suit or a dress that is kept in the closet until the big occasion. You either have education or you don't.
What is good manners?
A person is judged not by clothes, but by manners, by how he behaves in society, how he treats others, how he talks and gesticulates. Generally speaking, good manners are the presence or, conversely, the lack of respect for people. old saying“Treat people the way you want to be treated” will probably never get old. You can not read treatises on the ability to behave in society, but simply act in accordance with this proverb, and you will be considered very pleasant and well-mannered person having refined manners.
Why are good manners important?
Having good manners is also very helpful. We have to communicate with many people every day - at work, in transport, with friends, and its result depends on how friendly this communication will be. Without complying even elementary rules propriety is difficult to adapt to a new society. It can be seen that successful and self-confident people are almost always well-mannered. About people who have achieved their goals, earned recognition, and, at the same time, are calm and restrained, they often say: "He has aristocratic manners, it is pleasant to communicate with him."
Good manners in today's society
You can often hear - in modern society not up to manners. However, a person who speaks loudly, is dressed dirty or yawns at all times, except for rejection, does not cause anything. Another thing is that some manners have changed, but not lost. Modern manners are based on respect for the other person, but convenience and practicality come to the fore. For example
- Let the woman go forward, open the door in front of her. Now the door is opened by the one who is more comfortable, regardless of whether you are a man or a woman. If a man with a child is in front of the girl, naturally, she will open the door for him.
- Men must give way to women. Just as in the first case, the one who is easier stands, and the woman may well give way to a disabled man.
Rules for good manners
What should be done and how to behave in order not to be considered ignorant? The basic rules of etiquette and good manners are simple: be reserved, benevolent, in control, and behave naturally.
- There is no need to hide from everyone that you are seeing or trying something for the first time. It would be better if you were taught how to do it than to be publicly embarrassed.
- It is very important to look good, and this is not about clothes. It is unacceptable to sit with your legs wide apart, or putting the ankle of one foot on the knee of the other, shouting loudly and gesticulating widely.
- Do not chew gum while talking and do not look at your watch or cell phone.
- Do not come to visit without warning, if you find people in pajamas in an uncleaned room, you will feel inconvenience.
- Be sure to knock on the room before entering, and it doesn't matter if it's the boss's office or the child's nursery.
- Naturally, one cannot read other people's letters, but in modern conditions SMS, emails.
- No need to talk with a full mouth and, moreover, wipe your mouth with your hands - use a napkin.
- Good manners for a girl is never to put her bag on her lap or on the table. A small clutch is allowed, but a fashionable tote bag is only on the floor or can be hung on the back of a chair.
How to deal with manners?
The main sign of bad manners is to point out to other people their bad manners. It is better to take a closer look at yourself, you can probably find a couple of bad manners.
- If you are irritable, flare up over trifles and can be rude in the heat of the moment, try to control yourself. Practice breathing deeper at home, counting during an attack of irritation, use what works best, and gradually it will become a habit.
- bad manners can be caused by ignorance, especially if you are in another country. Ask, or better yet, find out in advance how to behave, what are the customs in this area.
- If you are inattentive to people, or simply do not notice the need for help - ask, thereby you will be known considerate person and gradually get used to showing concern for others.
- Write down all your bad habits, manners, ask someone you trust what annoys you, analyze what situations provoke them. At first, you can ask loved one gently draw your attention to the manifestation of bad manners, later you will see them for yourself and can control them.
How to learn good manners?
Can good manners be learned? How can a woman learn good manners so that a situation does not arise: she seemed beautiful and spiritual until she spoke? The rules of behavior are brought up in childhood, but this does not mean that an adult cannot master them.
- First of all, learn to be calm. A calm reaction to stimuli contributes to the development of self-control, and self-control will not allow you to flare up and commit an act that you may later regret.
- Nurture in yourself positive perception the surrounding world. A well-mannered person is not one who refrains from answering if he is pushed, but one who is not offended by a push at all.
- Try not to provoke situations in which a feeling of embarrassment may arise, and if such a situation arose through no fault of your own, make a distraction.
- Remember what annoys you in other people and try not to repeat it.
- Be polite in all situations, politeness is the basis of good manners, do not allow rude expressions, disregard for people.
- Carefully observe those who seem to you a well-mannered person and try to repeat their actions in different situations.
- Watch your speech - do not allow jargon or special terms not to mention outright vulgarism. Secret correct speech easy - read on! especially Russian classic literature, the more you read, the faster your speech will improve, and enough has been written about good manners in books.
Films about good manners
There are films to study proper manners behaviors:
- "How to Become a Princess" Is it possible to change manners and remain yourself.
- "Pride and Prejudice"- how to successfully marry without a dowry, but with impeccable manners.
- "Kate and Leo"- sophistication and slowness of the 19th century and crazy New York of the 20th.
- "Miss Congeniality"- Policewoman and good upbringing incompatible?
- "The Devil Wears Prada"- what lies behind the good manners of a successful lady?
- "My Fair Lady" how to turn into society lady from the ugly duckling.
