In Russia, teachers are trained at 167 universities. On average, about 100,000 future teachers graduate from them annually. At the same time, according to opinion polls, only 10 percent of graduates agree to work at the school. And is it any wonder if 80 percent of applicants admitted that they go to study not at all in order to later sow smart, kind, eternal, but for the sake of a diploma and a general humanitarian higher education, with which you can always get a job somewhere.
To change the situation, the Ministry of Education and Science has prepared a draft concept for supporting the development of teacher education, which will change the entire system of teacher training.
The great physicist Albert Einstein was also not very lucky with his teachers. A photo: ITAR-TASS
There are a lot of claims to graduates. They do not know how to work with a team, they are not ready to move to new school standards which became mandatory three years ago. And, surprisingly, they do not like children. Here is what, for example, the director of school N2 in the city of Skopina says Ryazan region Elena Ivanova: "The school lacks teachers of physics, mathematics, the Russian language. We need teachers, but I have a lot of complaints about pedagogical institutes: they teach in the old fashioned way, and teacher practice is also organized in the old fashioned way. As a result, graduates do not even have a clue about the methodology for conducting lesson."
It happens that previously convicted people and teachers who were generally deprived of the right to teach for professional incompetence end up in a school. As it turned out, a teacher of Russian language and literature worked in one of the Moscow schools, who at one time Kaluga region recognized as unsuitable. Settling in new job she hid it. What this woman taught children is a big question.
How to get rid of the school bad teachers? How to attract the best graduates of pedagogical universities to the education system? What selection should be made for applicants-future teachers?
Here's what's on offer today: to teachers who have received a good education, not lower than the master's, will be given increased salaries, and students and interns will be paid the entire teaching practice and school internships. It will be more difficult to get into Pedagogical Universities now. On the pedagogical specialties introduce additional entrance exams. 
The target set will remain, but the requirements for applicants - future teachers will become much stricter. So, after studying at a teacher training university, whether you like it or not, you will have to return home for practice. Or pay a fine, as prescribed in the new Law "On Education in the Russian Federation." By the way, the person who issued the referral but did not hire the graduate will also pay the fine.
Universities will have programs of universal and pedagogical bachelor's degree, will develop master's programs for those who already have higher education and would like to teach at school. Teacher training programs will open for students who want to become teachers.
Recall that Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky did not receive a pedagogical education at all. He brilliantly graduated from the law faculty of Moscow State University. Anton Semenovich Makarenko after school first went to the railway school, and only then to the pedagogical courses.
There will be a master's program for teachers-methodologists and managers. Priority will be given to those already working in the field of education.
As part of the experiment, 25 best pedagogical universities will open their departments in schools. And it will be possible to improve the qualifications of teachers of pedagogical institutes even at the Academy of Sciences. In total, from 17 to 25 universities will join the program at the first stage. In 2016-2017, the experience will be extended to all universities.
Teacher, who is he?
According to latest study Institute of Pedagogical Education of the Russian Academy of Education, a portrait of the average school teacher looks like this today:
Woman aged 47;
Has a higher pedagogical education (almost 82 percent of them);
Receives less than 20 thousand rubles;
It rarely happens in the theater;
Not very confident with computers.
Competently
Which pedagogical universities should be closed? Who will pay for teaching internships for students? When will appear additional exam for future teachers? Nadezhda Shaidenko, Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Education, tells about this to RG.
- If future teachers have to take an additional entrance examination how will it go?
Nadezhda Shaidenko: It should be some sort of aptitude test. Can't be allowed into elementary grades a teacher who can't pronounce half the letters of the alphabet. You can’t let teachers who don’t like children go to school, there’s no place evil people. At one time, for many years I was the rector of a pedagogical university, and when my parents asked how to choose for a first-grader good teacher, I advised: "Come to school during the lesson and listen outside the door how the teacher communicates with the class. If he screams, stamps his feet, kicks someone out, you need to run away from such a teacher." School is not a place for people with weak nerves. All this can be checked with the help of psychological tests.
Based on the results of the first monitoring, 71 percent of the pedagogical universities were found to be ineffective. Why do we need such pedagogical institutes?
Nadezhda Shaidenko: Each case of the closure of pedagogical universities must be considered separately. In Tula, for example, there are only two state universities- classical and pedagogical universities. And there are many such cities. Many pedagogical universities at one time "hid" behind signs " humanitarian Institute" or " social academy"but continue to cook teaching staff. In monitoring, they are not considered pedagogical, but in fact they are. And if earlier we were talking about pedagogical universities, now we are talking about teacher education, which can indeed be obtained in different universities.
- In the concept, it will be divided into applied and universal baccalaureate. What it is?
Nadezhda Shaidenko: Applied pedagogical bachelor's degree will be opened in colleges, pedagogical institutes and graduate, for example, teachers primary school. And the universal baccalaureate will open for subject teachers and become more high level teacher qualifications. Not always a bachelor's degree is designed for four years. There is also a five-year, for example, for faculties with dual specialties: physics-mathematics, biology-chemistry.
The next level is the pedagogical magistracy, and the concept separately stipulates that graduates of the magistracy will receive more high salary. Such education will be required if a teacher, for example, is preparing to work in inclusive schools or classes. What will be the increase, how it will be calculated, all this still needs to be discussed and discussed. If a teacher goes to study for a master's degree, the workload at school will be reduced, and the rate will remain the same.
- The concept says that universities will be able to open departments in schools. How do you imagine that?
Nadezhda Shaidenko: It should be borne in mind that universities and schools are funded from different sources. School - from the municipal budget, and universities - from the federal. So all the details networking should be detailed and legislated. Intergovernmental funding is a very complex issue.
- Who will pay for the practice and internship of students at the school?
Nadezhda Shaidenko: There is nothing new here. The practice was always paid from the pocket of the university and was calculated by the hours that the student or trainee spent at the school. Incidentally, the concept different types internships. Including - a three-year support of young teachers by more experienced mentors.
- What faculties of pedagogical universities are most in demand among applicants?
Nadezhda Shaidenko: Faculty of Informatics. Good for biology and chemistry. Traditionally, a lot goes to the historical, philological faculties. Less often choose Faculty of Physics, because they know physics worse and pass the exam in physics poorly. Although teachers in this subject are sorely lacking.
The concept states that students will be able to choose individual trajectories- this is a truly valuable and innovative thing. Everyone will have the opportunity to change their training programs and already at the stage of study to change future profession. For those who suddenly realized that they want to be a teacher, and not an engineer or a doctor, there will be an opportunity to get a pedagogical education.
Meanwhile, in Russia, for the first time, a teacher standard has been developed. What does the "standard" look like? According to its authors, now all school teachers should be generalists: to master the latest techniques teaching, to know psychology, to understand medicine, to master correctional pedagogy, computer technology and project activities and much more.
On the one hand, everyone agrees that it is necessary to work at the maximum level. But it is difficult to demand from people what no one has ever taught them. Or once they taught a little at the university, but then they never used this knowledge in their life.
Evgeny Yamburg, Chairman working group for the preparation of the draft pedagogical standard, director of the Moscow Education Center N 109:
In fact, the standard should make the teacher free, free him from the huge paper work, preparing reports, checks and give him the opportunity to do his direct business - teaching schoolchildren. The main risk for implementing the standard is active use administrative resource and an attempt to hold a "five-year plan in two years."
Officials on the ground demand to implement something that has not yet been approved and not even fully developed. There are regions where, under the slogan: "We are for inclusive education, it is spelled out in the professional standard" - they close remedial schools for children with mental problems, and students with special needs transferred to regular educational institutions. In fact, everyone suffers from this: teachers who quickly completed monthly refresher courses are simply not able to provide normal work a team that has such diverse students.
Isak Froumin, scientific director Institute of Education high school economy:
The professional standard will allow taking into account the quality of the teacher's work when calculating his salary. Now all over the country teachers are being raised salaries - this is the implementation of the decision of the country's authorities. But this happens primarily due to an increase in load. The ideology of "hourly work" is preserved, when the main thing is to spend as much as possible more lessons. The standard will allow you to link wages with qualifications, which will be revealed during the certification of the quality of work in accordance with professional standard. But this transition must be done very carefully. It is possible to introduce attestation of teachers only simultaneously with the introduction of professional standards in school life.
Marat Alimov, Russian language teacher at Moscow School N 143, "Teacher of the Year" in Moscow in 2006:
This standard in more is focused on the state order, which we turn to pedagogical universities, we say: this is the kind of teacher we need. But the problem is that average age teachers in the school are becoming obsolete. The question arises: will this one hang a little romantic dream? Can it be put into practice?
To school, like in space
In Germany, future teachers choose two subjects at the university that they want to make the basis of their education. Each student is required to take a course in Educational Science, which includes psychology, sociology, didactics and practice. You can become a teacher only after two state examinations, which are held in specially created examination departments. They take exams for future teachers, doctors and lawyers.
For admission to the first exam, you must complete a master's degree, which is about five years. The first exam checks theoretical knowledge two main subjects and the course "Science of Education". Then the future teacher must pass a two-year practical course training in elementary or secondary education. The students actually work in the schools and receive the official state salary of "teacher in preparatory service". After practice, they must pass the second state exam. Usually - in the form of a colloquium.
The second state exam is more important. It gives the opportunity to become a teacher, and the vast majority of German teachers receive the status of a state official. What does lifetime mean workplace, the impossibility of dismissal, payment of medical insurance, vacations, high salaries and state pensions.
True, in recent times in some Länder, young teachers in the status of civil servants were admitted to schools - with lower salaries and no protection from dismissal. However, when applying for a job, they are subject to the same requirements as teachers in the status of a civil servant.
Strict teacher training is bearing fruit: more than 90 percent of children study in public schools. There is good free education trusted by both parents and children.
A primary school teacher is perhaps one of the noblest and most intelligent professions. AT teaching activities most often achieve success and work in this area for years. To become an elementary school teacher you need to have appropriate level vocational training and get trained in a specialized program.
Who Can Become a Primary School Teacher?
We have three groups of students:
1) Graduates of schools that have USE results and want to get a first higher education (ages 17-22)
2) College (technical) graduates who wish to get higher education (age 21-35 years old)
3) Those who want to get a second higher education (age 25-40 years old)
In other words, in order to receive the specialty "Primary School Teacher", admission after the 11th grade is not at all necessary. You can get this specialty with a higher education, or a diploma of secondary vocational education.
Education is conducted on undergraduate and graduate programs. Bachelor's degree means initial degree higher education. In order to get it, you need to study for between 3.5 and 4.5 years. Master's degree is carried out within the framework of second higher education programs and lasts 2-3 years.
How to enroll in undergraduate or graduate programs?
For admission, it is enough to provide a document on education (certificate or diploma), data on passing the exam and write an application for admission to a university or college, provide a copy of the passport. In addition, you must submit internal exams for admission to the primary teacher.
Subjects for admission to primary school teachers are Russian, biology and mathematics. When teaching, apply modern techniques learning using distance technologies.
The cost of the program "Primary school teacher"
The tuition fee starts from 15,000 rubles per semester (six months).
Duration of study: from 3 years 6 months
After studying at our university, the graduate will acquire:
Theoretical knowledge that will help in practical work:
High culture of speech;
Deep knowledge of the subjects of study;
Understanding of modern and advanced pedagogical methods;
Change age features younger children school age that influence the behavior and assimilation of educational material;
Practical experience, without which it is impossible to become a master in your field:
The ability to understand the emotions and condition of children, the motivation of their behavior;
The ability to arouse in children an interest in learning and achieving a high result;
Psychological analysis of the child and the climate in microgroups.
Benefits of distance learning:
Distance learning using Internet technologies saves a lot of time and reduces training costs. In addition, the student has the opportunity to choose the duration of classes and their time. Most of our students are enterprising young people who lead an active lifestyle. They value their time. Therefore technology distance learning successfully used in training in the specialty "Primary school teacher".
On the website of the Pedagogical University of our city of Kazan (KSPU) in the section What exams are required for admission. Primary school teachers must pass an exam in mathematics and the Russian language. I think universities in other cities have the same exams.
There are two ways to get this profession - College of Education and pedagogical institute. It is easier to enter various exams in a teacher training college, but honestly I do not advise soon teachers will only have higher education. Everyone will be forced to study more. So it is better to immediately prepare for admission to the university.
I rummaged through the internet and found that to the college of St. Petersburg they take without exams. More details. Open the admission rules.
Each school has its own rules passing exams and accordingly, it itself sets a framework for certain disciplines, the main of which are mathematics and the Russian language. It should be noted that now, in most cases, primary school teachers with higher education are often in demand, and they are reluctant to look at those who have received only secondary vocational education. Therefore this is what you need to put your attention first of all, before choosing where you want to do.
Where I used to study, there were also students who studied to be primary school teachers. It was about three years ago and they handed over, as I remember for admission, the Russian language, mathematics and composition. Now I can't say for sure, maybe something has already changed.
Compulsory subjects for all teachers include Russian and mathematics. These items must be passed in order to receive a certificate. It is better for you to learn about additional subjects directly in the educational institution. So, for example, for a history teacher, it is necessary to pass the Unified State Examination in Russian, history and social science, and the Unified State Examination in mathematics is mandatory for obtaining a certificate. In other universities, you need to take biology. Specify, because you need to start preparing for the exam at least six months in advance in order to pass it with good or excellent marks.
Who doesn't remember their elementary school teacher.
Many keep photos of him or her with the first teacher.
But to become a teacher of elementary grades, you must complete pedagogical school/college, at least.
Upon admission after grade 11, you must provide certificates of UTSOKO in the following subjects: Ukrainian language and literature, mathematics or history of Ukraine (in some UZs).
After the 9th grade, you need to take exams (see below):
For admission to the primary school teacher, you will need to pass compulsory subjects- Russian language and mathematics. amount budget places and exams for additional items determines the educational institution
I entered pedagogical university in 2005 at the Faculty of Primary School. I passed the Russian language and literature (composition) and mathematics (test).
And now, probably, Russian and mathematics in the Unified State Examination are accepted, plus some other subjects.
Probably depends on what subject you want to be a teacher. In any case, you will need to take the Russian language, literature and probably biology.
To former schoolboy enrolled as a primary school teacher, he must pass two subjects. These subjects are: Mathematics and Russian. How could it be without them. After all, a self-respecting teacher simply must be able to read, write and count.
Regarding other subjects, I can only say one thing - when applying to a certain institute, they will tell you about them.
The specialty Primary school teacherquot ;, as well as subject teachers, is one of the most sought after in Ukraine. However, in our country, with this most important area of activity, there is quite a paradoxical situation. On the one hand, the meager wages, from which even those crumbs of allowances are now taken away, of course, scare away young talented teachers from working at the school. On the other hand, even having settled in their specialty, they face the problem of teachers retirement age who remain in the workplace until the last, due to a beggarly pension. Thus, often, a lot of guys after a pedagogical university, in order to have a full-time job, are forced to work part-time, torn between two schools,.
However, one who truly sees his own true purpose in the upbringing and education of our younger generation, can enter the teacher elementary school both at a teacher training college and at a university.
In a pedagogical school for a primary school teacher, it is necessary to pass the UPE in Ukrainian language and literature, mathematics. In the pedagogical institute (university) - also Ukrainian language and literature, mathematics - mandatory, and depending on the university - biology or history of Ukraine.
Everyone who is not indifferent to the fate of our state, unless of course you like to mess with the kids, and they are drawn to you with all their pure soul, join, in spite of everything, to our glorious cohort of teachers!
Primary school teacher is a noble and intelligent profession. Usually in this area they succeed and stay for a long time by calling. Be sure to learn more about the specialty if you feel like you're a born primary school teacher. Where to get education and necessary qualifications for employment in this profession?
Teacher profession description
At first glance, it seems that the main task and the function of any teacher is to teach his students. it true statement for most sciences and fields of knowledge. Still, a primary school teacher is a rather specific profession. Within the framework of this position, an employee of a general education institution must be both an educator, a teacher and a psychologist. A primary school teacher should teach to read, write and educate his wards. Where to get an education of proper quality, you should think in advance. Working with elementary school students has a lot of subtleties. For each of his wards, the teacher must find individual approach. In addition to studying general education program elementary school teacher working with children amateur art, organizes cultural life class, prepares its students to participate in school-wide and city competitions. Do you think you know how to work as an elementary school teacher? Do not forget that the specifics of this profession also involves working with documents and productive interaction with the parents of students.
Pros and cons of teaching
People who love children very much and enjoy communicating with them feel good in the position of a teacher. Perhaps it is for this reason that in our country, primary school teachers are predominantly women. If you are just thinking about how to become a primary school teacher, it will be useful for you to know about the disadvantages of this profession. Working with children of any age requires good endurance, psycho-emotional stability and unlimited patience. Teachers have to repeat the same material many times, resolve conflicts among students. Having chosen this profession for yourself, you will definitely come across a variety of children's pranks. If you do not like children or consider yourself a quick-tempered person, you should not even apply to the Pedagogical University.
Is higher education necessary?
You can get the specialty "primary school teacher" today in institutions of secondary special and higher education. Until recently, getting a job at a school with a college or technical school diploma was indeed possible. However, new education standards have recently been approved, according to which higher education for teachers is necessary. Teachers with secondary special education already working in the general educational institutions can improve their qualifications without interruption from work. And what about those who only dream of this profession, how to become a primary school teacher? The education necessary for employment can be obtained in any Pedagogical University. After the ninth grade, you can enter a lyceum or college for the chosen specialty. However, do not forget that after receiving a diploma of secondary special education you will also have to apply to the university. How long will the training take? The program of secondary specialized educational institutions is designed for 3 years for students who entered after the 9th grade. For students studying on the basis of 11 classes - for 4 years. At the university, the undergraduate program lasts 4 years, and the master's program - 2 years.
Primary school teacher training
An urgent question for applicants: “What exams do you need to pass to enter the specialty “primary school teacher”?” Studying at a university or college is possible for those who passed the Russian language, mathematics, after finishing grades 9 or 11, foreign language and profile subject- biology. It is worth noting that in last years This specialty is not very popular among applicants. And this means that theoretically there are chances to get an education at budgetary basis, even with average USE scores. In practice, it all depends on the popularity of a particular educational institution. Teaching is a profession in which you can make a career only if you really have a high level of knowledge. In private educational institutions, the salaries of teachers are quite high. But only the most talented specialists, who are well versed in child psychology, have the opportunity to get a job in them and stay in their chosen position for a long time.
Personal qualities required for work
What should be perfect teacher elementary grades? “My reference point is my first teacher!” - say the majority of applicants who choose this specialty. Indeed, many adults remember their primary school teacher all their lives. real teacher must have a balanced character and have the skills to communicate with the audience. High level culture, the ability to improvise and the flexibility of thinking are also useful qualities for the teacher. It is desirable to have good diction. Love for children and boundless patience have already been mentioned above, and yet it is these qualities that are the most important for an elementary school teacher.
Career prospects, salary level of primary school teachers
How much does a primary school teacher earn? Where to get an education to get more? In our country the level wages education workers still leaves much to be desired. Primary school teachers receive 8-25 thousand rubles a month. Remuneration depends on the region, the level of the educational institution and the employment of a particular specialist. prospects career development within the framework of this specialty are insignificant. Having worked in one school long enough, you can get the position of head teacher. Many teachers seek to get a job in private schools and educational centers. Typically, in such institutions, the level of wages is higher and there are more prospects for promotion. In addition, any elementary school teacher can easily get a job as a teacher in a kindergarten.
