CHRONOLOGY OF THE FEAT OF THE RESIDENTS OF THE CITY OF KALININ
Archival documents testify to the courage and steadfastness of the workers of the city of Kalinin and the Kalinin (now Tver) region in the fight against fascist german invaders during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945).
Already in July 1941, more than 225 thousand residents of Kalinin and the region went to the front, and in total during the Great Patriotic War over 600 thousand of our fellow countrymen defended their homeland with weapons in their hands as part of units and subdivisions of the Red Army and Navy. Only on the fronts of the war and in partisan detachments 278423 natives of our region died
Residents of Kalinin, other cities and towns were evacuated to Siberia, the Urals, and also to eastern regions areas. In July-December 1941, 58 industrial enterprises, equipment and rolling stock of 12 railway junctions, stations; valuables of banks, equipment of a number of hospitals, archives were taken out. However, all valuables could not be saved.
In July-August 1941, about 150 thousand workers from the city of Kalinin and the region worked on the construction of defensive structures on the line Rzhev - Olenino - Selizharovo - Ostashkov. 12 thousand Kalinin residents participated in the construction of defensive lines in the Leningrad region.
DEFENSE
In late September - early October 1941, the Germans launched Operation Typhoon, ultimate goal which was the capture of Moscow. A difficult situation has developed in the Kalinin direction.
By October 7-8, the cities of Bely, Andreapol, Nelidovo of the Kalinin region fell. Our armies continued to retreat. By October 10, the 31st Army was forced to retreat to Rzhev, where its headquarters was located, which did not have a clear idea of the situation. With this in mind, the Military Council Western Front(commander Georgy Zhukov and his deputy Ivan Konev) ordered the retreating units of the 31st Army to be transferred to operational management command of the 29th Army (commanded by I.I. Maslennikov). By the evening of October 12, 1941, the Germans took Olenino and Staritsa, and our troops of the 29th Army and the 31st Army were almost surrounded.
The command of the Western Front decided to withdraw the 29th Army to north coast Volga. It was not possible to organize a serious defense near Rzhev, and the troops of the 29th Army left Rzhev without a fight, retreating north, beyond the Volga. The next day, October 14, the Germans captured Rzhev and Kalinin.
By October 16 Soviet troops they retreated with fighting beyond the Volga and entrenched themselves at the line of Selizharovo - Staritsa. With the capture of Kalinin, the enemy got the opportunity to strike around Moscow from the north and northeast, as well as to the rear Northwestern Front.
On October 17, 1941, the Stavka withdrew three right-flank armies from the Western Front - the 22nd, 29th, 30th, forming the Kalinin Front under the command of Colonel General Ivan Stepanovich Konev. Ivan Konev took command of the front in hard days. Kalinin was taken by the Germans. The German 3rd tank group of General Reinhard tried to take Torzhok with one throw, reached Mednoye, took the crossing through Lagovezh, but was soon driven back by Vatutin's group to the northern outskirts of Kalinin.
Despite the superiority of the enemy in forces and means, the troops of the Kalinin Front, in cooperation with the group of troops of the North-Western Front under the command of General N.F. Vatutin defeated the enemy grouping that had broken through from Kalinin in the direction of Torzhok, and forced the Nazi troops in the Kalinin area to go on the defensive.
Leading an active defense, the Soviet troops thwarted an attempt made by the enemy on October 24 to break through from Rzhev to Torzhok, and by December 4 they were firmly entrenched on the line east of Selizharov.
active defense and offensive actions at the end of November 1941, our troops fettered 13 Nazi divisions, preventing them from being transferred to Moscow, where a decisive battle was unfolding at that time.
OFFENSIVE
The Kalinin Front under the command of Konev occupied an advantageous operational position, deeply enveloping the German fascist troops advancing on Moscow from the north. The troops of the front were opposed by the 9th Army Nazi German troops the Center group, which outnumbered our troops in artillery and tanks.
On December 5, 1941, the 29th and 31st Armies went on the offensive. Troops of the 31st Army of General V.A. Yushkevich occupied the defense along the left bank of the rivers Darkness and Volga from Tukhan to Kalinin. On December 5, the battalions of the 31st Army crossed the Volga and started fighting with the enemy. The Germans transferred reinforcements, and our troops were forced to leave Emmaus, Myatlevo, Oshurkovo. On December 7, our troops again liberated Emmaus,
December 8 went to railway near Chupriyanovka, on December 9, they took Koltsovo, Kuzminskoye, cut the Turginovskoye highway. By December 14, units of the 31st Army took Burashevo, Stary Pogost, and entered the Volokolamsk highway.
At this time, northwest of Kalinin, active fighting led the 243rd rifle division under the command of Major General V.S. Polenov. On December 5, during intense battles, units of the 243rd division reached Ogorodny and Isaevsky lanes, cleared Zatverechye, then on the morning of December 16 they reached Artillery lane, captured Nogin Boulevard on the other side of the Volga, captured the Tveretsky bridge, broke into the Stepan Razin embankment and Kooperativny lane ( now Tverskoy Prospekt), cleared the station and took up defense south of the station.
By 11 a.m. on December 16, 1941, fighting in the city of Kalinin no longer took place. The city was basically cleared of the invaders, and the units of the 31st army of General V.A. Yushkevich by 13 o'clock fully ensured the release of Kalinin.
On the afternoon of December 17, 1941, the commander of the division, Major General V.S. public organizations Kalinin The Red Banner is a sign of the transfer of power in the city by units of the Red Army to the local Council. This banner was hoisted over the building of the House Soviet army(now the House of Officers).
Waging intense battles, the troops of the Kalinin Front advanced 60-120 km in the southern and southwest directions and by January 7, 1942, they reached the line northwest of Rzhev, where they were stopped by the enemy. The "Rzhev ledge" failed to break through until March 3, 1943 ...
RELEASE PRICE
The victory near Kalinin came at a high price. More than 20 thousand soldiers of the Red Army died. In Kalinin, 7714 buildings were destroyed, 56% of the housing stock.
The Nazis blew up, burned, disabled 78 industrial enterprises, destroyed schools, hospitals, burned the regional library with funds of half a million volumes. During the occupation during the war years, the population of the Kalinin region decreased by 25% (in 1939 there were 2 million 170 thousand people, in 1946 there were 1 million 611 thousand people). During the occupation of the region, 40,846 civilians were killed.
Writer A. Fadeev in the article “Monsters-destroyers and people-creators” spoke about the crimes of the invaders in Kalinin: “Twelve corpses of young people were found in one of the basements of the city, two of them were no more than sixteen years old. All were killed with a blunt object, some had their eyes gouged out, some were tortured by hanging by their legs…”
ALL FOR THE FRONT
Despite the difficult situation, the workers of the Kalinin region contributed to the construction tank columns"Kalinin Front", "Kalinin Komsomolets" and a squadron of aircraft named after Hero Soviet Union E.I. Chaikina
215 million 165 thousand rubles.
The main burden of work in agriculture during the war fell on the shoulders of women, the elderly and teenagers. Replacing the men who went to war, in 1942, 463 women got behind the wheel of a tractor in the region. In 1943, 894 tractor drivers worked in 128 women's tractor brigades.
Seemed to be required long years in order to recover from such heavy damage that was inflicted on our region by the Nazi invaders. But already in 1950, the industry of the Kalinin region reached the pre-war level of production and began to gain momentum. forward movement forward. From October 1943, an excavator plant began to work, in 1947 the Tver plant of electrical equipment came into operation, in 1949 CHPP-4 was built. In 1950, the first chemical fiber production plants and a sand-lime brick plant were launched in Zaverechye.
MEMORY ON THE CITY MAP
In June 2005, the Tver City Duma, by its decision No. 67, satisfied the petition of veterans of the Great Patriotic War to assign names to two Tver streets in the new development of the Isaevsky residential area in honor of Generals Yushkevich and Polenov. In 2010, by presidential decree Russian Federation Tver assigned high rank"City of Military Glory".
In July 2011, in the Kalininsky district, at the Khvastovskaya ferry across the Volga, commemorative sign in honor of the soldiers who showed steadfastness, courage and heroism in the battles for the liberation of Kalinin in October 1941. Here, in October 1941, Soviet troops, which included Siberian divisions, created a bridgehead on the right bank of the Volga River and cut the Staritsa-Kalinin highway , thereby violating one of the important communications German troops. Under constant shelling and bombing German aviation from October 23 to 25, the Red Army crossed from the left to the right bank of the Volga. Many soldiers drowned in ice water. About 3 thousand soldiers died at the Khvastovskaya crossing. The feat of the Russian soldier will now be reminded of the wall of memory at the Khvastovskaya ferry.
The obelisk of Victory and the Smolensk military burial were reconstructed, and others were put in order memorable places. A large-scale renovation of the Victory Park has been carried out.
Expositions dedicated to the Great Patriotic War have been created in the city's schools, meetings with war veterans are organized, big job to collect memories of living veterans.
Where the Volga receives the Tvertsa River, ancient Tver is located on both of its rivers - a city that now bears the name of a native of the Tver province, M.I. Kalinin.
In the 15th century, the Russian merchant Afanasy Nikitin, who set off from Tver "over the three seas", penetrated faraway India before Vasco da Gama. Tver saw on its streets Radishchev, Pushkin, the famous architect Kazakov, who, after a terrible fire that almost destroyed the city, sketched out a plan for its new development together with other architects.
Although Tver stood on the bustling route from Moscow to St. Petersburg, for many decades it was considered a remote province, and it was not for nothing that A.N. Ostrovsky wrote: "Lifeless Tver streets I have not seen in all of Russia. "But with the advent of the first factories in the city, new story cities - history of heroic revolutionary struggle Tver proletariat. Strikes and strikes followed each other. In 1905, the Soviet of Workers' Deputies arose in the city, and in December of the same year, Tver sent its best sons to help the rebellious proletariat of Moscow.
In the years Soviet power the city of Kalinin became a large industrial and cultural center. The Nazis destroyed it. Now it has been restored and is growing every year. After the war, several thousand new buildings were built here.
Kalinin residents are proud of the monumental building of the Drama Theatre, the auditorium of which can accommodate 900 people, the Press House, the House of Party Education, and the Philharmonic Hall. Among the new buildings of the city are the buildings of the regional hospital, the Palace of Culture. The new regional library is a real book palace, one of the best buildings in the city. It has four reading rooms, a six-tier book depository. Hall for scientists transferred personal library M.I. Kalinin.
There are two educational institutions in the city: pedagogical institute and a medical institute opened in 1954.
Kalinin received a good gift on the eve of 1955: the first relay station in the country began to operate here. television center, which allows residents of the city and surrounding areas to watch the programs of the Moscow television center.
The Kalinin Carriage Works has increased its output by 28 times in 30 years. It produces, in particular, all-metal passenger cars. Other enterprises of the city provide the country with excavators, machines for peat extraction, equipment for textile factories, roof tiles, and silicates.
Kalininians are building the country's largest multicolor printing plant. It will release millions of well-designed color albums a year, sets of various visual aids, color reproductions. The plant has already started production of multicolor posters.
The Kalinin cotton mill "Proletarka" is widely known, which is being significantly expanded and reconstructed. Among his new products is staple fabric. The Kalinin artificial leather plant has mastered the production of "extra" soles for model shoes.
In the near future, the industry of the city will be replenished with clothing and silk-weaving factories, the Children's Book factory, a dairy plant and other enterprises.
A new river station was built on the arrow of the Volga and Tvertsa. The original round shape, open terraces with strict columns, monumental arcade give the building a solemn look. This is the best station on the Upper Volga.
Near the station, a new bridge is being built across the Volga, which will connect the city with the district.
Now the city of Kalinin is called a city Tver.
From 1931 to 1990, this city was called the city of Kalinin, in honor of Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin politician Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
And since 1990, it has been returned to the city former name Tver.
City Tver located on the banks of the Volga River.
Where the Volga receives the Tvertsa River, on both of its rivers is located ancient city(for the first time it is remembered in 1135) Tver, which was called Kalinin from 1931-1990 (in honor of M.I. Kalinin, a native of the Tver province). At present, Tver is a large industrial city.
The Russian city of Kalinin, now called Tver, has the following history of its development: it was founded in 1135 during the reign of Prince Vsevolod Mstislavich and named Tver, on November 20, 1931, the city of Tver, Moscow Region, was renamed Kalinin, in honor of the Soviet party and statesman, a native of the Tver province M. I. Kalinin.
Foundation date former city Kalinin - 1135th. And initially it was called - Tver. But from 1931 to 1990 of the last century, the name of the city was changed to Kalinin. And the region began to bear the name Kalininskaya.
In 1990, the name TVER was returned to the city, and the region automatically changed from Kalininskaya to Tverskaya.
Currently, the city of Kalinin wears its original name Tver. The city received its name Kalinin in 1931 in honor of the statesman of the USSR M.I. Kalinin. in 1990 the city was returned to its original name Tver.
In fact, there are several cities bearing the name Kalinin in Russia, and some of them still bear
this is the title. But we will talk about the regional center of Tver, which has been named Kalinin since 1931
to the 1990s.
Worth this beautiful city on the banks of the Volga, at the confluence of the rivers Tvertsa, Tmak,
Azure, Sominka.
For the first time Tver is mentioned in chronicles of the end of the 12th century. And from 1304 to 1327, under the prince
Mikhail, Tver was even the capital of Russian lands.
At present, Tver is a major industrial, cultural and scientific center Upper
Volga. There are about 20 higher educational institutions.
For the heroism of the inhabitants of the city during the Great Patriotic War city, in 2010, awarded
honorary title City of military glory.
This city was called the city of Kalinin for 59 years (1931-1990), and before that and after that it was called the city TVER.
The Tver settlement was founded on this site as early as 1135 and later it became the Tver principality (In 1247), the Tver province (In the 16th century).
The city that bore the name Kalinin, currently called Tver.
In general, Tver is historical name cities. And the city received the name Kalinin in 1931 in honor of the famous Soviet political figure Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin (he was from Tver). And the city bore this name until 1990.
Now this beautiful city is again called Tver.
The city of Kalinin is now called Tver. This is the original name of the city. That's what it was originally called. The city bore the name Kalinin from 1931 to 1990.
Tver - regional center(Tver region), located on the banks of the Volga. The distance to the capital is about 160 km.
Many cities were named in honor of the All-Russian headman Mikhail Kalinin. But under the name Kalinin, the ancient city of Tver is best known. So it was named at the time of its foundation, in 1135, and the principality, the specific center of which was this city, began to be called by his name. in 1931, in the wake of the renaming of ancient cities, and the founding of many new industrial centers, in the Soviet Union they renamed Tver to Kalinin, and after 4 years the region became known as Kalinin. In 1990, the reverse process began, the restoration of historical justice and the city of Kalinin, having existed for 59 years, again acquired the name of Tver, and the region - Tverskaya.
Monument to the famous traveler from Tver - Afanasy Nikitin:
This is a wonderful city of Tver, former Kalinin. Now the city will turn 880 this year, in 2015 the city of Tver is expected to celebrate the City Day. unforgettable, with the participation of famous people Russian show business.
Tver(in 1931-1990 Kalinin) - a city in the Russian Federation, the center of the Tver region, a port on the Volga, at the confluence of the Tvertsa River.
Population 405.6 thousand people (2006), the area of the city is 152.22 km², includes a number of natural forest parks: Komsomolskaya, Pervomaiskaya, Bobachevskaya, Birch groves and Sakharov Park (in 1982 state reserves). The city is located on the banks of the Volga, Tvertsa, Tmak, Lazur, Sominka rivers, 167 km from Moscow and 485 km from St. Petersburg. Large railroad station on the line Moscow - St. Petersburg.
Tver was first mentioned in chronicles under 1208-1209, but some suggest that the first settlements at the mouth of the Tmaka River existed as early as the 9th-10th centuries. Birch bark letters, found during excavations in the Tver Kremlin in the 80s of the 20th century, date back to the late 12th - early 13th centuries. Tver at that time was a small fortress located on the border of the Suzdal and Novgorod principalities.
In the first third of the 13th century, it became part of the Pereyaslav principality.
In the 13th century, Tver, like many other Russian cities, could not avoid Tatar-Mongol invasion. In 1238, the city was destroyed almost to the ground, but the inhabitants of the city quickly rebuilt it. In 1247 it passed to Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky. He made it the capital of the specific Tver principality. A few years later, the brother of Alexander Nevsky Yaroslav Yaroslavich, who is considered the founder of the Tver princely dynasty, settled in Tver.
In the second half of the 13th century, Tver, thanks to the favorable geographic location becomes a fairly large and rapidly developing city. She was located on trade route, connecting Novgorod with the northeastern and central lands Ancient Russia. During this period, the stone Three-domed Assumption Church in the Otroche Monastery, the Transfiguration Cathedral, and wooden fortress walls were built in Tver.
At the end of the 13th - 15th centuries, Tver was largest center liberation struggle of the Russian people against Tatar-Mongol yoke. From time to time, the inhabitants of Tver rebelled against oppression, but each time the uprisings were brutally suppressed by detachments sent from the Horde, and sometimes by neighboring princes. In 1327, Tver was destroyed and ravaged by the Moscow prince Ivan Kalita. After this event, Tver was no longer able to restore its former value in political life country, but continued to develop as a major economic center.
In the 14th-15th centuries, the Tver princes significantly fortified the city. In 1372, a ditch was dug from the Volga to the Tmaka River and a rampart was poured; in the 15th century, stone towers, while the fortress walls and all the buildings in the city remained wooden. Because of this, fires often occurred in Tver, destroying entire settlements at once. During this period, the “Tale of Mikhail Yaroslavich of Tverskoy” by Abbot Alexander, “The Word of Commendation to Prince Boris Alexandrovich of Tver” by monk Thomas were created in Tver.
In 1468-1475, the Tver merchant A. N. Nikitin made a trip to India and described it in detail in “Journey Beyond the Three Seas”, a remarkable monument of ancient Russian literature.
Unification with Moscow
In the first half of the 15th century, under Prince Boris Alexandrovich in Tver, a stone princely palace, the bell tower of the Transfiguration Cathedral, the stone churches of Ivan the Merciful, Boris and Gleb, Michael the Archangel and others were built. In 1485 the Principality of Tver was annexed to Moscow. In the late 15th and 16th centuries it was ruled by princely governors. In 1569, Tver was ravaged by the army of Ivan IV the Terrible, and at the beginning of the 17th century - by the Polish-Lithuanian invaders. Only by the middle of the 17th century the city was partially restored. In the second half of the 17th century, the complex of the Bishop's Court, the stone Vladimirskaya Tower, Gostiny Dvor with shopping malls were built in the Kremlin, and the Transfiguration Cathedral was rebuilt.
Tver in the 18th-19th centuries
Under Peter I in Tver, new wood-and-earth bastions were built on the site of the old wooden walls of the Kremlin. By 1709, the construction of the Vyshnevolotsk water system was completed, connecting the Volga with by the Baltic Sea. As a result, there has been a rapid increase economic importance Tver as an important transit point between the growing St. Petersburg and central Russia. Under Peter I, Tver is part of the St. Petersburg province and is the center of the Tver province.
In the 18th century, the first chemical manufactory in Russia, as well as leather and rope manufactories, worked in Tver. In 1763, a strong fire destroyed almost the entire city. Catherine II immediately issued a decree on the restoration of Tver, but according to a new regular plan. Construction works started the same year. On the territory of the Kremlin and the neighboring Zagorodsky Posad, the Travel Palace, ensembles of the Octagonal Square, the Volga River Embankment, Voznesenskaya and other central streets were erected. In the 70s of the 18th century, the regions of the Trans-Volga, Zaverechye and Zatmachye were rebuilt.
At the end of the 18th century, Tver was a large industrial city. Many small enterprises supplied yarn, linen, oil, candles, wax, leather and many other goods to other cities. In 1809, the Committee for the Improvement of the City was created in Tver, in which the famous metropolitan architect K. I. Rossi worked. According to his designs, the Nativity Cathedral, residential buildings on the embankment and in the city center were built. In the second quarter of the 19th century, the Ascension Church, a house Nobility Assembly and other civil buildings.
In 1839, the Tver Gubernskie Vedomosti began to appear in the city. In the 1860s, they opened public library and a museum (today Tver United Historical, Architectural and literary museum). In 1851, Tver was connected by the Nikolaevskaya railway with Moscow and St. Petersburg. In the second half of the 19th century, a steamship company, a weaving manufactory, a paper goods manufactory, a mechanical plant for the manufacture of parts for textile machines, sawmills and other enterprises were opened in Tver. During this period, various schools and schools were opened in Tver: the theological seminary, the Tver women's teacher's school, the diocesan women's college, feminine commercial school and others.
Tver in the 20th - early 21st centuries
In 1901, Tver was launched electric tram and street lighting was started, four years later a cinema was opened, in 1916 M. A. Bonch-Bruevich manufactured the first domestic radio tube in Tver. During the First World War, the Russian-Baltic Carriage Works and the air fleet were evacuated to Tver from Riga. After February Revolution In 1917, the Provisional Executive Committee of public organizations was organized in Tver, which worked until October 1917. Since 1919, all the central streets and squares in Tver were renamed, a struggle began with the church and the seizure of church property. In the 20-30s, dozens of churches were closed and destroyed, which were architectural monuments of the 17-19 centuries.
In 1929, the Tver province became a district within the Moscow region, in 1931 Tver was renamed the city of Kalinin in honor of M. I. Kalinin, in 1935 the city became the center of the Kalinin region. In October 1941, the city of Kalinin was captured German troops, but already in mid-December, the Russian armies liberated the city from the invaders. During the fighting in Kalinin, more than half of residential buildings and about seventy enterprises were destroyed. In 1943, restoration work began in the city.
In the 50s of the 20th century, a drama theater, the Palace of Culture, a library named after M. Gorky, a new bridge across the Volga were built. At the same time, many ancient buildings were destroyed: the Church of Philip the Apostle, built in 1774, the German church, the shopping malls on Krestyanskaya Square, the Alexander Nevsky Church and many others. In the second half of the 20th century, an electrical equipment plant, a chemical fiber plant (Khimvolokno), a silicate brick plant (Tverskoy Kombinat building materials N 2"), a printing plant for children's literature, a silk-weaving factory, a meat processing plant, a pharmaceutical factory, a fiberglass and fiberglass factory, and many others. Kalinin became not only a major industrial city, but also an important transport hub. In 1961, a river port was opened here, a district highway connecting the roads to Moscow, Leningrad, Rzhev, Volokolamsk.
In 1990, the city of Kalinin was renamed Tver, and the Kalinin region - Tver. Currently, about 410 thousand people live in the city, about 80 large industrial enterprises operate in twenty-eight industries. National economy and about 4 thousand small organizations and firms. There are five higher educational institutions, several research institutes, theaters, cinemas, a philharmonic society, a circus, and museums in Tver.
Detailed information about the city of Tver:
- Tver region. Information website of the administration of the Tver region
- Tver Regional Committee of State Statistics
- eTver.Ru - media portal Tver region. General socio-economic characteristics of the region, history reference. City news. Directory of links, announcements, dating
April 13th, 2010
200 dpi scans of a set of postcards from the Cities of the USSR series. Kalinin.
Publishing house "Planeta", Moscow, 1972. Photo by Papikyan
Scans are mine. As modern illustrations mainly previews from panoramio are used. Clickable and lead to the originals (panoramio allows you to determine the place where the photo was taken). The author is indicated if known. All copyrights remain with the authors. If you are the author and believe that your copyright has been violated, thumbnails will be immediately replaced with links.
The names of the postcards are given bold.
Tver Imperial Travel Palace (Catherine II Travel Palace). It was built in 1764-1777 according to the project of Nikitin with the participation of Kazakov (wiki claims "according to the project of Kazakov") on the site of the bishop's house, which burned down in 1763 along with the Tver Kremlin. In 1809 it was reconstructed according to the project of Rossi. Since 1898 - the residence of the Tver governors. In 1917-1918 - the Council of Workers and soldiers' deputies and the provincial committee. In 1918-1935 this building housed city Library. In 1935-1961 - the regional executive committee. The building was destroyed in the autumn of 1941, restored in 1942-1948. The building houses the Historical, Architectural and Literary Museum and the Tver Regional Art Gallery.
old postcard, central part palace (posted by and11):
Revolution Square = Cathedral Square.
Photo (impreso):
As historical anecdote: in 1936, when planning the construction of the subway in Kalinin (let me remind you, Tver was renamed Kalinin in 1931), they planned to rename the square into "Metrostroevskaya".
Modern photo against the backdrop of the Tver Imperial Travel Palace (VladNes)
The monument to Kalinin was erected on the site of the Tver Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Savior: 
In fact, it would be more correct to call it the second Transfiguration Cathedral. The first one (founded in 1285) burned down and was rebuilt several times, dismantled to the foundation in the late 1680s. New Cathedral was built (on the model of the Assumption Cathedral in Moscow) in 1689-1696. The cathedral building was blown up in 1935. At this place in 1937, a square was laid out with a concrete sculpture of Lenin and Stalin sitting on a bench. During the occupation of the city, the Germans blew up this monument and placed a soldier's cemetery on this site, which was liquidated after the liberation of the city. Currently, a memorial cross to Mikhail Tverskoy is installed at this place. modern monument Kalinin was installed in 1955.
More about the Transfiguration Cathedral:
Salimov A.M. Tver Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral. - Tver, 1994. - 368 p., ill. (second edition in 2008) or http://russian-temples.ru/articles/spasopreobragenskiy-sobor-v-tveri.html
3. View of the Volga. new bridge
Other names - Novovolzhsky, concrete. Built in 1953-1956.
Cast-iron arches over the river - from the Blagoveshchensky (Nikolaev) bridge in St. Petersburg, built in 1842-1850 - the first permanent bridge across the Neva.
In 1918-2007 it was called the Lieutenant Schmidt Bridge. The original cast-iron arches were replaced with steel ones during the reconstruction of the bridge in 1936-1938, and the original cast-iron elements of the superstructures (cast in the 40s of the 19th century!!!, about 900 pieces in total) were used in the construction of the New Bridge in Kalinin.
Modern photo (pnaleks):
The building of the regional committee of the CPSU.
Currently - the Legislative Assembly of the Tver region. Modern photo:
Historical names: Semicircular, Postal. Designed in the 1760s by P.R. Nikitin.
In the autumn of 1919, one of the first monuments to Lenin was opened on the square (sculptor B.V. Lavrov). Blown up by the Germans after the capture of Kalinin.
Returning to the scan of the postcard: the building on the right was built in mid-nineteenth century, from 1896 it housed the provincial zemstvo council, from 1918 - the provincial executive committee, from 1919 - the party committee, from 1935 to 1969 - the regional committee of the CPSU, then the regional administration Agriculture. In 1944-45 the building was rebuilt. Since 1985 - the regional executive committee, since 1991 - the Administration of the Tver region. The residence of the Governor of the Tver region is also located there. The building on the left (also used by the Administration of the Tver Region) was built in 1949 on the site of a building destroyed by the Germans in 1941. The monument to the Prince of Tver Mikhail Yaroslavich (Holy Blessed Grand Duke Michael) was built in 2008. Modern photo (gunter49):
Modern photo of the square (Maxim Sharapov):
The Tver tram was originally (since 1901) single-track with sidings on a 1000 mm gauge. The transition to a wide gauge of 1524 mm was carried out in 1930. Since the mid-1990s, by decrees of the city authorities, the operation of the tram has been discontinued and tram rails on Sovetskaya and other streets. The basis is the fight against traffic jams.
The old theater building was destroyed in 1941. The new building was built in 1951.
7. Book store"Knowledge"
Kaposvár Square (until 1967 - Round Square). It was named after the Hungarian city of Kaposvár, Kalinin's sister city. Actually the store is built into the building of one of the first "skyscrapers" in Kalinin. Currently has vernacular name- "area of nightmares" because of complex organization movement and a large number accidents.
Modern photo (Mikhail Gribov) with opposite side area:
8. Regional Library named after A.M. Gorky
It was built on the site of the Church of the Sign (the Church of the Sign of the Blessed Virgin Mary) destroyed in the 1930-1940s, in which the Youth Theater was located for some time before the war.
The main entrance uses the surviving walls of the portico of the church. The building was built in 1951-1954.
Modern photo:
9. Motel "Tver"
Renovated in 2008-2009. Currently called the hotel "Tver"
Before reconstruction:
Specially protected area.
A modern photo, I can’t vouch for the strict correspondence of the place, but there is a bench :)
Previously, on the site of the obelisk, there was a temple of St. Nicholas on the Menagerie
Operated until 1934, since 1936 - the club. Blown up in the late 1960s.
The Victory Obelisk was opened in 1970.
Modern photo (Sergey Duhanin).
