What dry statistics can tell about the number of those awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and full cavaliers Order of Glory
How many heroes of the Great Patriotic War were in the Soviet Union? It seemed like a strange question. In survivor terrible tragedy XX century, the hero of the country was everyone who defended it with in hand at the front or at the bench and in the field in the rear. That is, each of its 170 million multinational people who bore the brunt of the war on his shoulders.
But if we ignore the pathos and return to the specifics, then the question can be formulated differently. How was it noted in the USSR that a person is a hero? That's right, the title of "Hero of the Soviet Union." And 31 years after the war, another sign of heroism appeared: full holders of the Order of Glory, that is, awarded all three degrees of this award, were equalized with the Heroes of the Soviet Union. It turns out that the question "How many heroes of the Great Patriotic War were in the Soviet Union?" more precisely formulated as follows: "How many people in the USSR were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and became full holders of the Order of Glory for the exploits committed during the Great Patriotic War?".
There is a very specific answer to this question: total 14,411 people, including 11,739 Heroes of the Soviet Union and 2,672 full holders of the Order of Glory.
The first Heroes of the Soviet Union during the war
The number of Heroes of the Soviet Union who received this title for exploits during the Great Patriotic War is 11,739. This title was awarded posthumously to 3,051 of them; 82 people were stripped of their titles in the future by a court decision. 107 heroes were awarded this title twice (seven posthumously), three - three times: Marshal Semyon Budyonny (all awards occurred after the war), Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Pokryshkin and Major Ivan Kozhedub. And only one - Marshal Georgy Zhukov - became four times Hero of the Soviet Union, and he earned one award even before the Great Patriotic War, and received it for the fourth time in 1956.
Among those awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union during the Great Patriotic War were representatives of all branches and types of troops in ranks from private to marshal. And each branch of the military - whether it be infantrymen, pilots or sailors - is proud of the first colleagues who received the highest honorary title.
Pilots
The first titles of Hero of the Soviet Union were awarded to pilots on July 8, 1941. And here, too, the pilots maintained the tradition: six pilots were the first Heroes of the Soviet Union in the history of this award - and three pilots were the first to be awarded this title during the Great Patriotic War! On July 8, 1941, it was assigned to fighter pilots of the 158th fighter regiment 41st Mixed Air Division of the Air Force of the 23rd Army northern front. Second Lieutenants Mikhail Zhukov, Stepan Zdorovtsev and Pyotr Kharitonov received awards for ramming made in the first days of the war. Stepan Zdorovtsev died the day after the award, Mikhail Zhukov died in January 1943 in a fight with nine German fighters, and Pyotr Kharitonov, seriously wounded in 1941 and returned to duty only in 1944, ended the war with 14 destroyed enemy aircraft.
A fighter pilot with his P-39 Airacobra. Photo: waralbum.ru
Foot soldiers
The first Hero of the Soviet Union among infantrymen on July 22, 1941 was the commander of the 1st Moscow Moto rifle division 20th Army Western Front Colonel Yakov Kreizer. He was awarded for the successful containment of the Germans on the Berezina River and in the battles for Orsha. It is noteworthy that Colonel Kreizer was also the first among the Jewish soldiers who received the highest award during the war years.
Tankers
On July 22, 1941, three tankmen received the highest awards of the country at once - the tank commander of the 1st Tank Regiment of the 1st tank division Senior Sergeant Alexander Borisov of the 14th Army of the Northern Front, squad leader of the 163rd reconnaissance battalion of the 104th Infantry Division of the 14th Army of the Northern Front Lance Sergeant Alexander Gryaznov (who was awarded the title posthumously) and deputy commander of the tank battalion of the 115th tank regiment of the 57th tank division of the 20th army of the Western Front, Captain Iosif Kaduchenko. Senior Sergeant Borisov, a week and a half after the award, died in the hospital from severe wounds. Captain Kaduchenko managed to be on the list of the dead, in October 1941 he was captured, unsuccessfully tried to escape three times and was released only in March 1945, after which he fought until the Victory.
sappers
Among the fighters and commanders of sapper units, on November 20, 1941, the assistant platoon commander of the 184th separate sapper battalion of the 7th Army of the Northern Front, Private Viktor Karandakov, became the first Hero of the Soviet Union. In the battle near Sortavala against the Finnish units, he repulsed three enemy attacks with fire from his machine gun, which actually saved the regiment from encirclement, the next day he led the counterattack of the squad instead of the wounded commander, and two days later he carried the wounded company commander out of the fire. In April 1942, a sapper who lost his arm in battle was demobilized.
Sappers neutralize German anti-tank mines. Photo: militariorgucoz.ru
Artillerymen
On August 2, 1941, the gunner of the "forty-five" 680th became the first artilleryman - Hero of the Soviet Union rifle regiment 169th Infantry Division of the 18th Army of the Southern Front, Red Army soldier Yakov Kolchak. On July 13, 1941, in an hour of battle, he managed to hit four enemy tanks from his cannon! But about assignment high rank Yakov did not recognize: on July 23 he was wounded and taken prisoner. He was released in August 1944 in Moldova, and Kolchak reached victory as part of a penal company, where he fought first as a shooter, and then as a squad leader. And the former penalty box, on whose chest was already adorned with the Order of the Red Star and the medal "For Military Merit", received a high award only on March 25, 1947.
partisans
The leaders of the partisans became the first Heroes of the Soviet Union from among the partisans. partisan detachment"Red October", operating on the territory of Belarus: the commissar of the detachment Tikhon Bumazhkov and the commander Fedor Pavlovsky. The decree on their award was signed on August 6, 1941. Of the two heroes, only one survived to the Victory - Fedor Pavlovsky, and the commissar of the Red October detachment Tikhon Bumazhkov, who managed to receive his award in Moscow, died in December of the same year, leaving the German encirclement.
Marines
On August 13, 1941, the title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded to the commander of the Marine Volunteer Detachment Northern Fleet senior sergeant Vasily Kislyakov. He received a high award for his actions in mid-July 1941, when he led a platoon instead of the killed commander and, first, together with his comrades, and then alone held an important height. By the end of the war, Captain Kislyakov had several landings on the Northern Front, participation in the Petsamo-Kirkenes, Budapest and Vienna offensive operations.
Politruks
The first decree on awarding the title of Hero of the Soviet Union to political workers of the Red Army was issued on August 15, 1941. With this document, the highest award was awarded to the deputy political instructor of the radio company of the 415th separate battalion communications of the 22nd Estonian Territorial rifle corps Northwestern Front Arnold Meri and secretary of the party bureau of the 245th howitzer artillery regiment 37th Rifle Division of the 19th Army of the Western Front, senior political instructor Kirill Osipov. Meri was awarded for the fact that, twice wounded, he managed to stop the retreat of the battalion and led the defense of the corps headquarters. Osipov in July-August 1941 actually worked as a liaison command of the division that fought in encirclement, and several times crossed the front line, delivering important information.
Medics
Among the army doctors who received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, the first was the sanitary instructor of the 14th motorized rifle regiment 21st motorized rifle division Troops of the NKVD of the Northern Front, Private Anatoly Kokorin. The high award was awarded to him on August 26, 1941 - posthumously. During the battle with the Finns, he was the last in the ranks and blew himself up with a grenade so as not to be captured.
border guards
Although Soviet border guards the first to take the enemy's blow on June 22, 1941, the Heroes of the Soviet Union appeared among them only two months later. But six people at once: junior sergeant Ivan Buzytskov, lieutenant Kuzma Vetchinkin, senior lieutenant Nikita Kaimanov, senior lieutenant Alexander Konstantinov, junior sergeant Vasily Mikhalkov and lieutenant Anatoly Ryzhikov. Five of them served in Moldova, senior lieutenant Kaimanov - in Karelia. All six received awards for their heroic actions in the first days of the war - which, in general, is not surprising. And all six reached the end of the war and continued to serve after the Victory - in the same border troops.
Signalers
The first Hero of the Soviet Union among signalmen appeared on November 9, 1941 - he was the commander of the radio department of the 289th anti-tank regiment of the Western Front, junior sergeant Pyotr Stemasov. He was awarded for his feat on October 25 near Moscow - during the battle he replaced a wounded gunner and, together with the crew, knocked out nine enemy tanks, after which he led the soldiers out of the encirclement. And then he fought until the Victory, which he met as an officer.
Field connection. Photo: pobeda1945.su
cavalrymen
On the same day as the first signalman hero, the first cavalry hero appeared. November 9, 1941 the title of Hero of the Soviet Union was posthumously awarded to the commander of the 134th cavalry regiment of the 28th cavalry division Reserve Army of the Southern Front Major Boris Krotov. He was awarded the highest award for his exploits during the defense of Dnepropetrovsk. How difficult those fights were can be imagined from one episode: last feat the regimental commander began to undermine an enemy tank that broke through into the depths of defense.
Paratroopers
The Winged Infantry received its first Heroes of the Soviet Union on November 20, 1941. They were the commander of the reconnaissance company of the 212th airborne brigade Sergeant Yakov Vatomov of the 37th Army of the Southwestern Front and Nikolai Obukhov, a shooter of the same brigade. Both received awards for heroic deeds in August-September 1941, when the paratroopers fought hard battles in eastern Ukraine.
Sailors
Later than all - only on January 17, 1942 - the first Hero of the Soviet Union appeared in the Soviet Navy. Posthumously, the highest award was awarded to the shooter of the 2nd volunteer detachment of sailors of the Northern Fleet, Red Navy sailor Ivan Sivko. Ivan accomplished his feat, which was so highly appreciated by the country, as part of the infamous landing in the bay of Bolshaya Zapadnaya Litsa. Covering the retreat of his colleagues, he, already fighting alone, destroyed 26 enemies, and then blew himself up with a grenade along with the Nazis who surrounded him.
Soviet sailors, heroes of the storming of Berlin. Photo: radionetplus.ru
generals
On July 22, 1941, the commander of the 19th Panzer Division of the 22nd Mechanized Corps of the 5th Army of the Southwestern Front, Major General Kuzma Semenchenko, became the first general of the Red Army to be awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. His division took Active participation in the largest tank battle Great Patriotic War - the battle of Dubno - and after heavy fighting was surrounded, but the general was able to withdraw his subordinates across the front line. By mid-August 1941, only one tank remained in the division, and in early September it was disbanded. And General Semenchenko fought until the end of the war and in 1947 he retired in the same rank in which he began to fight.
"The fight is not for glory..."
During the Great Patriotic War, there was the most honorable soldier's award - the Order of Glory. Both her ribbon and her statute were very reminiscent of another soldier's award - the insignia of the Order of St. George, "soldier Yegoriy", which was especially revered in the army Russian Empire. In total, the Order of Glory for a year and a half of the war - from the moment of its establishment on November 8, 1943 and until Victory - and in postwar period were awarded over a million Human. Of these, almost a million - the order of the third degree, over 46 thousand - the second, and 2672 people - the first degree, they became full holders of the order.
Of the 2672 full cavaliers of the Order of Glory, 16 people in the future different reasons were deprived of the award by a court decision. Among the deprived was the only holder of five Orders of Glory - 3rd, three 2nd and 1st degrees. In addition, 72 people were presented to the four Orders of Glory, but, as a rule, did not receive an "excessive" award.
Order of Glory 1st, 2nd and 3rd degree. Photo: Central Museum of the Armed Forces
The first full holders of the Order of Glory were the sapper of the 1134th rifle regiment of the 338th rifle division, Corporal Mitrofan Pitenin and the commander of the 110th separate reconnaissance company of the 158th rifle division, senior sergeant Shevchenko. Corporal Pitenin was presented to the first order in November 1943 for battles in Belarus, to the second - in April 1944, and the third - in July of the same year. But get last award did not have time: on August 3 he died in battle. And senior sergeant Shevchenko received all three orders in 1944: in February, April and July. He ended the war in 1945 with the rank of foreman and was soon demobilized, returning home not only with three Orders of Glory on his chest, but also with the Orders of the Red Star and the Order of the Patriotic War of both degrees.
And there were four people who received both signs of the highest recognition of military heroism - both the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and the title of full cavalier of the Order of Glory. The first is a senior pilot of the 140th Guards Assault aviation regiment Senior Lieutenant Ivan Drachenko of the 8th Guards Assault Aviation Division of the 1st Assault Aviation Corps of the 5th Air Army of the Guards. He received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union in 1944, and became a full holder of the Order of Glory after being re-awarded (double awarding the Order of the 2nd degree) in 1968.
The second - the commander of the guns of the 369th separate anti-tank artillery battalion of the 263rd rifle division of the 43rd army of the 3rd Belorussian Front foreman Nikolai Kuznetsov. In April 1945, he received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and after being re-awarded in 1980 (double awarding the Order of the 2nd degree), he became a full holder of the Order of Glory.
The third was the commander of the gun crew of the 175th Guards Artillery and Mortar Regiment of the 4th Guards Cavalry Division of the 2nd Guards cavalry corps Senior Sergeant Andrei Aleshin of the 1st Belorussian Front. He became a Hero of the Soviet Union at the end of May 1945, and a full holder of the Order of Glory - after being re-awarded (double awarding the Order of the 3rd degree) in 1955.
Finally, the fourth is foreman of the company of the 293rd Guards Rifle Regiment of the 96th Guards Rifle Division of the 28th Army of the 3rd Belorussian Front of the Guards, Petty Officer Pavel Dubinda. He probably has the most unusual fate of all four characters. A sailor, he served on the cruiser "Chervona Ukraine" on the Black Sea, after the death of the ship - in marines, defended Sevastopol. Here he was taken prisoner, from which he escaped and in March 1944 was again enrolled in active army, but already in the infantry. He became a full holder of the Order of Glory by March 1945, and in June of the same year he received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. By the way, among his awards was a rare Order of Bohdan Khmelnitsky 3rd degree - a kind of "soldier" military order.
Multinational heroism
The Soviet Union was indeed a multinational country: in the data of the last pre-war census of 1939, 95 nationalities appear, not counting the column "others" (other peoples of the North, other peoples of Dagestan). Naturally, among the Heroes of the Soviet Union and the full holders of the Order of Glory were representatives of almost all Soviet nationalities. Among the first - 67 nationalities, among the second (according to obviously incomplete data) - 39 nationalities.
The number of heroes marked with the highest ranks among one or another nationality generally corresponds to the ratio of the number of fellow tribesmen to total strength pre-war USSR. So, the leaders in all lists were and remain Russians, followed by Ukrainians and Belarusians. But then the situation is different. For example, in the top ten awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians are followed (in order) by Tatars, Jews, Kazakhs, Armenians, Georgians, Uzbeks and Mordovians. And in the top ten full cavaliers of the Order of Glory, after Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians, there are (also in order) Tatars, Kazakhs, Armenians, Mordovians, Uzbeks, Chuvashs and Jews.
The key to victory over fascism was the unity and solidarity of the peoples of the USSR. Photo: all-retro.ru
But judging by these statistics which people were more heroic and which were less, is meaningless. Firstly, many nationalities of the heroes were accidentally or even deliberately indicated incorrectly or were absent (for example, the nationality was often hidden by the Germans and Jews, and the options " Crimean Tatar” was simply not in the 1939 census documents). And secondly, even today far from all the documents relating to the awarding of the heroes of the Great Patriotic War have been brought together and taken into account. This colossal topic is still waiting for its researcher, who will surely confirm: heroism is a property of everyone. individual person and not this or that people.
The national composition of the Heroes of the Soviet Union who received this title for their exploits during the Great Patriotic War *
Russians - 7998 (including 70 - twice, 2 - three times and 1 - four times)
Ukrainians - 2019 (including 28 - twice),
Belarusians - 274 (including 4 - twice),
Tatars - 161
Jews - 128 (including 1 - twice)
Kazakhs - 98 (including 1 - twice)
Armenians - 91 (including 2 - twice)
Georgians - 90
Uzbeks - 67
Mordva - 66
Chuvash - 47
Azerbaijanis - 41 (including 1 - twice)
Bashkirs - 40 (including 1 - twice)
Ossetians - 34 (including 1 - twice)
Mari - 18
Turkmen - 16
Lithuanians - 15
Tajiks - 15
Latvians - 12
Kyrgyz - 12
Karely - 11 (including 1 - twice)
Udmurts - 11
Estonians - 11
Avars - 9
Poles - 9
Buryats and Mongols - 8
Kalmyks - 8
Kabardians - 8
Crimean Tatars - 6 (including 1 - twice)
Chechens - 6
Moldovans - 5
Abkhazians - 4
Lezgins - 4
French - 4
Karachays - 3
Tuvans - 3
Circassians - 3
Balkars -2
Bulgarians - 2
Dargins - 2
Kumyks - 2
Khakas - 2
Abaza - 1
Adzharians - 1
Altai - 1
Assyrian - 1
Spaniard - 1
Chinese (Dungan) - 1
Korean - 1
Slovak - 1
Tuvan - 1
* The list is incomplete, compiled using data from the Heroes of the Country project (http://www.warheroes.ru/main.asp) and data from the writer Gennady Ovrutsky (http://www.proza.ru/2009/08/16/ 901).
The national composition of the full cavaliers of the Order of Glory, who received this title for their exploits during the Great Patriotic War**
Russians - 1276
Ukrainians - 285
Belarusians - 62
Tatars - 48
Kazakhs - 30
Armenians - 19
Mordva - 16
Uzbeks - 12
Chuvash - 11
Azerbaijanis - 8
Bashkirs - 7
Kyrgyz - 7
Udmurts - 6
Turkmen - 5
Buryats - 4
Georgians - 4
Mari - 3
Poles - 3
Karely - 2
Latvians - 2
Moldovans - 2
Ossetians - 2
Tajiks - 2
Khakas - 2
Abaza - 1
Kabardian - 1
Kalmyk - 1
Chinese - 1
Crimean Tatar - 1
Lithuanian -1
Meskhetian Turk - 1
Chechen - 1
** The list is incomplete, compiled using data from the Heroes of the Country project (http://www.warheroes.ru/main.asp).
The concept of "twice, thrice, four times Hero" today seems somewhat strange, probably it would be more correct to talk about awarding several Gold Star medals. But this is a fact of our history, and it cannot be bypassed.
First time twice as a Hero for military exploits Three pilots, shown in battles with the Japanese invaders on the Khalkhin Gol River in 1939, became Major Sergei Ivanovich Gritsevets and Colonel Grigory Panteleevich Kravchenko (Decree of August 29), as well as commander Yakov Vladimirovich Smushkevich (Decree of November 17). The fate of all three was tragic.
Marshal of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Army H. Choibalsan congratulates twice Hero of the Soviet Union S. I. Gritsevets with a high government award
Gritsevets shot down 11 enemy planes in the sky of Khalkhin Gol. He died in a plane crash less than a month after the award. Kravchenko, who commanded a fighter aviation regiment at Khalkhin Gol and shot down 7 Japanese aircraft during the conflict, in 1940 became the youngest Lieutenant General of the Red Army. During the Great Patriotic War, he successfully commanded an air division, but on February 23, 1943, he died after jumping out of a downed plane and failing to use a parachute (his exhaust cable was broken by shrapnel). Smushkevich was arrested in the summer of 1941 and shot in the autumn of the same year.
Kravchenko and Gritsevets became the first twice Heroes of the Soviet Union
In 1940, the number of twice Heroes increased by two people: the head of the rescue expedition to remove the icebreaker "Georgy Sedov" from the ice, Hero of the Soviet Union Ivan Dmitrievich Papanin became twice a Hero (Decree of February 3), he received the second "Gold Star" for battles in Finland pilot commander Sergei Prokofyevich Denisov (Decree of March 21).
I. D. Papanin at the drifting station SP-1
During the Great Patriotic War, 101 people became Heroes twice, seven of them posthumously. Pilot Hero of the Soviet Union Lieutenant Colonel Stepan Pavlovich Suprun By decree of July 22, 1941, he was the first to be awarded the second Gold Star medal during the Great Patriotic War. On June 14, 1942, the first twice Hero appeared, both times awarded this title during the war. This was also a pilot, the commander of the fighter aviation regiment of the Northern Fleet of the Guard, Lieutenant Colonel Boris Feoktistovich Safonov.
Among the twice Heroes were three Marshals of the Soviet Union - Alexander Mikhailovich Vasilevsky, Ivan Stepanovich Konev and Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky, one Chief Marshal aviation - Alexander Alexandrovich Novikov, 21 generals and 76 officers. There were no soldiers and sergeants among the twice Heroes.
During the Second World War, 101 people became Heroes twice, 7 of them posthumously
It should be noted that in 1944 decrees were promulgated on awarding the navigator of a fighter regiment, Major Nikolai Dmitrievich Gulaev (during the war years, he made 250 sorties, in 49 dogfights personally shot down 55 enemy planes) with the third "Gold Star", as well as a number of pilots with the second "Gold Star", but none of them received awards due to a brawl they arranged in a Moscow restaurant on the eve of receiving. The orders were cancelled.
Nikolai Dmitrievich Gulaev
After the war, the number of double Heroes continued to increase. In 1948, lieutenant colonel, future Chief Air Marshal of the USSR, Alexander Ivanovich Koldunov was awarded the second Gold Star medal. During the war years, Koldunov made 412 sorties, in 96 air battles he personally shot down 46 enemy aircraft.
In September 1957, the famous pilot Vladimir Konstantinovich Kokkinaki was awarded the title of twice Hero of the Soviet Union for testing aviation equipment, the first he received back in 1938.
In total, 154 people became Heroes of the Soviet Union twice
Marshals of the Soviet Union Semyon Konstantinovich Timoshenko, Rodion Yakovlevich Malinovsky, Ivan Khristoforovich Bagramyan, Kirill Semenovich Moskalenko and Matvey Vasilievich Zakharov received the second "Gold Star" after the war in connection with various anniversaries, and Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Sergey Georgievich Gorshkov, Marshals of the Soviet Union Kliment Efremovich Voroshilov and Andrei Antonovich Grechko generally became Heroes twice only in peacetime.
G. T. Beregovoy on a stamp of the USSR Post
In November 1968, pilot-cosmonaut Georgy Timofeevich Beregovoy was awarded the title twice Hero of the Soviet Union, and he received the first award during the Great Patriotic War for 186 sorties on the Il-2 attack aircraft. In 1969, the first cosmonauts appeared - twice Heroes, who received both "Stars" for space flights: Colonel Vladimir Alexandrovich Shatalov and candidate technical sciences Alexey Stanislavovich Eliseev (Decree of October 22). In 1971, they were both the first in the world to make a space flight for the third time, but the Golden Stars did not give them a third: perhaps because this flight was unsuccessful and was interrupted on the second day. In the future, the cosmonauts who made the third and even the fourth flight into space did not receive additional "Stars", but were awarded the Order of Lenin. A total of 35 people received the title of twice Hero for space exploration.
Commander became the last twice Hero tank brigade Major General Azi Agadovich Aslanov, awarded the second rank posthumously (Decree of June 21, 1991).
A. I. Pokryshkin - the first three times Hero of the Soviet Union
In total, 154 people became Heroes of the Soviet Union twice. The vast majority of them - 71 people - pilots, 15 tankers, 3 sailors, 2 partisans. The only woman among the twice Heroes is pilot-cosmonaut Svetlana Evgenievna Savitskaya, daughter of twice Hero of the Soviet Union Air Marshal Evgeny Yakovlevich Savitsky.
Svetlana Evgenievna Savitskaya
On August 19, 1944, Colonel Alexander Ivanovich Pokryshkin became the first three times Hero of the Soviet Union, who during the war years made 650 sorties, conducted 156 air battles, and personally shot down 59 enemy aircraft. In 1945, Marshal of the Soviet Union Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov, who received the fourth “Star” (Decree of December 1, 1956), and Major Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub, became Heroes three times.
After the war, in connection with various anniversaries, Marshal of the Soviet Union Semyon Mikhailovich Budyonny became three times Hero and Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev four times Hero.
I don't know how it is now, but Soviet time almost every student knew about the outstanding Soviet aces Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub, who shot down 62 German aircraft, and Alexander Ivanovich Pokryshkin, who brought down 59 Nazis to the ground and was awarded the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union three times for his outstanding deeds.
Pokryshkin Alexander Ivanovich(21.02 (06.03) 1913-1985) - fighter pilot, air marshal (1972), three times Hero of the Soviet Union (May 24, August 24, 1943, August 19, 1944).
Born in Novonikolaevsk (now Novosibirsk) in a working class family. After graduating from a 7-year school, he worked as a mechanic, then graduated from the Perm Aviation School of Technicians (1933), advanced training courses for technical staff and the Kachin Aviation School (1939).
He met the Great Patriotic War as a deputy squadron commander, later became a squadron commander, assistant commander and commander of the 16th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment of the 7th Fighter Aviation Corps of the 8th Air Army of the 1st Ukrainian Front, and from May 1944 - commander of the 9th 1st Guards Fighter Aviation Division of the 4-1 Air Army of the North Caucasian Front.
For participation in 54 battles, in which 13 enemy aircraft were personally shot down, he was awarded the Star of the Hero of the Soviet Union. Pokryshkin was awarded the second title of Hero of the Soviet Union for participating in air battles in the Kuban (455 sorties were made, 30 enemy aircraft were shot down).
For commanding a division in the battles over the Prut, Yassy and participating in the Lvov-Sandomierz operation (by May he made 550 sorties, participated in 137 air battles, personally shot down 53 aircraft), he was the first to be awarded the third "Gold Star".
In 1968 -1971. was deputy commander-in-chief of the country's air defense, and in 1972-1981. - Chairman of the Central Committee of the USSR DOSAAF. He was awarded many orders and medals. Buried at Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow.
Kozhedub Ivan Nikitovich- was the fifth child in a poor peasant family. His father was an outstanding person. Torn between factory earnings and peasant labor, he found the strength to read books and even compose poetry. A religious man, of a subtle and exacting mind, he was a strict and persistent educator: diversifying his son's household duties, he taught him to be industrious, persevering, and diligent. By the age of six, Ivan went to school. After graduating from the seven-year plan, he was admitted to the workers' faculty of the Shostka Chemical-Technological College, and in 1938 fate brought him to the flying club.
At the beginning of the war, Sergeant Kozhedub was even more persistently engaged in "fighter" self-education. In the autumn of 1942 after numerous requests and reports, senior sergeant Kozhedub was sent to Moscow, from where he got into the 240th IAP. In August 1942, the 240th IAP was armed with the latest La-5 fighters at that time. Retraining was carried out hastily, and the regiment suffered heavy losses in the Stalingrad direction.
The following training and retraining were carried out thoroughly: at the end of December 1942, after a busy month theoretical training with daily exercises, the pilots began flying on new machines. In one of the training sorties, when immediately after takeoff the thrust dropped sharply due to an engine failure, Kozhedub decisively turned the plane around and glided to the edge of the airfield. Having hit hard during landing, he was out of action for several days. On his first sortie to cover the airfield, he came under attack by enemy fighters, trying to attack a group of bombers, and then fell into the fire zone of his own anti-aircraft artillery. His plane was severely damaged, Kozhedub miraculously survived.
During the 40th sortie on Kursk Bulge paired with his constant wingman V. Mukhin, Kozhedub shot down his first German - "lappet". Kozhedub won 4 official victories. He did not lose a single car, although it happened to burn, bring holes, land on airfields dotted with funnels. Two of his machines are best known. One - La-5FN with bright, white inscriptions with red edging on both sides had an amazing front-line fate. On this plane, Kozhedub fought May - June 1944, shot down 7 aircraft. The second is La-7, tail number 27. Ivan Nikitovich flew this fighter in a "marshal's" guiap, ended the war on it, shot down 17 enemy vehicles on it.
On February 19, 1945, over the Oder, paired with Dmitry Titarenko, he met the Me-262. It was one of the first air victories over a jet aircraft in world aviation. In April 1945, Kozhedub drove off a couple of German fighters from the American B-17 and noticed a group of approaching aircraft. The Soviet ace fired at the leader - he exploded in the air.
This battle was one of the first skirmishes in the air with the Americans, heralding a great air war In Korea. In total, during the war, Ivan Nikitovich conducted 330 sorties, 120 air battles, personally shot down 62 enemy aircraft. After the war of the guard, Major Kozhedub continued to serve in the 176th GIAP. At the end of 1945, in the Monino train, he met a tenth grader, Veronica, who soon became his wife. In 1949, Ivan Nikitovich graduated from the VVA, was appointed to the post of division commander near Baku, but V. Stalin left him near Moscow. Among the first, the division was armed with the MiG-15 and at the end of 1950 was sent to Far East. From March 1951 to February 1952, in the skies of Korea, Kozhedub's division scored 215 victories, shot down 12 "superfortresses", losing 52 aircraft and 10 pilots. It was one of the brightest pages combat use jet aviation in history Soviet Air Force. Kozhedub was forbidden to personally participate in hostilities, and he made only training flights. During his business trip, Colonel Kozhedub not only carried out the operational management of the division, but also took an active part in the organization, training and rearmament. The life of the commander himself, who became a major general in the summer of 1953, remained unsettled. His family huddled either in a makeshift hut at the airfield or in an old dacha.
A year later, he was sent to study at the Academy of the General Staff. He passed part of the course externally, after graduating from the academy, Kozhedub was appointed first deputy head of the Combat Training Directorate of the country's Air Force, from May 1958 to 1964. he was the first deputy commander of the Air Force of the Leningrad, and then the Moscow military districts. Ivan Nikitovich until 1970 regularly flew fighter jets, mastered dozens of types of aircraft and helicopters. From the post of commander of the Air Force of the Moscow Military District, he returned to the post of First Deputy Head of the Air Force Combat Training Directorate, from where he was transferred almost 20 years ago. In 1978, he was transferred to the group of inspectors general of the USSR Ministry of Defense. In 1985 he was awarded the rank of air marshal. All this time, Kozhedub meekly conducted a huge public work.
Budyonny Semyon Mikhailovich(April 13 (April 25) 1883 - October 26, 1973) - one of the first Marshals of the Soviet Union in the history of the revolution in Russia. Budyonny was called up for service in the pre-revolutionary Russian army at the age of 20. He came from a family of a landless laborer. Then - "an errand boy" with a merchant, an assistant blacksmith, a stoker ...
In the army, Budyonny was enrolled in the cavalry, participated in Russo-Japanese War. imperialist war began for him with a battle near Warsaw. A few days later he proved himself in intelligence and was awarded George Cross. He finished the war on the Russian-Turkish front with a full "bow" of St. George's crosses of all four degrees and four medals. The October Revolution has come to an end. Demobilization began throughout the army. Together with other soldiers, the brave cavalryman was returning home, but he took with him from the front a saber, a rifle and a cavalry saddle. I felt it would come in handy. Soon a civil war began in the south of Russia, on the Don. The White Cossacks approached the village of Platovskaya, where the Budyonny family lived.
1918: Budyonny - commander of the detachment. volunteers, squadron commander, cavalry division, assistant commander of the regiment, brigade, acting commander. 1919; Budyonny - division commander, cavalry corps, commander of the 1st Cavalry Army ... great merit Budyonny had an understanding of the role of cavalry in the new conditions civil war: cavalry squadrons and regiments of Budyonny attacked swiftly and suddenly, always looking for a fight and invariably put to flight a more numerous enemy. One of the first Semyon Mikhailovich began to seek the creation of cavalry formations that could independently solve operational and strategic objectives, And such a connection is the first in the world military history- was created; First cavalry army. The incredible difficult conditions she carried out a number of classic offensive operations, defeated the countless hordes of Mamontov and Shkuro, Denikin, Wrangel and made huge contribution in victory Soviet Republic over the Whites and interventionists. The thousand-mile crossing of the First Cavalry from the Kuban to Ukraine in the spring of 1920, conceived and brilliantly carried out by Budyonny, entered the history of military art. Southwestern Front. Budyonny was a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR and an inspector of the cavalry of the Red Army, commander of the troops of the Moscow military district and deputy people's commissar of defense of the USSR or, already in the Great Patriotic War, commander-in-chief of the troops of the South-Western and North Caucasus directions, commander of the cavalry Soviet army and a member of the Headquarters Supreme High Command. However, the latter positions were mostly honorary in nature, since already at the beginning of the Second World War, when the tasks of the cavalry began to be performed by tank formations, Budyonny's military knowledge was depreciated. During the war of 1941-1945, no significant military operations were committed with his participation. In 1924 Budyonny was involved in political struggle on the side of I. Stalin (Stalin and Voroshilov were members of his military revolutionary council). A fragment of the biography of that time is described in ruthless terms by Stalin's secretary Bazhanov in his book of memoirs: “In the end, somehow they decided to let him go to a meeting of the famous Politburo. I give orders to let the called military into the hall, including Budyonny. Budyonny enters on tiptoe, but his heavy boots rumble loudly. Between the table and the wall, the passage is wide, but the whole figure of Budyonny expresses fear - lest something be knocked down and broken. He is shown a chair next to Rykov. Budyonny sits down. His mustache sticks out like a cockroach. He looks straight ahead and obviously does not understand anything about what is being said. He seems to be thinking: "Here you go, this is that famous Politburo, which, they say, can do anything, even turn a man into a woman. "Then Budyonny became a marshal, and in 1943 he even entered Central Committee parties.
Three people were awarded with three Gold Star medals: Marshal of the Soviet Union Budyonny S.M. (02/01/1958, 04/24/1963, 02/22/1968), Colonel-General of Aviation Kozhedub I.N. (02/04/1944, 08/19/1944, 08/18/1945) and Air Marshal Pokryshkin A.I. (05/24/1943, 08/24/1943, 08/19/1944).
The appearance of the highest degree of distinction of the USSR is directly related to the rescue of passengers and crew members of the Chelyuskin steamer.
Considering that for the evacuation of people who were on the sunken ship, Soviet pilots carried out an operation that had no analogues in world history, Soviet government I thought about the need to especially note this feat.
On April 16, 1934, the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, by a special decree, established "the highest degree of distinction - the assignment of the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for personal or collective services to the state associated with the commission."
It should be especially noted that no insignia for the Heroes of the Soviet Union was originally intended. The assignment of the title was marked exclusively by the presentation of a special diploma of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR.
The first assignment of the title of Hero of the Soviet Union took place on April 20, 1934, when the pilots who participated in the rescue of the Chelyuskinites were awarded with it: Anatoly Lyapidevsky, Sigismund Levanevsky, Vasily Molokov, Nikolai Kamanin, Mauritius Slepnev, Mikhail Vodopyanov and Ivan Doronin.
Pilots in the USSR in the 1930s were held in high esteem. No wonder that the first 11 Heroes of the Soviet Union represented exactly aviation.
Initially, the Heroes of the Soviet Union received only a diploma. Photo: Public Domain
Order and medal
The tradition, along with the awarding of the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, to present the Order of Lenin actually developed by itself. The fact is that the first 11 Heroes, along with the title, received the order, which was the highest award THE USSR.
In July 1936, this practice was legalized by the decision of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR - from now on, the Hero of the Soviet Union, along with the diploma, automatically received the Order of Lenin.
The number of Heroes grew - along with " Stalin's falcons” were marked by the military who fought in Spain, as well as participants in the battles on Lake Hassan.
The more Heroes became, the more the need for the appearance of some decal, according to which outstanding person anyone can find out.
This is how the medal was born. Golden Star”, the author of the sketch of which was architect Miron Merzhanov. The Gold Star medal as a distinction of the Heroes of the Soviet Union was approved on August 1, 1939, and the first Heroes to receive both the Gold Star and the Order of Lenin were participants in the battles near the Khalkhin Gol River.
Medal "Golden Star". Photo: Public Domain
Zhukov, Brezhnev and Savitskaya
In total, from 1934 to 1991, 12,776 people received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and absolute majority awards were given to those who distinguished themselves in the battles of the Great Patriotic War: more than 91 percent of all those awarded.
The absolute champions in "heroism" are Georgy Zhukov and Leonid Brezhnev. And outstanding commander, and the Secretary General are four times Heroes of the Soviet Union. At the same time, Brezhnev also has the title of Hero Socialist Labor. However, Brezhnev's awards have always been treated with a fair amount of humor. Suffice it to say that three titles of the Hero of the Soviet Union were awarded to Brezhnev in the period from 1976 to 1981, when the country's leader was rapidly losing his ability to work and be critical of the surrounding reality.
Oddly enough, but despite the heroism Soviet women, only one of them was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union twice. However, it is more than worthy person- astronaut-pilot Svetlana Savitskaya, the first woman to walk in outer space.
Pilot-cosmonaut Svetlana Savitskaya. Photo: www.russianlook.com
Just thank you"
by the most the last Hero the Soviet Union became extremely unusual person — diving specialist, captain 3rd rank Leonid Solodkov. The decree on conferring the title for participation in a diving experiment simulating long-term work at a depth of 500 meters under water was signed on December 24, 1991.
The newly-minted Hero was invited to the Kremlin on January 16, 1992 to receive the award. The situation was extremely strange - the state, whose Hero was Leonid Solodkov, by this moment did not exist anymore three weeks. But the most interesting thing is that, according to military charter, Solodkov as an officer had to say "I serve the Soviet Union!".
It is impossible to quickly change the Charter, and Solodkov decided to act on his own. After Marshal Shaposhnikov presented the Hero with an award, he simply answered: “Thank you!”. This “Thank you” ended the history of the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, three years did not live to see his 60th birthday.
Many at that moment believed that there would be no more Heroes in our country. Like, nowhere, except for the USSR and the countries of the socialist bloc, such a system of distinction was practiced, despite the fact that it exists in almost all countries of the world.
Tradition is stronger than ideology
However, tradition turned out to be stronger than ideological changes in society. Already on March 20, 1992, the Supreme Soviet of Russia approved the establishment of the title of Hero Russian Federation.
The fundamental difference between the title of Hero of Russia and the Soviet predecessor is that it is awarded only once.
At the same time, the succession of two higher degrees the difference is confirmed by the fact that four Heroes of the Soviet Union at once became Heroes of the Russian Federation - this astronauts Sergei Krikalev and Valery Polyakov, polar scientist Artur Chilingarov and war pilot Nikolay Maidanov.
Among the Heroes of the Soviet Union were representatives of many nationalities big country- Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Tatars, Jews, Azerbaijanis, Chechens, Yakuts and many others.
No wonder that in many republics former USSR, which became independent states, a similar title was established. Including Russia, it exists in 11 out of 15 states in the expanses of the former USSR.
| tombstone | ||
| Bronze bust in Novosibirsk | ||
| Monument in Novosibirsk | ||
| Monument in Krasnodar (old view) | ||
| Memorial plaque in Kyiv | ||
| Memorial plaque in Novosibirsk (on the vocational school building) | ||
| Memorial plaque in Novosibirsk (on the factory building) | ||
| Monument in Novosibirsk (view 2) | ||
| Memorial plaque in Krasnodar | ||
| Bust in Zaporozhye | ||
| Memorial plaque in Kyiv | ||
| Bust in Novosibirsk | ||
| Memorial plaque in Novosibirsk (on the temple building) | ||
| Walk of Fame in Zaporozhye | ||
| Monument in Krasnodar (new view) | ||
| Memorial plaque in Kyiv (2) | ||
| Memorial plaque in Moscow (on the DOSAAF building) | ||
| Memorial plaque in Smolensk | ||
| Memorial plaque in Moscow (on the house where he lived) | ||
| Memorial plaque in Perm |
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P Okryshkin Alexander Ivanovich - fighter pilot; the first three times Hero of the Soviet Union.
Born on March 6 (19), 1913* in the city of Novonikolaevsk (now Novosibirsk) in a working class family. Russian. In 1928 he graduated from the 7th grade of the school. Since January 1923, he worked as a roofer in the artels of builders. He graduated from the seven-year school in 1928 and the FZU school at the Sibkombain plant in 1932. He worked as a fitter in a factory.
In the Red Army since June 1932. In 1933 he graduated from the 3rd Perm military school aviation technicians, in 1934 - the Leningrad military-theoretical aviation school. From December 1934 he served as a communications link technician in the 74th Infantry Division of the North Caucasian Military District (Krasnodar). At the same time he studied at the Krasnodar flying club. Wrote 40 reports to the commanders, the head of the Air Force, the people's commissar of defense. In November 1938, he nevertheless achieved his goal - he was sent to the 1st Kachin Military Aviation Pilot School named after A.F. Myasnikov, from which he graduated with honors in 1939.
Since December 1939 - junior pilot of the 55th Fighter Aviation Regiment of the Air Force of the Odessa Military District. One of the first in the regiment mastered the MiG-3 fighter. Soon he became a flight commander.
On the fronts of the Great Patriotic War from the first day. Member of the CPSU since 1942.
In the first sortie, by mistake, he shot down a Soviet Su-2 bomber piloted by the squadron commander of the 211th bomber aviation regiment M.I. Gudzenko. This incident would be remembered for a long time by both the authorities and the special officers. On June 23, in an air battle with the 5th "Me-109" in the area of the Prut River, he shot down one of them, but he himself was shot down. With with great difficulty reached his airfield and landed. In the summer of 1941, in the battles on southern front shot down several enemy aircraft, but due to the destruction of regimental documents, they were not counted to him. In November 1941, Senior Lieutenant Pokryshkin was appointed deputy squadron commander of the same regiment.
AT At the beginning of 1942, the regiment was transferred to the rear in Zakazkazie. Among other pilots, he mastered the P-39 Airacobra aircraft, even overtook these aircraft from Iran. He got to the front again only in the spring of 1943. He especially distinguished himself during the air battle in the Kuban in April - June 1943. It was here that his famous formula was born: "Altitude, speed, maneuver, fire." Squadron commander of the 16th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment (216th mixed aviation division, 4th air army, North Caucasian Front) Guard Captain Pokryshkin A.I. On April 12, in an air battle in the area of \u200b\u200bthe village of Krymskaya, right in front of the commander of the 4th VA, General K.A. Vershinin, he shot down 4 Me-109s. On the same day, he shot down 3 more aircraft. In total, by June 1943, he made 354 sorties, conducted 54 air battles, shot down 13 enemy aircraft personally and 6 in a group.
W and the exemplary performance of the combat missions of the command on the front of the struggle against the German invaders and the courage and heroism shown at the same time, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 24, 1943, the captain was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the award of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.
By August 1943, the squadron commander of the regiment (9th Guards Fighter Aviation Division, 4th Air Army, North Caucasian Front), Major A.I. Pokryshkin made 455 sorties, personally shot down 30 enemy aircraft. W and outstanding feats on the front of the fight against the German invaders of the Guard Major Pokryshkin Alexander Ivanovich By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of August 24, 1943, he was again awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Later he participated in battles over the Black Sea and over the Dnieper.
P Okryshkin was the author of many new tactics for fighters. I always carried an album with me in which I drew diagrams. air battles(now kept in the Central Museum Armed Forces). One of the first to practice free hunting". He himself piloted excellently, thoroughly knew the design of the aircraft ( former technician!). His tactics and fighting techniques were then spread to all fronts. In February 1944, he was summoned to Moscow by Air Force Commander A.A. Novikov offered to take the post of head of the aviation school, but Pokryshkin refused and returned to the front.
From March 1944 - commander of the 16th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment (of the same division, 7th Fighter Aviation Corps, 8th Air Army, 1st Ukrainian front). Guard Lieutenant Colonel Pokryshkin A.I. by May 1944, he made 550 sorties, in 137 air battles he personally shot down 53 enemy aircraft. Since May 1944 - commander of the 9th Guards Fighter Aviation Division. On the "Aerocobra" P-39N with tail number 100 participated in the battles over the Prut and Yassy, in the Lvov-Sandomierz operation.
"Z and the exemplary performance of the combat missions of the command and heroic deeds on the front of the fight against fascist german invaders by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of August 19, 1944, Guards Colonel Alexander Ivanovich Pokryshkin was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union three times with the third Gold Star medal.
He became the first three times Hero of the Soviet Union!
To commanding a division, liberated Poland, Romania, participated in the Berlin offensive operation. Ended the war in Czechoslovakia ( last Stand spent May 9, 1945 over Prague). In total, he made more than 650 sorties, in 156 air battles he personally shot down 59 (according to unofficial data 75) and in a group of 6 enemy aircraft. During the Victory Parade on June 24, 1945 on Red Square in Moscow, he carried the Banner of the 1st Ukrainian Front.
After the war he continued to serve in the Armed Forces. In June 1945 he was sent to study. In 1948 he graduated from the Military Academy named after M.V. Frunze. Since January 1949 - Deputy Commander of the 33rd Air Defense Fighter Aviation Corps. From June 1951 - commander of the 88th Air Defense Fighter Aviation Corps (Rzhev). Since January 1956 - again at school.
In 1957 he graduated from the Higher military academy named after K.E. Voroshilov. From January 1958 - chief fighter aviation North Caucasian Air Defense Army. Since August 1959 - Commander of the Kyiv (since 1961 - 8th separate) Army of the Air Defense Forces of the country, at the same time in 1961-1968 - Deputy Commander of the Kyiv Military District for Air Defense Forces.
Since July 1968 - Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Air Defense Forces of the country.
Since August 1971 - Chairman of the Central Committee of the USSR DOSAAF.
Since November 1981 - military inspector-advisor of the Group of General Inspectors of the USSR Ministry of Defense.
Candidate of Military Sciences (1969). Candidate member of the Central Committee of the CPSU since 1976. He was elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 2-10 convocations (1946-1984). In 1979-1984 he was a member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
Military ranks:
military engineer of the 2nd rank (1935),
senior lieutenant (1939),
captain (1942)
major (June 1943)
lieutenant colonel,
colonel (2.07.1944),
major general of aviation (3.08.1953),
Lieutenant General of Aviation (02/18/1958),
Colonel General of Aviation (1969),
air marshal (12/16/1972).Awarded 6 orders of Lenin (12/22/1941; 05/24/1943; 03/6/1963; 10/21/1967; 02/21/1978; 03/05/1983); order October revolution(5.03.1973); 4 Orders of the Red Banner (04/22/1943; 07/18/1943; 12/24/1943; 04/20/1953); 2 orders of Suvorov, 2nd degree (04/06/1945; 05/29/1945); Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree (03/11/1985); 2 orders of the Red Star (11/6/1947; 06/4/1955); Order "For Service to the Homeland in the Armed Forces of the USSR" 3rd degree (04/30/1975); medals: "For Military Merit" (November 3, 1944); "For the Defense of the Caucasus" (05/01/1944); "For the victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic war 1941-1945" (9.05.1945); "For valiant work in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" (06.06.1945); "For the liberation of Prague" (06.09.1945); "For the capture of Berlin" (09.06. .1945); "XXX years of the Soviet Army and Navy" (02.22.1948); "In memory of the 800th anniversary of Moscow" (04.07.1951); "40 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR" (12.18.1957); "For the development of virgin lands "(11/5/1964); "Twenty years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" (05/07/1965); "50 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR" (12/26/1967); "For military valor. In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin "(04/20/1970); "Thirty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" (04/25/1975); "60 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR" (01/28/1978) ; "For strengthening the military community" (05/31/1980); "In memory of the 1500th anniversary of Kyiv" (05/17/1982); "Veteran of the Armed Forces of the USSR" (04/30/1984); "Forty years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 years." (04/12/1985); foreign awards: Distinguished Service Medal of the Army of the United States of America, 1943 (in some sources the medal is called "For Distinguished Service"); orders of Tudor Vladimirescu 2nd and 3rd degrees (Romania); Order of Karl Marx (GDR); Order "Virtuti Military" ("Military Valor", Poland); Order "Polonia Restitva" ("Revival of Poland"); Order of Sukhe-Bator (MPR); Order of the Red Banner of the MPR; medals of Vietnam, Cuba, Bulgaria, East Germany, Czechoslovakia.
Honorary citizen of Novosibirsk.
A bust and a monument were erected in Novosibirsk, and the Marshal Pokryshkin metro station was named after him. A monument to the Hero was erected in Krasnodar, and a memorial plaque was installed on the house in which he lived. Memorial plaques have also been installed in Moscow, Kyiv, Perm and Novosibirsk. Streets in Moscow, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk, Krasnodar, Angarsk and other cities are named after A.I. Pokryshkin. The name of the Hero is the Novosibirsk educational aviation center and a technical school in Novosibirsk, was worn by the Kiev Higher Engineering Radio Engineering School of Air Defense.
Note: All reference books and books indicate the date of birth of A.I. Pokryshkin on March 6, 1913. However, it is not. In the metric book about birth, marriage and death according to the Tomsk Spiritual Consistory of the Intercession Church in Novonikolaevsk ( State Archive Novosibirsk region, case 156, inventory 1, No. 1444, sheet 75) there is a record of the birth on March 6 and the baptism on March 10 of the infant Alexander Pokryshkin. Thus, the date of March 6 is the date of birth of A.I. Pokryshkin according to the old style.
