The theme of the appointment of the poet and poetry in literature in in full revealed in the lyrics of the following poets:
- In the lyrics of A. Pushkin. Pushkin considered it his duty to sing freedom to the world, to defeat vice on thrones (ode "Liberty", 1817). He said that not everyone can be a poet, that it is very difficult life path(“To a Poet Friend”, 1814) that the poet is obliged to burn the hearts of people with a verb, serve his people and raise people to fight for truth and freedom (“Prophet”, 1828). He urged the poet to be free from the opinion of the crowd: You are your own supreme court(“To the Poet”, 1830) and compared himself to an echo that responds to all the sounds of life (“Echo”, 1831).
- In the lyrics of M. Lermontov. Following Pushkin, Lermontov recognizes the poet’s special mission, inspiring the people to fight for freedom (“The Prophet”, 1841), and compares the poet with a dagger: he must also be firm and unbending in serving his ideals (“Poet”, 1839).
- In the lyrics of N. Nekrasov. Nekrasov's muse descended from the poetic Olympus to city streets and rural arable land - he compared his muse with a young peasant woman ("Yesterday, at six o'clock", 1848). All his work is permeated with the thought: You may not be a poet, But you must be a citizen (“Poet and Citizen”, 1856).
- In the lyrics of V. Mayakovsky. Mayakovsky argued that today the poet's rhyme is a caress and a slogan, and a bayonet, and a whip. The poet's word heals and burns, so his duty is to roar like a copper-throated siren (“A Conversation with the Financial Inspector on Poetry”, 1926). In the poem "Out loud" (1930), he says that poetry is a weapon, and the poet is not the chosen one and the priest, but the performer of the very hard work(a sewer truck and a water carrier, mobilized and called up by the revolution), his word should not only convey the idea to the reader, but also excite, induce to immediate action - the construction of a new world.
- In the lyrics of A. Akhmatova. For Akhmatova, the process of composing poetry is a disease, languor: If only you knew from what rubbish / Poems grow without shame (“I don’t need anything odic ratis…”, 1940). She considers her main task to be writing poetry under the dictation of the muse, and this ability is bestowed on poets from above. Creation - thorny path where the poet encounters misunderstanding, deafness and blindness on the part of people. The purpose of the poet is to go alone and heal the blind (“We have the freshness of words and feelings of simplicity”, 1915).
An example of a poem dedicated to the topic poet and poetry “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands” by A.S. Pushkin. Let's try to analyze it briefly.
Subject. The poem is considered Pushkin's poetic testament. This is a hymn of poetry, which affirms high appointment poet and poetry. Introduced the theme of freedom: the monument ascended higher pillar of alexandria(symbol of royal power).
Composition. Consists of five stanzas. The 1st stanza affirms the significance miraculous monument. In the second - the immortality of art. The 3rd stanza is devoted to the theme of the wide posthumous glory of Pushkin himself. In the 4th stanza, the poet defines the essence of creativity. In the 5th - he is ready to accept fate, whatever it may be.
Means of artistic expression. The solemn sound is conveyed by the introduction of the anaphora (And every language that exists in it will call me. And the proud grandson of the Slavs, and Finn ...), the choice of sublime epithets (not made by hands, rebellious, cherished, sublunar). Lot
Slavicisms: erected, head, piit, until. The author uses only the past and future tense - he cannot evaluate himself in the present, hopes for the future and says what he did in the past.
In what works of Russian poets does the theme of creativity sound and in what way can these works be compared with A.S. Pushkin's poem "In the hours of fun or idle boredom"?
In hours of fun or idle boredom,
It used to be my lyre
Entrusted pampered sounds
Madness, laziness and passions.
But even then the strings of the evil one
Involuntarily, I interrupted the ringing,
When your voice is great
I was suddenly struck.
I shed streams of unexpected tears,
And the wounds of my conscience
Your fragrant speeches
The clean oil was rejoicing.
And now from a spiritual height
You extend your hand to me
And with the power of meek and loving
You subdue wild dreams.
Your soul burns with fire
Rejected the darkness of earthly vanities,
And listens to the harp of the seraphim
In sacred horror the poet.
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In their lyrical works many Russian poets sought to reflect the theme poetic creativity and inspiration.
So, we can meet a similar motive in N.A. Nekrasov’s poem “Oh, muse, I am at the door of the coffin ...” and in A.S. Pushkin’s poems “Prophet” and “In the hours of fun or idle boredom”.
In the poem "Oh, muse, I am at the door of the coffin ..." N.A. Nekrasov turns to his inspirer, summing up all his work. The author points out that even after his death, the muse will connect the hearts of people, giving eternal life works of the poet.
Comparing the poem with the lyrics of A.S. Pushkin (“In the hours of fun or idle boredom”), we can say that for the authors, an important "assistant" in creativity has become
The theme of the poet and poetry attracted many creators.
However, the significance of the poet in the world of art was not the same at all times. For example, in Ancient Russia it was very small: a person was considered a small, humble before God (the true Creator!) being, and in most cases the author's names were not preserved.
In the Age of Enlightenment, poets began to realize themselves as the chosen ones, the Creators, the idea of the immortality of their own creations and their own became more and more significant for them.
The theme of the poet and his work is firmly entrenched in the space of Russian classical literature. It is multifaceted and various aspects. This is the problem of the purpose of creativity, and the problem of the relationship between the poet and the crowd, the poet and the authorities, the problem of immortality and the greatness of the Word.
One way or another, many poets at least once, but touched on this topic in their work; it is impossible to cover it in full, we will dwell only on more significant names.
The theme of the poet and poetry is reflected in the work of A.S. Pushkin. The poem "The Prophet" is named so for a reason, because in it Pushkin writes about the poet as a prophet, who is led by the Lord himself, he fulfills the will of the Creator, this is his destiny. From above, the poet was given the power to “burn the hearts of people with a verb,” in other words, to boldly tell people the bitter truth. In the work “The Poet”, Alexander Sergeevich affirms the idea of the insignificance of the poet’s life in the absence of inspiration (“Among the children of the insignificant world, perhaps he is the most insignificant of all ...”), but, as soon as “ divine verb touches the sensitive ear”, the poet rises above the crowd, above the mob. In the poem "The Poet and the Crowd", Pushkin, in relation to the townsfolk, allows such expressions as "stupid mob", "senseless people" and "worm of the earth", thereby even more exalting the image of the poet-creator. The Creator, as it were, is separated from the people, he is alone because of his chosen one.
Another poet who also addressed the theme of the poet and poetry was M.Yu. Lermontov. His "Prophet" is, as it were, a continuation of Pushkin's "Prophet". However, if in the last poem the poet-prophet is lonely because of the greatness of his wisdom and the mission of being chosen, then the loneliness of the Lermontov prophet is explained by his pride and contempt for others. The poet became not the chosen one, but an outcast in society ("Look how naked and poor he is, how everyone despise him!"). In Pushkin, the prophet “dragged in the gloomy desert”, and, having gained a gift, he went to do the will of God, while in Lermontov, the prophet runs back “through the noisy city” to this desert inner world- a world of resentment and contempt.
N.A. Nekrasov in the poem "Elegy" (1876) also considers the problem of the relationship between the poet and the people, but if Pushkin and Lermontov contrasted the creator with the crowd, then Nikolai Alekseevich writes that the poet has one goal - serving the people ("I dedicated the lyre to his people…”). And until the people are happy, the poet will pursue this goal. Nekrasov approves values civil poetry, he writes about the union of the people and the poet, about the theme of the civil service of art (“You may not be a poet, but you must be a citizen” (“Poet and Citizen”)).
Another poet, in whose verses the theme of the poet and poetry is revealed, was A.A. Fet. In his work “With one push to drive the living boat ...” he writes about the poet as a chosen one with a gift that distinguishes him from other people. However, in Fet's poem there is no opposition of the poet to the crowd, as in Pushkin, there are no words about the unification of the poet and the people, as in Nekrasov, and the poet is not at all proud and lonely because of his chosenness, as in Lermontov. Fet writes only about poetry as a gift given from above, he depicts the moment of the descent of this gift to the poet and describes what the creator himself feels at this moment - the unheard-of power of the word that affects the human soul:
Whisper about what tongue goes numb,
Strengthen the fight of fearless hearts -
That's what the singer only the chosen one owns,
That is his sign and crown.
In Fet's work, the poet enjoys the ability to feel life in its entirety thanks to his gift.
Vorokhobko Varvara, 11th grade, 2013
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C4, C5. The theme of the poet and poetry in the work of A.A. Blok and M.I. Tsvetaeva (essay)
Comprehending his mission, the poet reflects on himself and his fate, on the power and meaning of the word in the context of not only own life, but at least literary process of their time or even culture in general.
"The poet goes far away..."
Meanings fill the consciousness, and many poets decide for themselves what will become their dominant theme, trying to determine the path of their development, the notorious creative evolution.
"The poet - far leads the speech ..."
Positions converge and diverge, literary criticism develops along with literature itself, and the problematic of the relationship between the poet and the crowd, the poet and criticism is exacerbated.
The 20th century opened up a new, qualitatively different understanding of poetry: Nekrasov's postulate "You may not be a poet, but you must be a citizen" is rejected, like many trends of the 19th century. “A poet in exile and doubt at the crossroads of two roads,” writes Blok. The fate of the new prophet is unknown - "what do you want, where to go?". Rhetorical questions and lexical repetition (“in exile and in doubt”) emphasize the intensity of the search for an answer to the question about the path of the poet, which follows: but - “he will see the distance”. What is it? To create - for the sake of the word itself, which becomes a symbol and, therefore, meaning, to create, connecting oneself with the heavenly world, the world of the great Creator and its laws - this is a new one, but in reality old idea with a long tradition in culture.
The opposition "poet - crowd" is presented in Blok's poem "Poets" (1908), where we are talking about the opposition of the world of the artist, the poet to the values of the philistine. On the "sorrowful earth" it is dreary for everyone, and "wine and passion" are the realities of both worlds. However - "at least, the poet has both braids, and clouds, and a golden meadow, but all this is inaccessible to you!"
The sarcastic address "dear reader" allows us to draw a parallel with the "newspaper reader" Tsvetaeva. “Void swallowers, newspaper readers” is another appeal to the crowd.
Tsvetaeva devoted many poems to the relationship between the poet and the crowd. In the poem "The Pied Piper", based on a German legend, the conflict between the poet and the bourgeoisie is revealed. In her we will also meet the theme of the fate of the poet and his chosenness - "poetic eclipses are not foreseen by the calendar", . Her attitude to fame was in a short “Why do I need this?”. However, the fate of poetry is more important, dearer, more significant, and therefore, back in 1913, she writes: “My poems, like precious wines, will have their turn,” referring to another traditional theme - the immortality of the poetic word.
Tsvetaeva wrote more than once that poems come true - terrible, portending evil symbols. And yet - "God preserves everything, especially the words of forgiveness and love, as his own voice."
Inspiration is “breathing in a moment with a dumb soul”, “a path not foreseen by the calendar”, thirst, “dependence”, as in Nobel lecture Brodsky wrote. The theme of inspiration - a mysterious moment, irrationally incomprehensible in the process of creativity, attracted these poets.
Where in its "production of meanings" will the speech of today's young poets lead, how the word will be refracted in the understanding of poets - God knows ...
Because - "The poet - far leads the speech ..."
Pashina Olga Grade 11, 2013
The theme of the poet and poetry runs through all the work of A. S. Pushkin, getting over the years different interpretation reflecting the changes taking place in the worldview of the poet.
It is significant that in his first printed work, the message "To a Poet Friend" (1814), Pushkin says that not everyone can be a real poet:
Arist, not the poet who knows how to weave rhymes
And, creaking with feathers, he does not spare paper.
good verses not easy to write...
And the fate prepared for a true poet is not easy, and his path is thorny:
Fate has not given them any marble chambers,
Chests full of pure gold.
A shack underground, high lofts -
Behold, their palaces are magnificent, their halls are magnificent ...
Their life is a series of sorrows...
The image of a state-owned “gloomy rhymer” (“To Galich”, 1815), “a boring preacher” (“To My Aristarchus”, 1815) is alien to Pushkin the lyceum student, and the image of a freedom-loving poet-thinker, a fiery-severe exposer of vices is sweet:
I want to sing freedom to the world
On thrones to strike vice...
In the poem "The Conversation of a Bookseller with a Poet" (1824), the poet and the bookseller express their attitude towards poetry in the form of a dialogue. The author's view of literature and poetry is somewhat mundane here. There is a new understanding of the tasks of poetry. The hero of the poem, the poet, speaks of poetry that brings "fiery delight" to the soul. He chooses spiritual and poetic freedom. But the bookseller says:
Our age of trade; in this age of iron
There is no freedom without money.
Both the bookseller and the poet are right in their own way: the laws of life have extended to the "sacred" realm of poetry. And the poet is quite satisfied with the position that the bookseller offers him:
Inspiration is not for sale
But you can sell the manuscript.
Pushkin considers his work-poetry not only as a "brainchild" of inspiration, but also as a means of subsistence. However, to the question of the bookseller: “What will you choose?” - the poet answers: "Freedom." Gradually comes the understanding that no political freedom is possible without inner freedom and that only spiritual harmony will make a person feel independent.
After the massacre of the Decembrists, Pushkin wrote the poem "Prophet" (1826). The mission of the prophet is beautiful and terrible at the same time: "Burn the hearts of people with the verb." It is impossible to cleanse the world of filth without suffering. The poet is a chosen one, a seer and a teacher, called to serve his people, to be prophetic, wise, to raise people to fight for truth and freedom. The motive of being chosen sounds especially strong here. The poet stands out total weight. He is taller than her. But this chosenness is bought by the torments of creativity, at the cost of great suffering. And only "God's voice" gives the hero his great way.
The process of human transformation is nothing but the birth of a poet. "The eyes of the prophets were opened" in order to see the world, "the sting of the wise snake" is given instead of the tongue, and instead of the quivering heart - "coal burning with fire." But this is not enough to become the chosen one. Need more high goal, the idea in the name of which the poet creates and which animates, gives meaning to everything that he so sensitively hears and sees. "God's voice" commands to "burn the hearts of people" with a poetic word, showing the true truth of life:
Arise, prophet, and see, and listen,
Fulfill my will
And, bypassing the seas and lands,
Burn people's hearts with the verb.
The poem has allegorical meaning, but in this case the poet affirms the divine nature of poetry, which means that the poet bears responsibility only before the Creator.
In the poem "The Poet" (1827), the motive of the divine election of the poet also appears. And when inspiration descends, “the divine verb touches the sensitive ear”, the poet feels his chosenness, the vain amusements of the world become alien to him:
He runs, wild and stern,
And full of sounds and confusion,
To the shores desert waves,
In the noisy oak forests...
In the poems “To the Poet”, “The Poet and the Crowd”, Pushkin proclaims the idea of freedom and independence of the poet from the “crowd”, “mob”, meaning by these words “secular mob”, people who are deeply indifferent to true poetry. The crowd does not see any benefit in the work of the poet, because it does not bring any wealth:
Like the wind, its song is free,
But like the wind it is barren:
What use is it to us?
This attitude of the "uninitiated" crowd irritates the poet, and he contemptuously throws to the crowd:
Shut up you stupid people
Laborer, slave of need, worries!
I can't bear your impudent murmur,
You are a worm of the earth, not a son of heaven...
……………………………………
Go away - what's the matter
The peaceful poet is up to you!
In debauchery boldly stone,
The voice of the lyre will not revive you!
Poetry is the lot of the elite:
We are born to inspire
For sweet sounds and prayers.
This is how Pushkin formulates the goal in whose name the poet comes into the world. "Sweet sounds" and "prayers", beauty and God - these are the guidelines that guide him through life.
The poem "To the Poet" (1830) is imbued with the same mood. Pushkin calls on the poet to be free from the opinion of the crowd, which will never understand the chosen one:
Poet! do not value the love of the people.
Enthusiastic praise will pass a moment's noise;
Hear the judgment of a fool and the laughter of the cold crowd,
But you remain firm, calm and gloomy.
Pushkin urges the poet to be demanding of his work:
You are your own highest court;
You know how to evaluate your work more strictly ...
Reflecting on the purpose of poetry in the fate of the poet, Pushkin compares himself with an echo (poem "Echo", 1831). The echo responds to all the sounds of life, it, like the poet, is in love with the world:
For every sound
Your response in the empty air
You suddenly give birth.
In these words one can hear the readiness to accept the world in all its manifestations, even when "there is no response." For a poet, the main thing is service eternal values: goodness, freedom, mercy, and not the whims of the "crowd" and "mob".
This is exactly what Pushkin writes about in the poem “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands ...” (1836):
And for a long time I will be kind to the people,
That I aroused good feelings with lyre,
That in my cruel age I glorified Freedom
And he called for mercy on the fallen.
Pushkin in this poem puts poetry above the glory of kings and generals, for it is closer to God:
By the command of God, O muse, be obedient.
Man is mortal, but the creations of his spirit acquire eternal life:
No, all of me will not die - the soul is in the cherished lyre
My ashes will survive and decay will flee.
The subject of Pushkin's poetry has always been life itself. In his poems we will find everything: both real portraits of time, and philosophical reflections on the main issues of being, and the eternal change of nature, and movement human soul. Pushkin was more than a famous world poet. He was a historian, philosopher, literary critic, great person representing an era.
The life of the poet in the lyrics is seen "through the magic crystal" of the beautiful and humane. The measure of beauty for him was in life itself, in its harmony. Pushkin felt and understood how unhappy a person is who has not managed to build his life according to the laws of beauty. The poet’s philosophical thoughts about the meaning and purpose of existence, about life and death, about good and evil are heard in the poems “Do I wander along the noisy streets ...” (1829), “The Cart of Life” (1823), “Anchar” (1828) , "Scene from Faust" (1825), "Oh no, I'm not tired of life ..." and others. The poet is haunted by inevitable sadness and melancholy (“ Winter road”), tormented by spiritual dissatisfaction (“Remembrance”, 1828; “Crazy Years Faded Joy”, 1830), terrified by the premonition of impending troubles (“Premonition”, 1828).
But all these hardships did not lead to despair and hopelessness. In the poem "On the hills of Georgia lies night haze..." the poet says:
My sadness is light.
In the poem "Elegy" (1830), the tragic notes of the first part
My path is sad
Promises me labor and sorrow
The coming exciting sea...
are replaced by a rush to life no matter what:
But I do not want, oh my friends, to die,
I want to live in order to think and suffer.
The poem "To Chaadaev" (1818) reflects Pushkin's dreams of changes in Russia:
Russia will wake up from sleep
And on the ruins of autocracy
Write our names!
The theme of the infinity of being and the continuity of generations, the indissoluble connection of the past, present and future sounds in the poem "... Again I visited ..." (1835), which Pushkin wrote during his last visit to Mikhailovskoye. Contemplation of native places, Russian nature gives rise to memories in him and sets him up for philosophical reflection. The sight of three pines, "a young family", "a young, unfamiliar tribe", inspired Pushkin's thoughts about the eternity of being. This is not only the joy of the eternal renewal of life, but also the confidence that a person has been given a rebirth in the next generations. In the lyrics of the 30s, when creative forces reached the poet the heyday, experiences lyrical hero Pushkin became especially diverse: heartache and bright insight, the pain of loneliness and thoughts about a poetic vocation, enjoyment of nature and moral and philosophical quest. But the lyrics recent years pervades sadness:
I can't sleep, there's no fire;
Everywhere is darkness and a tedious dream.
The movement of the clock is only monotonous
Resounds near me...
But the poet does not give in to despondency and finds support in “cherishing the soul of humanity”, seeing in it a manifestation of universal humanity. life experience:
hello tribe.
Young, unfamiliar! not me
I will see your mighty late age,
When you outgrow my friends
And you will cover the old head
From the eyes of a passerby. But let my grandson
Hear your hello noise...
Pushkin was not only brilliant poet, but also mature man, a citizen endowed with the breadth of philosophical, sober political and concrete historical thinking.
Landscape lyrics take important place in poetic world A. S. Pushkin. He was the first Russian poet who not only knew and loved beautiful world nature, but also revealed its beauty to readers.
Poetry for Pushkin is not only a merger with the natural world, but also complete harmony, dissolved in the "eternal beauty" of this world. It is nature in its eternal cycle that creates the artist himself. In his poems, the poet is as polyphonic and complex as nature. To romantic works A. S. Pushkin, containing pictures of nature, include such poems as “The mighty ridge of clouds is thinning”, “The daylight...", "To the sea" and others. In the poem "The daylight went out" (1820), the poet conveys the sad state of mind of the lyrical hero, striving in his memoirs to "the sad shores of the foggy homeland." The dusk of the evening turned the sea into a "gloomy ocean", which evokes sadness, melancholy and does not heal "the wounds of the former heart."
And in the poem "To the Sea" (1824), the poet draws the "solemn beauty" of the sea, inspiring the poet:
How I loved your reviews
Deaf sounds, abyss voice,
And silence in the evening
And wayward impulses!
The free element of the sea is opposed by the “boring, motionless shore”. The element of the sea personified the freedom that Pushkin was an adherent of. Saying goodbye to the "free element", the poet takes an oath of allegiance to her:
Farewell, sea! I won't forget
yours solemn beauty
And for a long, long time I will hear
Your rumble in the evening hours...
The poem "Winter Morning" (1829) reflects the harmony of the state of nature and the mood of man. When in the evening the “blizzard was angry”, the poet’s girlfriend “sat sad”, but with a change in the weather, the mood also changes. Here Pushkin paints a wonderful picture winter morning:
Under blue skies
splendid carpets,
Glittering in the sun snow lies,
The transparent forest alone turns black,
And the spruce turns green through the frost,
And the river under the ice glitters.
A. S. Pushkin was a real poetic painter of nature, he perceived it with the keen eye of an artist and subtle hearing musician. In the poem "Autumn" (1833), A. S. Pushkin is polyphonic and complex, like nature itself. The poet does not like the seasons, which seem to him monotonous, monotonous. But each line, creating the image of the favorite season - autumn, is filled with love and admiration:
sad time! oh charm!
I like your farewell beauty -
I love magnificent nature wilting,
Forests clad in crimson and gold...
To the poet, autumn is sweet "with its quiet beauty, shining humbly", "from the annual seasons, he is glad only for her alone." In autumn, the poet experiences an upsurge of spiritual, physical and poetic strength:
And I forget the world - and in sweet silence
I am sweetly lulled by my imagination,
And poetry awakens in me...
……………………………………………
And the thoughts in my head are worried in courage,
And light rhymes run towards them,
And fingers ask for a pen, pen for paper,
A minute - and the verses will flow freely.
“A short day goes out,” but “poetry awakens.” "Poetry awakens" only when the poet himself is "full of life."
A. S. Pushkin wrote the poem “... Again I visited ...” (1835) during his last visit to Mikhailovskoye. Contemplation of familiar, native places of Russian nature gives rise to memories in him and sets him up for philosophical reflection. He paints a real landscape of Mikhailovsky, but not for the sake of details, but to prepare the reader for the perception of his thoughts. Nature inspired the poet to write this poem, inspired Pushkin's thoughts about the eternity of being.
The poet addresses his descendants with hope, with faith in their best destiny. He bequeaths to them those noble aspirations, lofty ideals, to the service of which life was dedicated. the best minds his generation. And the end of the poem opens with a stanza in which joy sounds:
hello tribe.
Young, unfamiliar!
The poet's appeal to fresh pine growth passes the baton of memories - this "connection of times" - to future generations.
The poem "... Again I visited ..." is permeated with a sense of connection different eras human life, generations, nature and man.
Pushkin contributed to the development of the theme of the poet and poetry, traditional for European literature. This important topic runs through all his work. Already the first published poem "To a friend of the poet" contained reflections on the purpose of the poet. According to the young Pushkin, the gift of writing poetry is not given to every person:
Arist, not the poet who knows how to weave rhymes
And, creaking with feathers, he does not spare paper.
Good poetry is not easy to write...
Appeal to the theme of the poet and poetry at the very beginning creative way testifies to the seriousness of Pushkin's approach to writing. From the first steps, he felt responsible for what he wanted to say to readers. AT early poem"To Galich" Pushkin criticizes gloomy court poets, and in the poem "To My Aristarchus" he criticizes "boring preachers." He himself dreams of the role of an accuser of vices, about which he writes in the ode "Liberty":
I want to sing freedom to the world
On the thrones to strike vice ...
Young Pushkin was sure that he could influence society and even the behavior of monarchs through poetry. The poems of this period are optimistic and full of energy. In the poem "To Chaadaev", the poet passionately dreams of dedicating "souls" to his homeland beautiful impulses", to be useful to her. The "autocracy" of the kings is contrary to his freedom-loving nature, the author is sure that the unjust government will soon collapse. The poet expresses the hope for the soon liberation of the peasants from the "wild slavery" in the poem "Village".
As he grew older, Pushkin's views on the role of the poet and poetry changed significantly. A new attitude to poetry sounds in the poem "The Conversation of a Bookseller with a Poet". This poem is built in the form of a dialogue between a bookseller and a poet. The poet wants to create freely, to receive "fiery delight" from the process of creating poems, but the seller cools his impulses, declaring: "... in this age of iron / There is no freedom without money." Yes, the poet is a creator, but he is a living person. The poet agrees with the seller's statement: "Inspiration is not for sale, / But you can sell the manuscript." Poetry is hard work and can be seen as a means of subsistence. The problem is that a poet can create only in conditions of personal freedom. Only the freedom of the soul gives a person independence.
In the poem "The Prophet" Pushkin argues that society needs a poet-prophet, strong and wise, who could "burn people's hearts with a verb." In this poem, the motif of the poet's election sounds. A peaceful poet giving advice to the authorities is no longer needed. We need a fiery fighter. "Six-winged seraph" miraculously changes the poet, turning his heart into "coal burning with fire", and his tongue into "the sting of a wise snake." Having become a prophet, the poet must fulfill the will of God.
According to Pushkin, the poet must, like a priest, serve his art. Talent is from God. The poet should not pay attention to the judgments of the crowd, which does not understand the value of poetry. In the poem "Poet" Pushkin again points to God's chosenness of a real poet, who is alien to the vanity and spiritual emptiness of the nobles of high society. At first glance, the poet is the same as everyone else, but the ability to write poetry elevates him above the crowd.
The conversation about relations with the crowd continues in the poems "To the Poet" and "The Poet and the Crowd". "Secular mob", soulless people who understand only profit, tell the poet that there is no benefit from his poems, the lines of his poetry are just wind. In annoyance, the poet exclaims:
Go away - what's the matter
The peaceful poet is up to you!
In debauchery boldly stone,
The voice of the lyre will not revive you!
Pushkin urges poets "not to cherish the love of the people." The noise of praise will pass, but the responsibility for one's creativity will remain. The main thing is not to change the ideals of freedom and beauty.
In the poem "I erected a monument to myself not made by hands ..." Pushkin puts poetry on the very high step. He believes that art is above the power of kings, since God gives talent and inspiration. The poet is sure that poetry is immortal, which means that his name will outlive him and be preserved for centuries.
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The talented Russian poet F. Tyutchev was a man who knew how to love deeply, passionately and devotedly. In Tyutchev's understanding, love is a "fatal duel": both the merging of souls and their confrontation. The poet's poems about love are full of drama: Oh, how deadly we love, As in the violent blindness of passions, We most likely destroy everything, What is dear to our heart! Tyutchev has a storm of feelings in his verses, he describes love in all its variety of manifestations. The poet believed that true love - The theme of the Motherland, patriotism and citizenship in the poetry of A. A. Akhmatova
During the life of Anna Akhmatova came greatest wars in the history of mankind. When did the first World War, her husband, N. Gumilyov, volunteered to go to the front. Akhmatova understood the full horror of the war, so her poetry in those years has an anti-war character. The poems "Consolation" and "Prayer" testify to this. Women could only pray: Give me the bitter years of illness, Suffocation, insomnia, fever, Take away both the child and the friend, And the mysterious song gift - So I pray for your liturgy After so many agonizing - Themes of love, art, religion in the poem by V. V. Mayakovsky "A Cloud in Pants"
The reason for the creation of the poem "A cloud in pants" was the tragic experiences of a personal nature. Mayakovsky defined the meaning and main idea of his work in the preface to the first edition of the book (1918). The poet, in his characteristic manner, expresses the essence of the content of the four parts of the poem as follows: "Down with your love!", "Down with your art!", "Down with your order!", "Down with your religion!". In the first part of the poem, many themes of the lyrics were embodied early Mayakovsky. This is both the opposition of the poet to the psychology of "fat", and the lyrical - Freedom-loving lyrics by A. S. Pushkin
Pushkin happened to live in an era when, after the victory over Napoleon's army, new, freedom-loving trends arose in Russia. Progressive people believed that slavery should not exist in a victorious country that liberated the world from invaders. Pushkin warmly embraced the ideas of freedom even at the Lyceum. Reading the works of the French enlighteners of the 18th century, the works of Radishchev only strengthened the ideological positions of the future poet. Lyceum poems by Pushkin were saturated with the pathos of freedom. In the poem "Licinius" the poet exclaims: "Rome grew by freedom, and by slavery - The theme of the motherland in the poetry of F. I. Tyutchev
The great Russian poet Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev left to his descendants a rich creative legacy. He lived in an era when Pushkin, Zhukovsky, Nekrasov, Tolstoy worked. Contemporaries considered Tyutchev the smartest, most educated person of his time, they called him "a real European." From the age of eighteen, the poet lived and studied in Europe. Tyutchev for long life witnessed many historical events in Russian and European history: war with Napoleon, revolutions in Europe, Polish uprising, Crimean War, the abolition of serfdom in Russia and - The motives of the tragic loneliness of V. V. Mayakovsky
Vladimir Mayakovsky is often called the "poet-tribune". However, it is wrong to reduce Mayakovsky's poetry only to propaganda and oratorical poems, since it also contains intimate love confessions, tragedy, a feeling of sadness and philosophical reflections about love. Behind the outward rudeness of Mayakovsky's lyrical hero lies a vulnerable and tender heart. From the very first poems ("From fatigue", the cycle "I" and others), Mayakovsky sounds the motive of the tragic loneliness of a person in the world: Earth! - The theme of the motherland in the poetry of S. Yesenin (Second version)
The best part Yesenin's creativity is connected with the village. The birthplace of Sergei Yesenin was the village of Konstantinovo, Ryazan province. The middle, the heart of Russia, gave the world a wonderful poet. The ever-changing nature, the colorful local dialect of the peasants, old traditions, songs and fairy tales from the cradle entered the consciousness of the future poet. Yesenin claimed: "My lyrics are alive alone big love, love for the motherland. The feeling of the motherland is the main thing in my work. "It was Yesenin who managed to create in Russian lyrics the image of a village at the end of the 19th
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