Jargon - (French jargon) - a type of speech used mainly in oral communication a separate relatively stable social group uniting people on the basis of profession, position in society, interests or age. Jargon differs from the usual spoken language by a significant component of specific vocabulary and a special use of word-formation means. Part of the slang vocabulary is belonging to not one, but several social groups. jargon is always intensively replenished with words borrowed from other languages ​​(“dude” - “guy”, from the gypsy language; “party” - “party” in modern youth jargon, from of English language); by re-issuing ("university" - "university", "teacher" - "teacher"), and more often - rethinking commonly used words ("wheelbarrow" - "car", "ancestors" - "parents"). Ratio lexical components jargon, as well as the nature of the transformation different vocabulary in jargons (from playfully ironic to grossly vulgar) depend on value orientation and the nature of the social group that is the carrier of this jargon. See also .

Knyazev A.A. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Mass Media. - Bishkek: KRSU Publishing House. A. A. Knyazev. 2002 .

Synonyms:

See what "Jargon" is in other dictionaries:

JARGON- (French). one) gem, zircon. 2) local dialect, dialect. 3) a conditional language invented for a known purpose, for example. lang. thieves, ofeney. Dictionary foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. JARGON 1) local ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

jargon- jive, thieves music, slang, social dialect, zircon, kent, radio jargon, fenya, slang, thieves language Dictionary of Russian synonyms. jargon slang Dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language. Practical guide. M.: Russian language. Z. E. Alexandrova. 2011 ... Synonym dictionary

JARGON Modern Encyclopedia

Jargon- (French jargon), a type of speech that differs from common mother tongue specific vocabulary and phraseology, a special use of word-formation means (cf. Argo). It is used mainly in oral communication of any ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

Jargon - 1. symbol secret "thieves' language" of the French lumpenproletariat of the 15th century, one of ancient monuments to the horn are Villon's ballads written in jargon (Le jargon ou jabelin, maistre Francois Villon); 2. figuratively from here ... ... Literary Encyclopedia

JARGON- (French jargon), dialect, dialect, spoiled language. Slang paraphasia, jargon paraphasia is a speech disorder observed in sensory aphasia. Due to the presence of literal paraphasia, i.e., the replacement of some letters by others, and due to verbal or ... ... Big Medical Encyclopedia

JARGON- (French jargon) a social type of speech that differs from the common language in specific vocabulary and phraseology (cf. Argo). Sometimes the term jargon is used to refer to distorted, bad speech … Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

JARGON- JARGON, jargon, husband. (French jargon). 1. Same as slang. School jargon. 2. The current name of some local dialect, which seems corrupted to the speaker in the literary language (colloquial). He speaks in Kostroma jargon. 3. Former ... ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

Jargon- the language of a certain social or professional group, which differs from the common language in specific vocabulary and phraseology. In English: Jargon See also: Dialects Financial Dictionary Finam … Financial vocabulary

Jargon- (fr. jargon) - a social type of speech that differs from the national language in specific vocabulary and phraseology. Sometimes the term "slang" is used to refer to distorted, incorrect speech. Big dictionary in cultural studies... Encyclopedia of cultural studies

jargon- JARGON, slang, special. slang, special sociolect, jargon hair dryer special JARGONISM, spec. argotism, special slang slang, slang, slang, colloquial. reduced thieves ... Dictionary-thesaurus of synonyms of Russian speech

Books

• Russian jargon. Historical and etymological, explanatory dictionary of the underworld, Zugumov ZM. This publication contains more than six thousand words and concepts that existed before and exist in the underworld today. The dictionary introduces the reader to the origin of slang words and ...

Introduction

The tongue is soft: whatever it wants, it murmurs.

Russian folk proverb

"English speech, like any speech in general, is a constant and steady change, development, creativity, since speech accompanies, serves, and often stimulates material and spiritual creation, production and reproduction, renewal of the old and the generation of the new in material life, in science, in spiritual culture".

These words, by Spencer, show quite clearly the importance of learning simple colloquial speech. In his opinion, it is necessary to study simple speech, "as a phenomenon, as a living organism, which, while existing relatively independently, is at the same time part of the general linguistic space, the soil that largely nourishes and actually literary language".

Oral speech is a very valuable source for the study of culture as a whole. "Ultimate freedom, looseness and anonymity of mass word creation, not limited by strict norms, not processed by the efforts of professionals artistic speech constitute a kind of cultural phenomenon.

The "new wave" of journalists, which poured into our press, radio and television, turned out to be professionally unprepared for the rapidly changing reality, including the role that is self-evident for a journalist - to remain faithful guardians of the native language with the help of which the media communicate with millions of their fellow citizens. And first of all, from the screens of televisions, radios and newspapers, jargon.

The purpose of this work is to consider the features of the use slang words and expressions in means mass media.

But the world of media is big, so we will only look at the printed part of it, namely magazines. Indeed, on television, the interior can be created with appropriate decorations, and in newspapers and magazines only with a word. We have chosen the magazines "Rolling Stones", "Woman", "People" as the object of study due to the fact that their topics are the problems of not only the adult generation, but also the youth.

It is interesting that in scientific articles jargon is practically not found, but in articles of an entertaining nature it abounds. In our opinion, this phenomenon is based on what audience this or that article is intended for. If it is of a scientific nature, then the audience is primarily readers of the older generation. If entertaining - youth. Hence the desire to become closer and more understandable to readers.

What is jargon?

General characteristics of jargon. Classification

"Jargon" - from fr. "jargon" is the speech of a relatively open social or professional group, which differs from the literary language in a special composition of words and expressions. This is a conditional language, understandable only in a certain environment, it has a lot of artificial, sometimes conditional words and expressions. However, at present, there is a tendency for jargon to go beyond the professional or social groups that gave rise to it, on the one hand, and an increase in the gap between literary and jargon, on the other hand, which is largely due to democratization and even "vulgarization" public life. Jargon crowds out respectable speech, not without the help of the media and dissemination mass culture that leave an imprint on the language of the entire nation.

In the twentieth century, a technological revolution took place, the pace of life noticeably accelerated, vocabulary, because each new concept must correspond to at least one word. Accordingly, the jargon vocabulary is expanding, thousands of new words have been added to reflect political and social changes. New words also arise in order to refresh old concepts.

Jargons are divided into class-stratified, industrial, youth, jargons of groups of people according to interests and hobbies. Jargons of any professions that are very difficult for the uninitiated to understand belong to production. For example, the jargon of drivers: "steering wheel" - the steering wheel, "long-range" - intercity flights over long distances, "carried" - the driver; jargon of computer scientists and Internet users: "glitches" - abnormal operation of equipment, "freeze" - failure of the computer, "gamer" - a fan of computer games.

Youth jargons are divided into industrial and household. The production vocabulary of students is closely related to the learning process ("teacher" - teacher, "course student" - course work, "matan" - mathematical analysis, "techie" - technical school). The addiction to drugs has introduced such words as "machine" - a syringe, "wheels" - pills containing narcotic substances etc.

The jargons of informal youth groups exist and are widely used. Most of these words are borrowed from English and adapted to Russian phonetics. These jargons are closely intertwined with the slang of musicians, since the entire informal culture is built on music.

Interest group jargons include jargons of players ("beat the goat" - play dominoes), collectors, sports fans, and the like. Most often, jargons are used for fun and to increase the pace of speech, there is no secrecy or convention in them.

The more widely this or that social phenomenon spreads in society, the more it takes root in colloquial vocabulary of the corresponding jargon.

The jargon challenges the "correct" life, which is a linguistic reflection of such social phenomena in youth environment like hippies, beatniks. Jargon seeks to increase the rate of speech, for this abbreviations, shortened words, abbreviations are used. Even themselves linguistic terms"jargon" and "slang" are increasingly being replaced by a shorter one - "slang".

The relevance of this problem is confirmed by the authors of countless non-professional jargon dictionaries, who often preface their publications with indications of the uniqueness, exclusivity, primacy and uniqueness of their works. V. Bykov writes that "until recently, "fenya" was a forbidden fruit for Russian lexicography".

The publishers of V. Baldaev's dictionary assure that his dictionary is "the only publication of its kind undertaken in Russia for all the years Soviet power... ". Meanwhile, all these illiterate dictionaries published over the past ten years are neither the "first" nor the "latest". Such dictionaries in Russia have been compiled for at least a century and a half. For example: Music or a dictionary of pickpockets, that is capital thieves (1871) Since then, several hundred such dictionaries have been published.

To the above list, you can add a dictionary compiled by students of the journalism department Faculty of Philology OSU Vladislav Chislov and Nikolai Lezhepekov.

AT various literature the term jargon is defined in various ways. For example, in linguistic encyclopedic dictionary it is defined as follows:

"Jargon (French jargon) is a type of speech used mainly in oral communication by a separate relatively stable social group that unites people on the basis of profession, position in society, interests or age. Jargon differs from the literary language in specific vocabulary and phraseology and in the special use of word-formation means Part of the jargon vocabulary is belonging not to one, but to many (including those that have already disappeared) social groups. Passing from one jargon to another, their words general fund can change form and meaning. The vocabulary of jargon is replenished by borrowing from other languages, but most of it is created by rewriting, and more often by rethinking commonly used words. The ratio of the vocabulary of conversation, origin, as well as the nature of its rethinking in jargon - from playful ironic to grossly vulgar - depend on the value orientation and nature of the social group: whether it is open or closed, organically enters society or opposes itself to it. AT open groups(e.g. youth) jargon is " collective game". In closed groups, jargon is also a signal that distinguishes between "one's own" and "alien", and sometimes a means of conspiracy. Jargons often reflect a humorous or familiar attitude to objects of reality. Jargon expressions are quickly replaced by new ones. Jargon vocabulary penetrates literature: through vernacular and language fiction, where it is used as a means of speech characteristics. The fight against jargon for the purity of the language and the culture of speech reflects the rejection of linguistic isolation by society as a whole.

The explanatory dictionary of the Russian language gives the following definition of jargon:

JARGON - the speech of some social or other group united by common interests, containing many words and expressions other than common language, including artificial, sometimes conditional".

I.B. dove in his study guide"The style of the modern Russian language" characterizes the slang vocabulary as follows:

"Unlike professional vocabulary jargon is always used to refer to concepts that already have names in the common language. In Soviet reality, there are no conditions for the emergence and development of social jargons; their only echo in our time remains the jargon of criminals. However, one can talk about the jargons used by people placed in special conditions life and communication.

The meaning of jargon is often very broad, it varies depending on the context.

The expressiveness of jargon vocabulary contributes to the fact that words from jargons turn into common colloquial everyday speech, not bound by strict literary norms. Most of the words that have become widespread outside of jargons can only be considered jargonisms from a genetic point of view, and at the time of their consideration they already belong to the vernacular.

The emergence and spread of jargon in speech is assessed as a negative phenomenon in the life of society and development national language. However, the introduction of jargon into the literary language in exceptional cases acceptable: this vocabulary may be needed by writers to create speech characteristics characters...

The desire of writers to protect the literary language from the influence of jargon is dictated by the need for an uncompromising struggle against them: it is unacceptable for jargon vocabulary to be popularized through fiction.

The appeal to jargon not in satirical contexts, dictated by the authors' desire to revive the narrative, is regarded as a stylistic defect.

The word "jargon" recorded in Dahl's dictionary is perceived as a borrowing from French and, accordingly, it is simply translated (without explanatory Russian examples) as "adverb", "dialect", "pronunciation", "local speech". This interpretation emphasizes the difference between jargon and codified language, but the meaning of the term does not have a disparaging connotation.

In Brockhaus and Efron, a new one is added to this understanding: "a corrupted dialect", as well as an explanation "jargons are sometimes invented for a certain purpose, for example, the jargons of thieves, beggars, and so on."

Currently, jargon is often presented as the opposite of the culture of speech. It is usually used in the context social stratification("slang of thieves", "slang of students" and the like) and is devoid of a generalized cultural background.

A new direction adjoins the tradition that developed back in the 19th century to explore professional jargons: social-age jargons. Moreover, if it is not difficult to draw a line between professional jargon and national vocabulary, then it is problematic to determine the scope of social and age jargons.

On the nature of youth jargon, which attracts close attention of researchers, there are different opinions. Some linguists deny systematicity and integrity to jargon, presenting it as " special vocabulary"of a certain social group. For example, M. Kopylenko writes:" A significant part of Russian speakers aged 14-15 to 24-25 years old uses several hundred specific words and strongly idiomatic phrases called youth jargon. "Many note that jargon serves only the most important situations for its speakers. In this interpretation, jargon is a collection of words that expand the speech repertoire of a group of speakers of a particular language, structural aspects which the jargon does not affect, being realized only at the lexical level to describe the most significant situation for the group.

Other researchers see jargon as a part, a rather complex subsystem of the Russian language, which stands out for the selectivity of semantic fields, reduced style and limited range of speakers. Relying on language system in general, jargon is a part of this system - a part that lives and develops according to the laws common to the entire system. At the same time, jargon has some features that make it possible to distinguish it into a separate subsystem.

A similar opinion is expressed by E. Uzdinskaya: "Youth jargon is a special sublanguage as part of the national language used by people aged 14 to 25 in easy communication with peers. Youth jargon is characterized as a special set lexical units, and the specifics of their meaning. Carriers are a socio-demographic group within the people, which is united, first of all, by age.

Researchers who consider it fundamentally important to draw a line between slang and jargon, as a rule, follow L. Skvortsov, who argued that these terms differ in the degree of openness. Slang is a secret language used by members of a closed group, the lower classes of society, and jargon is a social dialect of a certain age community or professional corporation.

In this regard, some scholars note that, since modern criminal groups use vulgar rather than esoteric vocabulary, the slang has ceased to exist. Some philologists tend not to isolate the jargon into a subsystem, but, on the contrary, to consider it as part of a national language. However, even they see jargon as socially marked. At present (since the mid-60s) it is no longer possible to talk about jargon as a closed speech routine of any social group: youth jargon is rather a reduced style of speech, a means of easy communication among peers.

What are jargon, what examples from the Russian language can be given?

Jargons are words that are artificial language, jargon. This language is used in certain narrow circles and is usually incomprehensible to an outsider. Jargon does not necessarily carry a negative connotation, they are often used in both professional and youth circles. Examples of youth jargon (of those that I like): extinguish (hide), loser (loser), It's you on the userpic etc.

Jargons are words from jargon. Jargon is a peculiar form of communication formed in some circles, expressed in the use of some unofficially invented words and designations.

For example, the most famous jargon is prison. Some words in nm were invented in order to be able to speak among themselves on forbidden topics and so that the guards could not understand the meaning.

Here are examples of some prison words:




radish — bad person. Apparently it arose from the fact that the radish is red in appearance, but white inside. That is, a radish is a person who, as it were, is for the red army, but in fact is for the white one. Radishes are usually planted (the plant is in the ground, and the person is in prison).

Freyphea — good man. Probably formed from the merger of two words free - freedom and fairy, that is, a fairy from freedom (for example, a prisoner's girl who visits him), but this is only my version.

jargon- a word or slang expression that is used in a literary language.

Jargon- from the French jargon - dialect, gibberish, incomprehensible language. The speech of a certain group of people, which is united by location, interests or occupation.

For example:

Computer jargon (slang):

• job - works
• buggy - stopped working
• firewood - drivers
• Windows - operating system Windows
• vent - Windows shell
• user/user - user
• register - register
• keyboard - keyboard
• server - server
• hack - hack
• cracked program - a program that requires a license key to be renewed
• cracker - a specialist in the extension of the demo version of the program

Prison jargon:

• baby - note
• xiva - identity document
• rooster - a novice omitted by experienced convicts
• urka - escaped convict
• fraer - one who is at will
• freestyle - a woman who is free
• parasha - toilet
• crosses - St. Petersburg prison
• correspondence student - a naive girl waiting for a convict in the wild
• lean back - get out of the zone
• filter the market - follow the words
• nema bazaar - no questions

School jargon:

• teacher / uchiha - teacher
• couple - deuce
• triplets - triplets
• spur - cheat sheet
• mathematician, Russian, historian, etc. — teachers in mathematics, Russian language, history
• contra - control work
• homework - homework
• class teacher - class teacher
• zauchka - head teacher
• fizra - physical education
• nerd - an excellent student-know-it-all (for some reason, it is customary to consider him to be slow)

Youth jargon (slang):

• chick, tlk, dude - girl


• dude, man - guy
• gavrik, shibzdyk - obsessive youngster
• remove, pick up aphrodisiac - seduce a girl
• diskach - disco
• clubber - club
• fall into the clubhouse - go to the club
• party - party
• throw a show off - show off
• base, hut - apartment
• ancestors, ancestors - parents
• the boy major is a spoiled child of wealthy parents
• chatter - talk
• pipe, mobile - mobile phone
• wow - awesome
• freaky, awesome - cool, wonderful
• outfit, clothes - clothes
• prt - like it
• not prt, infuriates - do not like
• music - music
• ult - a word expressing delight = awesome

• It is customary to call jargon words or jargon expressions, which are sometimes substituted for literary speech. Jargon is often used in a criminal environment or as a form of conspiracy. Examples −

  • baby - note
  • prog - computer program
  • spur - cheat sheet.

• Jargons are units of jargon. A jargon is a specialized kind of language that is used between members of a particular profession or hobby, characterized by the use of terms that are not familiar to most people. Slang speakers may also use common words in unusual ways, reflecting general use in your group. Essentially, jargon is a language technical terms, and it may be incomprehensible to people who are not familiar with the topic under discussion.

  
  

  The word jargon, in fact, was originally formed from an old French word, which means chirping of birds. Therefore, the use of jargon dates back to the 1300s when people also used the word to refer to complex technical conversations.

  Jargons are jargon units or slang expressions that are used in certain social or professional groups Oh. For example, there is military jargon, there is jargon of flight attendants (example: nauseous - passengers), there is youth jargon, and so on.

  If you try to explain plain language, what jargon, then we can say that these are highly specialized words that are used by a group of people united by common interests / occupation.

  For example, school jargon:

  • teacher - teacher (physicist, Russian, chemist - from the same operaquot ;, only these words refer to a teacher who teaches a certain subject)
  • fizra - physical culture
  • spur - cheat sheet
  • homework - homework

  AT this case, these jargons refer to a group of people schoolchildrenquot ;, who actively use them when communicating with each other.

  And there are a lot of such examples, but the meaning, I think, is clear.

  
  

  In order to understand what the word jargons you must first know the meaning of the word jargonquot ;, and this is a certain dialect of this or that group of people who transform some words into others that are understandable only to them, as, for example, many people in our country know that the word represent a car. Well, a group or phrase of such words is called jargon ...

  Jargon is slang words or expressions. People who use jargon are united common interests. It can also be said that these people are united by social sign. For example: youth, professional, prison, student.

  Examples of jargon: cool - fashionable or business, bucks - dollars, dude - guy (borrowed, by the way, from the gypsy language), car - car.

  Jargon is the same as jargon, peculiar expressions individual people in certain groups, rockers, metalheads (there used to be), bikers, even every company has a certain jargon that only the people who work there understand.

  There is youth jargon, it can even sometimes be understood only by some companies, they themselves came up with for example.

  beat, kill

  girl - sheep, heifer, chuvyrla

  outfit - outfit

  information - info

  money - cabbage

Professional area

Surely everyone has come across specific expressions that came from one or another specialized area. There are many examples of professional jargon. But their highlight is that only people who are related to a particular specialty understand them. Here are some examples common among computer scientists:

• "Upgrade". Essentially, this is English word upgrade. To "upgrade" something means to improve it, to improve it.
• Throw on soap - send something to an email address.
• "Klava" - keyboard.
• "User" is a derogatory name for a user.

There are also interesting examples in the medical field. Here is some of them:

• "Helicopter" - a gynecological chair.
• "Get sick" - to restore the rhythm after cardiac arrest.
• The "client" is an ambulance patient.
• "Lounger" - a bedridden patient.
• "Paratroopers" are people who have been injured in a fall.
• "TV" - fluoroscopy.

And there are hundreds of such words in any field. As a rule, they have a comic or associative origin.

school slang

It can be described as sustainable. Leximes related to educational process, practically do not change. Only words related to the spheres of everyday life and leisure are “transformed”. But this is normal, because it is not without the influence of fashion and other extralinguistic factors.

Tokens are formed, as a rule, by affixal methods. There are also metonymic and metaphorical transfers, as well as fusions.

What about character? Due to the specifics of distribution, school slang is characterized by a playful, funny coloring. with negative lexemes educational institutions where they are massively formed and are fighting. By the way, many people say given type jargon school of word creation.

School jargon dictionary

Now you can give some examples of words and their meaning in jargon. Words from school sphere simple and clear even without explanations. Here is some of them:

• Algebroid is an algebra teacher.
• "Dirik" - director.
• Zubril is an excellent student, a diligent student.
• “Hysterichka” is a history teacher. There is a letter change here. Consonant with the colloquial "historian".
• "Ancestors", "rodoks" or "perens" (from English parents ) - parents.
• Rep is a tutor.
• "Physicist-shizik" - a teacher of physics, formed on the basis of rhyme.
• "Shamovochnaya" - dining room.

There are many other examples from the jargon of the school sphere. Many lexemes are common, and some exist only in certain circles. Surely in all schools there are teachers who, within the framework of the institution, schoolchildren call one or another slang word - most often derived from a surname.

Student jargon: features

He usually wears a familiar coloration. It is generally accepted that student jargon, examples of which will be given below, began its journey with abbreviations for the names of subjects.

A little later, disciplines began to be replaced by the names of teachers who lecture on them. For example: “Are you going to Ivanov?”

Conventionally, students' slang is divided into traditional, which is passed from one generation to another, and new. It includes words that constantly replenish the vocabulary of students. Although, by the way, student slang is common not only among them. It is also actively used by teachers.

Examples

Here are some jargons from the student sphere that can be classified as traditional:

• "Abitura" - graduates entering the university, applicants.
• "Academ" - academic leave.
• "Alaska", "gallerka", "Kamchatka" - the back rows in the audience.
• "Spur" - cheat sheet.
• "Botan" is an excellent student.
• "Record" - a record book.
• "Kursach" - term paper.
• "Stipuha" - a scholarship.

These examples of jargon have taken root in circulation so long ago that they are no longer even considered slang. But those that are new, perhaps not even familiar to everyone:

• "Bachok" - bachelor.
• "Mag" - master.
• Zaruba is foreign literature.
• "Matan" - mathematical analysis.
• "Pervak" - freshman.

The student sociolect is perhaps one of the most frequently replenished. Therefore, this jargon has a "live" character. And it will exist as long as social group won't disappear.

Youth slang

It is also very common. Examples of youth jargon are numerous. Surely many of you have come across the following lexemes:

• Theme is good interesting idea or an idea. It is also not uncommon to hear an approving exclamation of “Oh, this is a topic!” Addressed to something / someone.
• "Bro" is a friend. It comes from the English brother ("brother").
• "Scrap" - too lazy to do something.
• "Bummer" - a characteristic of a situation where reality did not match the expectation.
• “In kind”, “hedgehogs”, “live is” - a conviction.
• "Lave", "loot", "coin", "cash" - money.

As a rule, most lexemes have a rough-familiar coloring. Speaking of the most developed semantic fields, then it will be leisure, housing, clothing, appearance and people. Youth jargon, examples of which are found everywhere, is very changeable. Generations change, and with them slang.

Literature

In the works of great figures there are also slang words and expressions. It is not surprising, because they are able to convey exactly the meaning that the author lays in the lines, give the text some kind of expression. Here are just a few examples of jargon in fiction:

• S. A. Yesenin - “Letter to mother”. There are such words: “sadanul” (jargon), “very much” and “drunkard” (colloquial). There are many other examples in the verses of the “Moscow Tavern” cycle, and in obscene verses there is something that censorship does not let through.
• M. A. Sholokhov - “ Quiet Don". In this work, the speech of the main characters and descriptions of nature are interspersed with words characteristic of the Don villages. Such as "spletugans", "bursaks", etc.
• N. V. Gogol - "Dead Souls". In this poem, many characters speak in simple language.
• V. S. Vysotsky and A. I. Solzhenitsyn. These literary figures are known for their love of jargon and "strong" words, so you can find them in almost every work of theirs.

But also in literary works other writers and poets they meet. There are many examples of jargon in the literature. It's just that sometimes we don't even perceive them as such. There used to be other times, mores, language norms, and most of the words modern people just consider literary feature era. Here are some examples: shameless (shameless), buoy (impolite), sail (sail), gaer (jester), ephor (bishop), zabobons (superstition), capon (castrated rooster), mask (mask), oratay (plowman).

prison slang

It cannot be ignored when considering examples of jargon. It developed among the declassed elements of society, which are criminals who are both at large and in correctional institutions.

Criminal jargon is a system of expressions and terms that identify members of the criminal community as a separate, separate part society. This feature is its main specificity. If the same school jargon, examples of words from which were given above, can be understood by everyone, then the meaning of “thieves” expressions is difficult to perceive.

Because you need to be enlightened in this matter. For criminal jargon reflects an internal hierarchy criminal world. "Respectful" words are assigned to authoritative, powerful, influential personalities. Offensive and offensive - for the "lower".

Some "thieves" words

They should be listed at the end of the topic. A dictionary of criminal slang, if released in the format of a book, will be as thick as a weighty brochure. All words and phrases cannot be listed, so here are the most bright examples criminal jargon:

• "Baklan" - a hooligan convicted under Art. 213 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The word carries a connotation of contempt.
• "Huckster" - a speculator, a buyer of stolen goods. Either convicted of speculation, or someone who sells cigarettes, tea and other goods in prison.
• "Blatnoy" is a professional, respected criminal from the highest status group. Follows "concepts", recognizes the prison law, has a "clean" past.
• "Grev" - food and money illegally sent to criminals in prison by someone from freedom.
• "Dushnyak" - especially unbearable conditions.
• "Gimp" - harming one prisoner by others.
• “Kozly” is a whole group of prisoners who openly cooperate with the administration of the penitentiary. One of the most serious insults in the zone.
• "Attack" is an aggressive provocation.
• "Soldering" - state-owned products.
• "Godfather" is the most authoritative prisoner.
• "Cutting" - shortening the term.
• "Torpedo" - bodyguard.
• "Bullshit" is a lie.
• Khimik is a criminal who was released on parole.
• "Owner" - the head of the colony / prison.
• "Shmon" - a search.

Given that there are hundreds of such words, one can imagine how incomprehensible the communication of prisoners will seem. ordinary person. In fact, there are still many examples of jargon in the Russian language, but the prison one is the most specific and interesting in terms of word formation. Not without reason, many works of a scientific nature are devoted to its study.

I. Nouns

a) Words that name people:

Koresh, bro - friend, buddy.
Dude is a guy.
Kent is a trendy guy.
Marekha is a girl.
The switchman is the one who is blamed by others.
Dranka is a girl of easy virtue.
Bruise is an alcoholic.
Cheburashka is a man with big ears.
Narik is a drug addict.

b) Offensive names for a person:

Radish, goat, tusk, sheep, purse, deer, toad, stick, tambourine, pretzel, elk, pig, cormorant, woodpecker, slicker.

From the same line:

Zashuganets is a downtrodden person.
Loch is a person who is easily deceived.
Zhmot - greedy.
Rotan is a glutton.
A snitch is a scammer.
A yap, a trepach is a talker, a liar.
Brake - a person who does not understand well or a person with a slow reaction.
The pantry is a scammer.

c) Derogatory naming of juniors:

Salaga, shellfish, small fry.

d) Words that name parts of the body:

Flippers - legs.
Locators are ears.
Zenki - eyes.
Mouth, hawka - mouth.

e) Nouns that are difficult to combine into any group:

Funny is a joke.
Ugar, bark - fun.
Rams - quarrel, conflict.
Arrow - fight.
Chatter - chatter, lies.
Bazaar - conversation, chatter.
The bullshit is nonsense.
Gon is a lie.
Chased, whoops - nickname.
Havchik is food.
A jamb, a joint - something that spoils the view; (in the jargon of drug addicts, another meaning).
A bummer is an unexpectedly bad result.
Chirik - ten rubles.
Vaksa - vodka.
Sam is moonshine.
Hooves - shoes on a high platform.
Filki, grandmas, cabbage - money.
Shmon - a search.
Glitch is a hallucination.
Waste is something outstanding.
Decile - a little, a little bit.
Cropal - even less.

II. Verbs and verb forms

The second largest group in school jargon is a group of verbs. It should be borne in mind that sometimes the verb word exists only in the form in which it is used by native speakers (jargon), and in its original form it has a completely different meaning. For example, the list includes the word form does not roll, the infinitive form does not reflect exact value this word in jargon.

Bald - have fun.
Wali - go away.
Get stuck - get caught.
Stuck - got into an unpleasant position.
Move, move - get out of here.
Get - get bored.
Drift - to coward.
Dyuznut - steal.
To spoil - to spoil.
Steam - very bored.
Throw - deceive, substitute.
To goof off - to goof off.
Does not roll - will not fit.
We will not talk - we will not meet.
Break off - get an unsuccessful, unexpected result.
Oborzet - insolent.
Back off - back off.
Break away - have fun, bypassing all conventions.
To go nuts - to be surprised.
Ofonaret - to become impudent; to be greatly surprised, to be shocked.
Flattening (the same as cockroach) - unwell.
To shave is the same as to break off.
Undermine - jump.
Burn, burn - have fun, rejoice.
Imagine - imagine.
To joke - to joke, to laugh.
Wash off - go away.
Knock - convey.
Cockroach - see stomps.
Stare - enjoy.
Hang around - be completely delighted.
Sharpen - eat, eat.
To poke - to hang out idle.
Shut up - shut up.
Hippo - to be fashionable.
Encrypt - to hide something.

III. Words close to adverbs

Cool, cool, class, cool, awesome, nishtyak, fly away, cool, carbon monoxide - an expression of a high degree of quality, highly appreciated anything.
Shut up - there's nowhere better.
Strim, strenuous - bad.
Darkness is hard, terrible.
Either way, definitely.

IV. Adjectives

Dumb - bad, bad, ugly.
Cool, cool, cool - a high degree of quality of something.
Buhoy - drunk.
Bespontovy - not good.
Mastery - humiliating, insulting about a person.
Delicious - enterprising.

It can be assumed that the small number of the group of adjectives is explained by the fact that each jargon word already carries expression, contains an assessment, therefore, in additional "determinants

ACCORDING TO DICTIONARIES

JARGON, - [French. jargon] Speech of some kind. social or professional group containing a large number of words and expressions peculiar only to this group (often artificial, secret or conditional); slang. Student, youth Marine Thieves J. Use jargon. Speak in jargon.

SLANG, [English] slang] 1. Speech of a socially or professionally isolated group; jargon. 2. Elements of speech that do not coincide with the norm of the literary language (usually expressively colored).

ARGO, [French. argot]. Lingu. Some speech. a small social closed group that differs from the national language in vocabulary, but does not have its own phonetics and grammatical system; jargon. Vorovskoye a.

COMMENT

These three terms have both similarities and differences. All of them belong to the language of certain social or professional groups, but differ in the degree of isolation, in the volume of use in speech, and in the level of stability and renewal.

ARGO is the language of a closed SOCIAL group with a complete replacement of common vocabulary.

JARGON encompasses both social and professional groups; in addition, he is less closed in relation to these groups and is not completely isolated from ordinary speech.

SLANG is the same jargon, but even more vague, it can go beyond social and professional groups and is used by ordinary users to indicate the expression of speech. In addition, its composition is constantly changing and updating, which in most characteristic of the youth environment. Accordingly, it is often said about youth slang.

Are you in favor of grandparents actively mastering slang in order to be able to understand their grandchildren? Stopping a few steps away, they looked at Dolores and cracked jokes, the underground meaning of which he still did not catch - perhaps it was some kind of youth slang. Oh, this newfangled slang, I can’t get used to it, sir, excuse the old woman). This slang is already familiar to ordinary people who carefully watch TV.

"Bepeshka" (from BP - no breed) - professional slang for "horsemen". Bank money, sorry for the slang, fried Such is his last performance - despite today's slang, he came to 2002 from another time. We are not executed for such songs, but they will not be played on the radio either, even light slang is not welcome there. This slang is already familiar to ordinary people who carefully watch TV.

Previously, jargon was the lot of clear social and professional groups. (Sergey Dovlatov). Well, I knew how to trail something (follow the trail, hunting jargon - RR). Computer jargon is the fastest growing language in the world.

jargon

jargon- words and expressions that have arisen and are used in narrow group branches of the language. Jargons are not complete system. The grammar in them is the same as in the national language. The specificity of jargons lies in their vocabulary. Many words in them have a special meaning, they differ in form from commonly used words.

Jargon is everyday vocabulary and phraseology, endowed with reduced expression and characterized by socially limited use.

I wanted to invite guests to the holiday, but the hut does not allow it. shack- house.

Tomorrow the whole class will go to the races. Horse racing - dancing.

Professional jargons used by people of the same profession when communicating on production topics. Pilots: belly, barrel, slide, loop. Doctors: brilliant green, castor oil, injections.

social jargon is the speech of a socially isolated group. Often the emergence of social jargon is dictated by the needs of the functioning and livelihood of any social group. Argo ofenei (traveling peddler, peddler) in pre-revolutionary Russia: double-dealer, linden, swindler, nimble. Now such group jargons are widespread that reflect specific associations of people by interests (fans, motorists, collectors, etc.).

Slang- a set of jargon words that make up the layer colloquial vocabulary, reflecting a rudely familiar, sometimes humorous attitude to the subject of speech.

The emergence of jargons is associated with the desire of individual social groups to oppose themselves to society as a whole or to some of its groups, to fence themselves off from them, using language tools. In fact, jargon is a secret language, the purpose of which is to hide the meaning of what is being said from a stranger. One of the first described jargons in Russia was jargon of Old Believers-schismatics persecuted by the state and the church. They created the so-called "ofensky language", the secret language of merchants of petty goods, including schismatic books and icons.

Interacting with literary language, jargon through vernacular and colloquial style gives him a lot of his lexical wealth. So out professional language actors in the literary language came the words "to worry", "winning", in colloquial speech- "exciting" and "mood"; the bursaks supplemented the colloquial style with the commonly used words “dock”, “crib”, the expression “ate the dog”; gamblers - “rub glasses”, “go uphill”, “for furniture”; billiard players - "to be on a roll."

There are youth jargons - school and student ones, which are characterized by reversing the form and meaning of the word in order to create expressive, emotionally colored means: ancestors, spur, tail, cool, tin, get ...

About status youth jargon researchers argue. There is no doubt that younger generation- a specific social group that has reasons to invent a secret language. However, against the recognition of youth speech as jargon, firstly, the heterogeneity of the origin of its elements speaks: here are territorial dialectisms (Ryazan-Tambov-Vladimir "cool" in the meaning of "beautiful"), and foreign vocabulary ("farmason" - to speak in vain, "double "- toilet, "life" - life, "craze" - go crazy), and vulgarisms ("bazaar" - conversation, "nothing" - excellent, great, "loh" - a simpleton, a victim of deception). The second circumstance that does not allow us to speak of the speech of young people as jargon in the full sense of this concept is the very short life span of this language. Each generation significantly updates the vocabulary, and forty-year-olds most often do not understand twenty-year-olds at all. The only worrying thing is that the modern youth language is rapidly being criminalized: more and more more items young people draw vocabulary from criminal jargon. This process, unfortunately, reflects a general frightening trend.