Society for the Study of Interplanetary Communications- the world's first association of enthusiasts of rocket technology and space flights. Created June 20, 1924 in Moscow.
AT last days In May 1924, posters were posted on the streets of Moscow, which attracted the attention of almost every passer-by. And no wonder: the first thing that caught your eye on this poster was the words: "Interplanetary travel." It was an announcement about the report of M. Ya. Lapirov-Skoblo. After the lecture by M. Ya. Lapirov-Skoblo, the entry into the membership of the Society was made. Nearly 200 people signed up. Some of the sheets on which the recording was made have been preserved. Here are the data on 121 registered: men - 104, women - 17.
They were distributed according to age as follows:
Less than 20 years - 22 people 20 to 30 - 68 30 to 40 - 20 40 to 50 - 6 over 50 - 5
By occupation, the members of the Society were:
Students (mostly from higher educational institutions) - 53 employees and workers - 43 scientists- 14 writers - 6 scientists and inventors - 5
It is quite natural that more than half of those who signed up were young people - workers, students, etc. It was young enthusiasts, supported by scientists - enthusiasts of the same kind - who launched work in the new Society.
On June 20, the first (organizational) meeting of the Society was held, which marked the beginning of its existence. In a small hall crowded to overflowing astronomical observatory Moscow department public education gathered about 200 people united by the thought of achieving great purpose- interplanetary communications. At the presidium table, three slender, fit young men in the form of pilots are talking animatedly with each other. These are V.P. Kapersky, M.G. Leiteizen and M.A. Rezunov.
In solidarity with the discoveries of K. E. Tsiolkovsky, which have great value and paying tribute to him great merit, the chairman proposes to elect him an honorary member of the Society. The proposal is accepted with enthusiasm.
The main activities of the society should be: research work; an association of citizens of the USSR "working in the field of studying interplanetary communications or leading scientific development related to this area”, collecting information about ongoing research abroad in this area.
In addition, the Society sets itself the task of disseminating among the broad masses of correct information about state of the art all aspects of the question connected with the study of interplanetary communications. To do this, the Society plans to organize lectures, reports, exhibitions, create libraries, publish popular and scientific literature both original and translated.
Having adopted the statute, general meeting elected governing body consisting of seven people: F. A. Zander, M. G. Leiteizen, V. P. Kapersky, M. A. Rezunov, V. I. Chernov, M. G. Serebrennikov and G. M. Kramarov.
Kramarov was elected Chairman of the Society.
At the same time, the book kiosk of the Society was also opened.
On June 23, the first board meeting took place. Sections were created on it: research (reactive) consisting of A.F. Tsander, M.G. Leiteizen and M.A. Rezunov, popular science (its members were responsible for organizing reports and lectures at enterprises, in institutions , educational institutions etc. - M. G. Serebrennikov and G. M. Kramarov) and literary (she was supposed to publish the journal of the Society and develop the script for a film about interplanetary flights - V. P. Kapersky and V. I. Chernov).
In the last days of May 1924, posters were posted on the streets of Moscow, which attracted the attention of almost every passer-by. And no wonder: the first thing that caught your eye on this poster was the words: "Interplanetary travel." It was an announcement about the report of M. Ya. Lapirov-Skoblo. After the lecture by M. Ya. Lapirov-Skoblo, the entry into the membership of the Society was made. Nearly 200 people signed up. Some of the sheets on which the recording was made have been preserved. Here are the data on 121 registered: men - 104, women - 17.
They were distributed according to age as follows:
Less than 20 years - 22 people 20 to 30 - 68 30 to 40 - 20 40 to 50 - 6 over 50 - 5
By occupation, the members of the Society were:
Students (mostly from higher educational institutions) - 53 employees and workers - 43 scientists - 14 writers - 6 scientists and inventors - 5
It is quite natural that more than half of those who signed up were young people - workers, students, etc. It was young enthusiasts, supported by scientists - enthusiasts of the same kind - who launched work in the new Society.
On June 20, the first (organizational) meeting of the Society was held, which marked the beginning of its existence. About 200 people gathered in the small hall of the astronomical observatory of the Moscow Department of Public Education, overcrowded to overflowing, united by the thought of achieving a great goal - interplanetary communications. At the presidium table, three slender, fit young men in the form of pilots are talking animatedly with each other. These are V.P. Kapersky, M.G. Leiteizen and M.A. Rezunov.
In solidarity with the discoveries of K. E. Tsiolkovsky, which are of great importance, and paying tribute to his great merits, the chairman proposes to elect him an honorary member of the Society. The proposal is accepted with enthusiasm.
The main activities of the society should be: research work; an association of citizens of the USSR "working in the field of studying interplanetary communications or conducting scientific development of issues related to this area", collecting information about research conducted abroad in this area.
In addition, the Society sets itself the task of disseminating among the broad masses of correct information about the current state of all aspects of the issue related to the study of interplanetary communications. To this end, the Society plans to organize lectures, reports, exhibitions, create libraries, publish popular and scientific literature, both original and translated.
Having adopted the Charter, the general meeting elected a governing body consisting of seven people: F. A. Zander, M. G. Leiteizen, V. P. Kapersky, M. A. Rezunov, V. I. Chernov, M. G. Serebrennikov and G M. Kramarova.
Kramarov was elected Chairman of the Society.
At the same time, the book kiosk of the Society was also opened.
On June 23, the first board meeting took place. Sections were created on it: research (reactive) consisting of A.F. Tsander, M.G. Leiteizen and M.A. Rezunov, popular science (its members were responsible for organizing reports and lectures at enterprises, in institutions , educational institutions, etc. - M. G. Serebrennikov and G. M. Kramarov) and literary (she was supposed to publish the journal of the Society and develop a script for a film about interplanetary flights - V. P. Kapersky and V. I. Chernov ).
The Society broke up in 1925.
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Notes
Literature
- G. Kramarov. At the dawn of astronautics. Publisher: M.: "3NANIE", 1965.
- From the history of aviation and astronautics. M., 1974. Issue. 22. P.75-82.
Links
- - article on the website of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation
- in the book: Arlazorov M.S. Tsiolkovsky. Moscow: Young guard, 1963.
An excerpt characterizing the Society for the Study of Interplanetary Communications
- There he is! - said Boris, who heard that Rostov needed his highness, instead of his majesty.And he pointed out to him the Grand Duke, who, a hundred paces from them, in a helmet and a cavalry guard coat, with his raised shoulders and furrowed eyebrows, was shouting something to an Austrian white and pale officer.
- Yes, it is Grand Duke, and to me to the commander-in-chief or to the sovereign, ”said Rostov and touched the horse.
- Count, Count! Berg shouted, as animated as Boris, running up from the other side, “Count, I’m in right hand wounded (he said, showing his hand, bloodied, tied with a handkerchief) and remained in the front. Count, I hold a sword in my left hand: in our breed of von Berg, Count, all were knights.
Berg said something else, but Rostov, without listening to the end, had already gone on.
Having passed the guards and an empty gap, Rostov, in order not to fall back into the first line, as he fell under the attack of the cavalry guards, rode along the line of reserves, going far around the place where the hottest shooting and cannonade was heard. Suddenly, in front of him and behind our troops, in a place where he could not in any way suspect the enemy, he heard close gunfire.
"What could it be? thought Rostov. - Is the enemy in the rear of our troops? It can’t be, thought Rostov, and the horror of fear for himself and for the outcome of the whole battle suddenly came over him. “Whatever it is, though,” he thought, “there is nothing to go around now. I must look for the commander-in-chief here, and if everything is lost, then it is my business to die together with everyone.
The bad feeling that suddenly came over Rostov was confirmed more and more the farther he drove into the space occupied by crowds of heterogeneous troops, located outside the village of Prats.
- What? What? Who are they shooting at? Who is shooting? Rostov asked, leveling with the Russian and Austrian soldiers, who fled in mixed crowds to cut across his roads.
"The devil knows?" Beat everyone! Get lost everything! - Answered him in Russian, German and Czech crowds fleeing and not understanding exactly the same as he did what was happening here.
- Beat the Germans! one shouted.
- And the devil take them, - traitors.
- Zum Henker diese Ruesen ... [To hell with these Russians ...] - the German grumbled something.
Several wounded were walking along the road. Curses, screams, groans merged into one common rumble. The shooting died down and, as Rostov later found out, Russian and Austrian soldiers were shooting at each other.
"My God! what is it? thought Rostov. “And here, where at any moment the sovereign can see them… But no, it’s true, these are just a few scoundrels. This will pass, this is not it, this cannot be, he thought. “Just hurry, hurry through them!”
The thought of defeat and flight could not enter Rostov's head. Although he had seen French guns and troops precisely on the Pracen Hill, on the very one where he was ordered to look for the commander in chief, he could not and did not want to believe this.
Near the village of Pratsa, Rostov was ordered to look for Kutuzov and the sovereign. But not only were they not here, but there was not a single commander, but there were heterogeneous crowds of disordered troops.
He urged on his already tired horse in order to quickly pass these crowds, but the farther he moved, the more upset the crowds became. By high road, on which he left, carriages, carriages of all kinds, Russian and Austrian soldiers, of all branches of the military, wounded and unwounded, crowded. All this buzzed and swarmed mixedly to the gloomy sound of flying cannonballs from the French batteries placed on the Pracen Heights.
- Where is the Emperor? where is Kutuzov? - Rostov asked everyone he could stop, and could not get an answer from anyone.
Finally, grabbing the soldier by the collar, he forced him to answer himself.
- E! brother! Everyone has been there for a long time, forward fled! - the soldier said to Rostov, laughing at something and breaking free.
Leaving this soldier, who was obviously drunk, Rostov stopped the horse of the batman or the caretaker of an important person and began to question him. The batman announced to Rostov that an hour ago the sovereign had been driven at full speed in a carriage along this very road, and that the sovereign was dangerously wounded.
AT it included more than 120 people: men - 104, women - 17. The society had sections: research (reactive) consisting of A.F. Zander, M.G. Leiteizen and M.A. Rezunov, popular science (the responsibility of its members included the organization reports and lectures at enterprises, institutions, educational institutions, etc. - M. G. Serebrennikov and G. M. Kramarov) and literary (publishing the journal of the Society and developing a script for a film about interplanetary flights - V. P. Kapersky and V. I. Chernov).
Prince Alexander Chernyshev
During the time of Napoleon, he was sent to Paris on a special mission. At that time, on the idea of the Minister of War Mikhail Bogdanovich BARKLAY de TOLLI, a Special Chancellery was created - a special body of the Russian foreign intelligence. To the capitals European states the first seven of its employees were sent in order to obtain secret information about the plans of NAOLEONA and neutralize the actions of its agents. Chernyshev got Paris. He became closely acquainted with Napoleon's sisters, thanks to them, entered the emperor's entourage and even received from him the Order of the Legion of Honor. Meanwhile, Chernyshev created agent network and brought her work to such a level, that often copies of documents prepared for Napoleon used to be in the hands of our resident than the originals came to the emperor. To the start of the campaign 1812 Russian intelligence not only found out Napoleon's plans, but also misled him about the prospects for the activities of the Russian troops.
Subsequently, becoming Minister of War, Chernyshev continued improve work in external intelligence. The last position of the prince-scout - chairman State Council. In this post, he died.
Interplanetary Society
Died freeing hostages
On June 20, 1994, after receiving serious injuries during the release of hostages, Alexander Alekseevich Sergeev died.
Squad leader special purpose Directorate for the Execution of Punishments of the Internal Affairs Directorate Penza region, major internal service, he was born on March 28, 1955 in Penza. Russian. He studied at school number 23 in the city of Penza. In 1982 he graduated from the Penza Polytechnic Institute.
In the service in the internal affairs bodies since September 1982 in the direction labor collective Penza production association "Era". For six years he worked as an ATC instructor in educational work, in August 1988 he was nominated to the administration of corrective labor institutions.
In July 1991, he was appointed commander of the newly created special-purpose detachment of the Department for the Execution of Punishments of the Internal Affairs Directorate of the Penza Region. Colleagues characterized him as a man who was fanatical about duty.
On June 17, 1994, during the release of the hostages, he received severe wounds. Three days later he died in the hospital.
Decree of the President Russian Federation dated November 25, 1994 No. 2118, for the courage and heroism shown, Major of the Internal Service Alexander Alekseevich Sergeev was awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation posthumously.
He was buried at the New Western Cemetery in Penza. A monument has been erected on the grave. In 1998, school No. 23 in the city of Penza was named after the Hero and a museum was opened. In 2001 in training center penitentiary system based on penal colony No. 5 open bust.
Flight of the Anglo-French
It happened during Crimean War but in the Baltic. The European aggressors decided to attack Kronstadt simultaneously with the attack on Sevastopol.
AT early June (new style) 1855, the Anglo-French fleet in the amount of 101 pennants entered The Gulf of Finland. But on the approaches to the fortress raid, more than 200 galvanic and shock mines designed by academician B.S. Jacobi. Minefields were placed on the way to other Russian ports and fortresses. In addition to mines B.S. Jacobi used the mines of the staff captain V.G. Sergeev, captains N.P. Patrick and D.K. Zatsepin.
On June 20, 1855, the English steam frigate Merlin, on which the French Rear Admiral Peno and the English Rear Admiral Dundas were, accompanied by several more steamers, reconnoitred the Northern Fairway, approached the Russian coast. Suddenly, a dull explosion was heard in the bow of the frigate. An eyewitness described this event as follows: “Our ship tilted on its side and, as it were, was preparing to capsize into the abyss that opened up in front of it ... A few moments later a second explosion was heard, and a shaking was felt stronger than the first. Part of the crew rushed on deck, and the commotion continued for some time; the side of the ship got a leak, the beams and belts were broken, the deck was beaten, and all the masts were broken, and the ship was saved only as if by a miracle. The frigate Firefly, which was nearby, experienced the same “strong push”, was damaged, but remained afloat. Explosions soon followed under two more steamships. The charge of the mines was not large, only 7-8 kg of gunpowder, so the blown up ships remained afloat, but required repairs at the dock. Russian mines had a huge moral effect on the sailors of the Anglo-French fleet. The enemy came to the conclusion that it was impossible to conduct hostilities in the waters of the Baltic and refused to capture Kronstadt and St. Petersburg.
LITERARY ACTIVITY
A story about the work of the Society for the Study of Interplanetary Communications would be incomplete without mentioning the journal of our Society. The idea of publishing the magazine arose back when, within the walls of the Academy of Military air fleet the Section of Interplanetary Communications was formed. On May 21, M. Leuteizen wrote to K. E. Tsiolkovsky:
“In the near future, we decided to make every effort to release the magazine. Monthly popular magazine with a more serious scientific and technical department devoted to interplanetary communications and the sciences related to this issue - astronomy, physics, chemistry, aviation, etc. We have been negotiating with publishers for more than a week. Not a single publishing house has yet agreed to take over the publication of the journal, and we will obviously have to print the first issue of the journal at the expense of the money that we receive from the Lapirov-Skoblo report, and it is possible that this offer will pass. If you have works in a magazine format and if you are not afraid that they will lie with us for some time, send them to us.
Ten days later, on May 31, Leiteizen writes more definitely: “It has become somewhat clearer with the magazine. We release the first issue on July 1st. It would be highly desirable to receive material from you for this issue.
“Dear comrades!
I rejoice in your success. I have written the first chapter (“Life in the cosmic ether”) for you, the subsequent ones need to be rewritten. If it is not possible to publish the second issue, then the sent chapter is still good, having a completely finished look. Tomorrow morning I will re-read the article and send it to you. Let me know if it will go in the magazine and whether the sequel will be rewritten?
Our magazine was proud name- "Rocket" (by the way, we note that the magazine, later published by the Society for Interplanetary Communications in Germany, was also called "Die Rakete"). Member of the Society Mozharovsky, who previously drew a sketch of the badge of a member of the Society, prepared a sketch of the cover of the magazine: against the background of a dark sky strewn with stars, a flying rocket; flames shoot out of its tail.
In addition to K. E. Tsiolkovsky, F. A. Tsander, V. A. Vetchinkin and M. A. Rezunov also wrote articles for the first issue of Raketa. In order for the reader to better imagine the subject and style of the articles of the journal we have conceived, I will cite excerpts from F. A. Zander's article "On flights to other terrestrial globes."
“The action of those engines that make it possible to fly rockets to other planets is still little known ...
First scientific work in this area belong to the Russian scientist K. E. Tsiolkovsky. He determined the calculations that in order to give the rocket a speed at which it would not return back to Earth, it is required to use, in the most advantageous case, 8/9 of the entire weight of the rocket as combustible material. This high fuel consumption, as well as the necessary high acceleration, causing the pilot to be strongly pressed against the seat, constitute difficulties in the implementation of projects.
Strongly interested in astronomy and aviation, I have worked extensively, especially vigorously since 1917, on the question of interplanetary travel.
In the design I propose, the rocket forms part of a large airplane ... The combination of an airplane with a rocket has the advantage that in the event of an accidental stop of the rocket, the pilot is in complete safety: he can descend by a gliding descent to the ground, and if the rocket can be launched again, he can continue flying and reach that lowest speed of 8 km/s, at which he can fly around Earth like the moon without falling back to earth.
At the very recent times our young Society for the Study of Interplanetary Communications in Moscow announced a competition for a rocket to achieve high altitudes lift. It would be desirable if possible large quantity readers of this article took part in it.
For flights to the Moon or other planets, it will be best to use interplanetary ships of a special design, which will be equipped for long-distance flights with everything necessary: breathing apparatus, greenhouses, meteorite safety devices, solar engines, tools for repairing the ship, a rocket to further accelerate the flight and to bypass meteor showers, which may meet on the way, etc.
The field of rocket design is still little developed. It would be desirable to continue energetic work in this matter, which will enable us to establish ourselves in interplanetary space, revolving around the Earth, and conquering, flying further, new freedom, new opportunities, new globes.
Some of the author's statements will seem somewhat naive to the modern reader. But we must not forget that the article was written at a time when the transition from theoretical study problems of interplanetary communications to their practical implementation. It is in this sense that it has a certain interest even at the present time.
The same can be said about the article by M. A. Rezunov "The Dream of Mankind". It conveys well the mood of the members of the Society. unquenchable optimism, firm confidence that interplanetary flights will be carried out - this is the main content of the article. Its author, a member of the board of our Society, opened fire on the conservatives, the suppressors of new thought, those of little faith, who retarded the development of science.
“With all the great discoveries of science,” wrote M. A. Rezunov, “there are people who are trying to throw mud at every bold idea ...
Let's hope that greatest dream humanity, reinforced by the development of technology, will not be thrown back ...
This dream will come true not today or tomorrow. True, much has not yet been clarified; hundreds of great minds will have to work hard, but in the history of science, human genius has overcome not such obstacles.
Everything was ready for the release of the Rocket. But even its first issue was never published. We have not been able to overcome numerous difficulties and especially the lack of funds.
It is impossible not to recall one more of our failures. On June 13, 1924, the Izvestia newspaper published an article entitled “The Notorious Rocket”. Its author disputed the very idea of the possibility of interplanetary communications with the help of a rocket engine. Mocking the enthusiasts of space flights, he called them "domestic Cyranos de Bergeracs."
In the response article "Rocket to the Moon", the original of which is now kept in the archives of the Society, V. I. Chernov, a member of the Society's board, explains in detail the possibility of reaching the planets by means of a jet engine and dwells, in particular, on the project of F. A. Zander's rocket.
“The young, just organized in Moscow Society for the Study of Interplanetary Communications,” the article says, “just like whole line Russian inventors and prominent scientists, fully armed modern science and technology trying to turn into reality cherished dream humanity."
In conclusion, V. I. Chernov notes: “When the human genius with a daring impulse cuts a new hole in the recesses of the universe, when new milestones are outlined, perhaps greatest discoveries, there are always conservative-minded people who try to belittle the merits of the first bold pioneers, usually referring to their utopianism. But they won't be able to!"
The preparation of scripts for films about interplanetary communications cost the Section, and then the Society, much work and care.
On this occasion, M. G. Leiteizen writes to K. O. Tsiolkovsky on May 4: “We are already negotiating with the board of Proletkino. Our task is to dramatize one of the interplanetary novels and use this dramatization to popularize the data of science related to interplanetary messages, and to spread the idea of the possibility of the feasibility of these messages.
“I fully sympathize with your desire to stage the fantasy of interplanetary travel. I will be very glad if you use my "Out of the Earth". But cinematography is difficult to apply here. You can take all kinds of poses on the black floor and take pictures from above. But, firstly, movements in a lying position will be difficult and will not correspond to movement in a space free from gravity, and secondly, the distances from the apparatus of the actors must be different. It's also not easy to arrange."
Maybe it was not so difficult as it seemed to Konstantin Eduardovich, but even then to say: the then level of cinematography is incomparable with the present
In his letter to Tsiolkovsky dated May 1, M. G. Leiteizen once again returned to this issue: “It would, of course, be too difficult to stage Out of the Earth. We decided to give our film a somewhat everyday character: the action should take place today in Soviet Russia.
A draft script written by M. G. Rezunov has been preserved in the archives of the Society. It was not developed enough, and does not shine with literary merit. Nevertheless, it is of known interest as one of the first attempts to popularize the ideas of interplanetary communications by means of cinema.
The young turner Stepan was strongly impressed by an article about interplanetary flights that appeared in the newspaper. He began to work on the creation of a machine for flying outside earth's atmosphere. He develops one model after another, fixes problems, improves it more and more.
Here is Stepan at the chairman of the Voluntary Air Fleet Society. Several times he takes the door handle. Doubts, hesitates. Finally enters. Meetings, meetings, disputes. Finally, the project is accepted. With the help of engineers, Stepan starts building his own spacecraft. There are a lot of issues that require immediate resolution. And the further, the more. Good luck and failure! Successes and failures!
But now Stepan's apparatus is ready. Flight to Mars. Meeting with the Martians.
Then there are adventures reminiscent of the events of A. Tolstoy's "Aelita": revolutionary battles, new friends, acquaintance with the beautiful Le, who, after Stepan's departure to Earth, remains on Mars ... However, M. A. Rezunov significantly more attention devotes to the work of creating the project, and then to the spaceship. The jet engine is described in detail. In addition, based on the descriptions space flights, which Tsiolkovsky gives in his works, the author in a number of shots tries to show what the state of health of people was like in conditions of weightlessness, how braking, descent, etc. were carried out.
Going through my papers, I recently found a draft script for On a Rocket to the Stars, which I wrote in 1924. By this, I, like M. A. Rezunov, sought to help our Society in arousing interest in astronautics and in popularizing the scientific problems associated with it.
The action takes place in Russia last years tsarism. K. E. Tsiolkovsky is busy developing the idea of interplanetary communications. Fierce disputes about the reality of his idea. Churchmen are especially fiercely opposed. No wonder - after all, even talk about the possibility of such flights harms them, destroying people's idea of \u200b\u200bthe sky as the abode of God.
The protagonist is the son of an outstanding revolutionary figure like Kibalchich, in whom the struggle against autocracy is closely intertwined with the desire to fulfill the age-old dream of mankind - to conquer the sky.
The scientist manages to design a device with a jet engine. But, awaiting arrest, he is forced to hide his project and calculations in a secluded place. The scientist bequeaths to transfer them to his son Victor when he comes of age.
The presentiment of the revolutionary inventor is justified. He is arrested and executed.
Victor, following the example of his father, also takes an active part in revolutionary movement and forced to hide from the police. Taking with him drawings and calculations, he flees to the United States of America to implement his father's idea there.
Having picked up enthusiasts of interplanetary flights like him to help him, Victor begins to build a jet airship.
A big banker, who decided to make money on the invention, learns about the work on the airship. And when he fails (Victor flatly refuses to enter the company with him), the banker acts by force. He takes over the workshop and takes the ship and Victor to his country villa. However, not knowing how to handle the ship, the banker calls an expert engineer in flying machines from another city.
Meanwhile, the banker's daughter, who is in love with Victor, informs the young inventor of her father's intentions and helps him escape. Victor's friends decide that he should go to Russia, where a revolution took place at that time, and they themselves will try to take the ship away from the banker.
Taking advantage of the fact that the expert engineer did not appear at the appointed time (the wrong address was deliberately indicated on the envelope of the letter to him), one of Victor's friends, under the guise of this engineer in makeup, comes to the banker. Having carefully examined the ship, he declares that it is necessary to test it on the move.
An imaginary expert engineer gives a start and flies to Russia, where it has already been created Soviet authority. The people and the Government of the USSR enthusiastically welcome the arrival of the creators of the first air jet ship, which meant the beginning of victory over space!..
Films based on these scenarios were not staged. But, no matter how primitive these first scripts of films about space travel and rocket technology, they are revealing and interesting precisely as expressions of our thoughts and feelings of that time.
As mentioned earlier, K. E. Tsiolkovsky believed that "the staging of pictures about space is difficult, since it is difficult to reproduce transatmospheric phenomena on Earth."
However, Konstantin Eduardovich perfectly understood the importance of cinematography as a powerful means of educating and enlightening broad populace. He said: “The film is more visual and closer to nature. This is highest degree artistry, especially when they move on to sound films. The technique of cinematography developed rapidly, and when in 1933 director V. N. Zhuravlev turned to K. E. Tsiolkovsky with a request to take on the duties of a scientific consultant when staging the science fiction film “Space Flight” according to the script by A. A. Filimonov, Konstantin Eduardovich agreed to this.
What was this film?
It began with a show of the majestic Institute of Interplanetary Communications. There is also a grandiose rocket launcher with a hangar and a take-off installation.
The metal body of the rocket plane. Travelers sit in the cockpit. Start signal.
The fuel is ignited, a fiery tail flies out of the nozzle. The rocket plane rises, and in the cockpit there are comic scenes associated with the state of weightlessness.
Approved by K. E. Tsiolkovsky, a sketch of a rocket plane hangar for the scenery for the movie "Space Flight"
Every sudden movement throws passengers from wall to wall, to the ceiling.
In the porthole, unblinking stars are visible. The Moon is shown with its characteristic craters. Travelers put on spacesuits, and here they are on the surface of the moon. But they don't dare to walk. After all, the attraction on the Moon is six times less than on Earth, and therefore, with the slightest push, you run the risk of flying up several meters. We have to move, as Konstantin Eduardovich advised, "like a sparrow."
In the course of the action, one of the travelers had to stumble on the top of the cliff and slide down, and the collapsed rock was supposed to crush him. The frame is difficult and far from pleasant. It was filmed 11 times!
For almost two years, the Mosfilm team worked on " space flight". A lot of work, ingenuity and invention has been invested in it. But not everything succeeded. Flying objects did not turn out, it was not possible to give the water spilled in the astrolet a spherical shape. All this is so. However, we should not forget that the film was staged thirty years ago. And what happened was not only interesting, but also important - and, above all, to arouse interest in the idea space flight among our youth, who were to be witnesses, and to some of them participants in the realization of the age-old dream of mankind.
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From the book of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. His life and literary activity author Yuzhakov Sergey NikolaevichChapter IV. Literary activity before leaving for Paris Norderney and the sea. - Intrigues against Heine before Solomon. - The first two volumes of "Travel Pictures" and their prohibition in many German states. - A trip to England. - Book of Songs. - Heine - editor of the political
From the book Baron Nikolai Korf. His life and social activity author Peskovsky Matvei Leontievich From the book Sergei Solovyov. His life and scientific and literary activity author Bezobrazov Pavel VladimirovichChapter VI. Educational and literary activity Remarkable literary fertility of Baron H. A. Korf. - His high disinterestedness. - The first textbooks and manuals of Baron Korf, their distribution and significance. - "Our friend"; circumstances leading up to this
From the book Alexander Serov. His life and musical activity author Bazunov Sergey AlexandrovichPavel Vladimirovich Bezobrazov Sergei Solovyov. His life and scientific and literary activity Biographical sketch of P. V. Bezobrazov With a portrait of S. Solovyov, engraved in St. Petersburg by K.
From the book of Archpriest Avvakum. His life and work author Myakotin Venedikt AlexandrovichChapter VI. Literary activity Serov's aversion to official activity. - Short-term service in Pskov. - Resignation. - Break with father. - Poverty. – Beginning of musical-critical activity. - The first articles and the impression they made. -
From the book Life and Works of Pushkin [ Best Biography poet] author Annenkov Pavel VasilievichCHAPTER VI. LIFE IN PUSTOZERSK. LITERARY ACTIVITY OF HAVAKUM. HIS EXECUTION In the last days of August 1667, Avvakum and his comrades in prison were taken out of Moscow and sent to Pustozersk. Applying this measure to the condemned leaders of the schism as a punishment for their
From the book by M.Yu. Lermontov. Life and art author Viskovatyy Pavel AlexandrovichChapter III Life and literary activity in St. Petersburg. 1817–1820 A trip to Mikhailovskoye. - The words of the lost diary about this trip. - Secular life, illness in 1818. - Mrs. Kirchhoff, white verses and parody "Listen, grandfather ...". - Draft notebooks. - Internal
From the book Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov [Personality of the poet and his works] author Kotlyarevsky Nestor AlexandrovichCHAPTER VIII Literary activity of M. Yu. Lermontov during his university years Lyrical motives. - Longing for the supermundane world. - Love for Varenka Lopukhina. - Angel of Death. - Byronism. - Ishmael Bay. As a subjective nature, Lermontov remembered well everything that happened to him.
From the author's book From the author's bookLiterary activity until 1837 I In St. Petersburg, Lermontov's life flowed merrily and noisily. Many of the questions of life on which his youthful mind had labored so hard now appeared before him in their real nakedness, without romantic haze, without exaggeration in
Society for the Study of Interplanetary Communications- the world's first association of enthusiasts of rocket technology and space flights. Created June 20, 1924 in Moscow.
In the last days of May 1924, posters were posted on the streets of Moscow, which attracted the attention of almost every passer-by. And no wonder: the first thing that caught your eye on this poster was the words: "Interplanetary travel." It was an announcement about the report of M. Ya. Lapirov-Skoblo. After the lecture by M. Ya. Lapirov-Skoblo, the entry into the membership of the Society was made. Nearly 200 people signed up. Some of the sheets on which the recording was made have been preserved. Here are the data on 121 registered: men - 104, women - 17.
They were distributed according to age as follows:
Less than 20 years - 22 people 20 to 30 - 68 30 to 40 - 20 40 to 50 - 6 over 50 - 5
By occupation, the members of the Society were:
Students (mostly from higher educational institutions) - 53 employees and workers - 43 scientists - 14 writers - 6 scientists and inventors - 5
It is quite natural that more than half of those who signed up were young people - workers, students, etc. It was young enthusiasts, supported by scientists - enthusiasts of the same kind - who launched work in the new Society.
On June 20, the first (organizational) meeting of the Society was held, which marked the beginning of its existence. About 200 people gathered in the small hall of the astronomical observatory of the Moscow Department of Public Education, overcrowded to overflowing, united by the thought of achieving a great goal - interplanetary communications. At the presidium table, three slender, fit young men in the form of pilots are talking animatedly with each other. These are V.P. Kapersky, M.G. Leiteizen and M.A. Rezunov.
In solidarity with the discoveries of K. E. Tsiolkovsky, which are of great importance, and paying tribute to his great merits, the chairman proposes to elect him an honorary member of the Society. The proposal is accepted with enthusiasm.
The main activities of the society should be: research work; an association of citizens of the USSR "working in the field of studying interplanetary communications or conducting scientific development of issues related to this area", collecting information about research conducted abroad in this area.
In addition, the Society sets itself the task of disseminating among the broad masses of correct information about the current state of all aspects of the issue related to the study of interplanetary communications. To this end, the Society plans to organize lectures, reports, exhibitions, create libraries, publish popular and scientific literature, both original and translated.
Having adopted the Charter, the general meeting elected a governing body consisting of seven people: F. A. Zander, M. G. Leiteizen, V. P. Kapersky, M. A. Rezunov, V. I. Chernov, M. G. Serebrennikov and G M. Kramarova.
Kramarov was elected Chairman of the Society.
At the same time, the book kiosk of the Society was also opened.
On June 23, the first board meeting took place. Sections were created on it: research (reactive) consisting of A.F. Tsander, M.G. Leiteizen and M.A. Rezunov, popular science (its members were responsible for organizing reports and lectures at enterprises, in institutions , educational institutions, etc. - M. G. Serebrennikov and G. M. Kramarov) and literary (she was supposed to publish the journal of the Society and develop a script for a film about interplanetary flights - V. P. Kapersky and V. I. Chernov ).
The Society broke up in 1925.
