Are you curious to know if there are kindergartens in other countries or if there are nannies with children? How are children prepared for school abroad? Is there anything we can borrow from others? The article provides short review pre-school education in 9 countries of the world.

Early childhood education in the USA

Preschool education in the United States of America is carried out in preschool institutions: nurseries, kindergartens, developing and preparatory preschool centers– Public and private institutions for toddlers and kindergarteners. The state actively stimulates the improvement of the educational functions of preschool institutions, providing the family with financial assistance in pre-school education and preparation for school.

Due early development and early involvement of children in the process of education and upbringing is increasing general level school education. This confirms known fact: the child's abilities, his chances for further successful education in school and higher education increase if the baby is taught from an early age to regularly acquire knowledge according to age and arouse his natural interest in the subject of study. Missed opportunities for development in early childhood much more difficult or even impossible to catch up in more adulthood- and this is known to specialists in the field of education in the United States and beyond.

From the age of five, most young citizens in the United States are brought up in kindergartens, which are essentially the "zero" grades of the school. In the "zero" children are prepared for further education in elementary school, smoothly moving from active games to reading, writing, counting, acquiring other skills necessary for learning that contribute to better adaptation first graders. At the preschool public schools more than half of all American children who have reached the age of five are enrolled. However, some parents consider it possible to trust their kids only to private preschools. Private kindergartens provide care and education for high level, after all, renting a house for a children's institution in the USA is not easy - you need to document the compliance of the possibilities with the intentions.

The peculiarity of American children is that they literally keep parents in line. It feels like they are manipulating adults, and there is nothing left for them to do but to adapt to the whims of the child.

Main postulate American upbringing A child should be treated like an adult. He is a person to be listened to and whose choice to respect. Of course, it needs to be directed, but not in the form of orders - parents must explain why one is good and the other is bad. And in order to better inspire a child family values, they carry it with them everywhere from an early age. To restaurants, to gatherings with friends, to theaters, churches ... Let him absorb how parents behave with their own kind, and he will become the same: a real American!

We have been taught since childhood that sneaking around is bad. But here it's the other way around! And informing a parent or teacher is the first thing to do. I am shocked when my "American" returns from kindergarten and retells what friends say to teachers about their parents...

There are two main methods of punishment in America. The first is that the child is deprived of something: they hide toys, do not let them watch TV, etc. The second is the “rest chair”. The prankster is seated on this chair so that he sits silently and realizes his guilt. And before the punishment, they have a conversation so that he understands what he has done and never does it again.

Preschool education in France

The majority of preschool children (ages 2 to 5) in France attend preschool, which is voluntary and free of charge. Currently, pre-school education in France consists of "mother schools" corresponding to our kindergartens. Children start attending these schools as early as 2-3 years of age.

In kindergartens, children are divided into three age groups. In the first group (younger) there are children from 2 to 4 years old, at this age the essence of being in a preschool institution is only to play and look after children. In the second group (middle), children from 4 to 5 years old are trained - they are engaged in modeling, drawing and learning other practical skills, as well as oral communication. In the third group (senior) children from 5 to 6 years old are prepared for reading, writing and counting.

Kindergartens in France generally operate five days a week, for six hours a day (three in the morning and three in the afternoon). However, in big cities gardens are open from early morning until 18-19, also during holidays. This is due to the fact that many mothers work, and children need supervision.

Preschool education in France is often criticized for the excess of theoretical information for preschoolers and strict discipline, for the lack of early age child's freedom of choice. However, despite this, French system"mother schools" is one of best examples preschool education in Europe.

Preschool education in Italy

The education system in Italy, like most education systems in other European states consists of 4 stages. These are pre-school, primary, secondary and higher education. Studying in Italy is defined by law in the form of a right - a duty: the right to receive education and at the same time the obligation to attend school until the age of 14. The right - the obligation to education is guaranteed to foreigners who legally reside in the country on the same rights as Italian citizens.

Children who are in the country illegally also have the right to receive basic education.

Pre-school education institutions are nurseries for children from 6 months to 3 years old and kindergartens for children from 3 to 6 years old. The purpose of nurseries and kindergartens is the upbringing and development of the child, as well as his preparation for entering primary school. Naturally, there are not enough kindergartens and nurseries for children, and almost all of them are privately owned. Kindergarten fees are high. Preschool education in Italy is optional.

Preschool education in Germany

There are practically no kindergartens in Germany. But in this country, the industry of nannies is very developed. The so-called "Walfdor Schools" can be considered something in between a nanny and a kindergarten. These are boarding schools where children study from kindergarten to secondary education. In each such school, there are only two children for every nanny. All educators and the vast majority of teachers are women. AT high school German children study for thirteen years and finish it at the age of 19. The basic principle German school- do not burden the child, therefore, by the way, it is considered weak in educational terms.

Pre-school education in Germany is optional (i.e. kindergartens are not part of the compulsory education system).

Early childhood education in the UK

British preschoolers mostly go to public kindergartens. True, nannies also exist in this country, but home education is not as developed as in Germany. The British go to school at the age of seven.

The first preschool institution where a child can be placed in England is a kindergarten in function, but is called a school - Nursery School (“nursery school”).

They can be public, private, or affiliated with a school. Usually at the Nursery School, children are taught to sing songs, read poems, dance, and with the smallest they do developmental exercises. fine motor skills, arrange games that allow you to develop abstract thinking are taught to help each other and be polite. Older children (from three years old) are gradually taught to read, write, and sometimes they have foreign language lessons.

Private Nursery Schools are different - with nursery groups, where children are accepted from about three months old, and ordinary ones, in which a child is taken from two years old. As for the former, their services are very expensive. Here, there are only three children per teacher, and meals and classes are individual.

Exists in England and another option game groups for preschoolers - pres school. It is a registered organization run by a government chosen from the parents. To get into this government is very prestigious, especially for popes. Children in presshool are 2.5 hours a day. They play, develop the necessary skills, communicate with each other, sing songs or read books. And at the same time - learn colors, numbers and letters. At different ends of the room there are tables, on which a variety of toys and manuals are laid out - from cubes and cars to plasticine, designers and puzzles. And every kid has the opportunity to do what he wants. this moment interesting. Here, for 8 children - 1 educator (necessarily a specialist with the appropriate qualifications).

The system of education in preschool institutions is built solely on the basis of the interests of the child. The focus is on caring for mental comfort child. With children, even with very young ones, all the necessary issues are discussed. At the same time, praise is generously distributed here for any reason and for any, even the smallest, success. This significantly increases the self-esteem of the baby and contributes to the development of self-confidence. It is believed that such an attitude will subsequently help him adapt to life in any society and in any environment, to cope even with very difficult life situations and come out of them a winner, as befits a true Englishman.

Daily regime

According to the schedule, the main difference between Nursery School and the usual one for us kindergarten consists in the fact that the day is divided into two sessions - morning (approximately from nine in the morning to twelve in the afternoon) and afternoon (approximately from one to four in the evening). There is a lunch break between sessions. The child can be enrolled in required amount days per month. Parents can bring their child here for a full day, and only for one session - in the morning or in the evening. Payment, of course, will be different - they pay for the number of shifts and separately for the break.

How are the classes

Children are seated in a room on carpets, and the teacher conducts a roll call. Then, at the blackboard, one of the older children, under the dictation of the other children, places signs indicating the current day of the week, day of the month, weather. Then the group is divided into two subgroups by age and begin directly training sessions. Older children learn the alphabet, solve simple problems, learn to write letters. In the meantime, the smallest ones are having developmental classes, they are shown various items, explain what is used for what, and what is called. Such "lessons" do not last long, only ten to fifteen minutes. After that, children can safely play, especially since there is no shortage of toys - there are all kinds of cars, designers, dolls, children's houses, small swings, pencils and paints for drawing, plasticine and other craft supplies.

Mandatory rule: after the game, put everything back in place, tidy up the room, remove the trash. Everyone does it together - both children and educators. After lunch, children begin to develop creative skills - they sing songs, compose skits, assemble mosaics, draw, and sculpt from clay. And finally, it's time to walk. Kids walk on a special playground, fenced on all sides. They play the same way as their Russian peers - they ride down the hill, dig in the sandbox. It is a large lockable box of sand, inside which are shovels, scoops, buckets and other appropriate toys. After a walk, the kids still have time to frolic in the playroom or read some book, and the first shift ends. The teacher again conducts a roll call and takes out to the parents of those children who do not stay for the second shift. The rest sit down at the tables and eat. And then they are waiting for games and activities again.

Early childhood education in Australia

Historically, the Australian education system was modeled after the British one, and it remains so to this day. The country of 20 million has 40 universities, more than 350 colleges, hundreds of public and private secondary schools. In terms of the level of education of the population, Australia ranks third in the list of member countries of the Organization economic development and cooperation. For little Australians, school life begins at the age of five.

There are also kindergartens for the very young. Preschool education does not involve special education, because they go to school early here, and also because it is considered harmful, because it prevents the child from showing his originality. Kindergartens in Australia are mostly private.

It should be noted the good skills of educators and their peculiarities of their attitude towards children: educators do not complain to parents that the child is somehow incorrectly brought up or does not know how to do something. They cooperate with parents, contributing to the process of education.

Preschool education in Israel

For more than half a century of its existence, Israel from the desert coastal strip has become the most dynamically developing state in the Middle East.

One reason for this is the high educational level population. Education in Israel is a well-established system that can be used not only by citizens of the country and repatriates, but also by foreigners. Israel owes much of its economic success to the ancient traditions of learning preserved in Jewish communities.

The first steps in building a base for future career Israelis do in early childhood. Some children are sent to pre-school educational institutions already at the age of two, while the majority get there at three or four years of age. At the age of five or six, attending kindergartens is mandatory for everyone. They teach reading, writing, arithmetic, they try to develop in children creative thinking and using game programs, introduce even the basics computer literacy. So by the time they enter first grade, a young Israeli citizen already knows how to write, read and count. Children are admitted to schools from the age of six.

Early childhood education in South Korea

According to Confucian traditions, any person is in absolute obedience to his parents always, and not until he reaches adulthood, as was customary in Europe. The image of the prodigal son could hardly have arisen in the countries of the Confucian civilization, because from the point of view of Confucian ethics, prodigal son- this is not an unfortunate person who, through inexperience and thoughtlessness, allowed tragic mistake, but a bastard and a scoundrel who violated the main and highest ethical commandment, which required a Korean or Japanese to unquestioningly fulfill the orders of their parents, to be near them as often as possible, to provide them with all care and assistance. In general, this system of values ​​is preserved in Korea today.

Koreans love children, their passion for children is amazing. The question of a son or grandson can soften even the most unfriendly and wary of interlocutors. All spiritual strength, all material possibilities are given to children in the family, they are the object of universal love, and even in those families where there is discord between spouses, it rarely affects children. It is interesting to note that, as in Japan and Korea, the child was considered a divine being until the age of seven.

Young children in Korea are brought up very liberally. A child under 5-6 years old is allowed a lot. He can walk around the apartment, pick up and look at anything he wants, he rarely receives a refusal to his requests. The baby is rarely scolded and almost never punished, he is constantly next to his mother. Korea is a country of housewives, most Korean women either do not work at all or work part-time, so the children are under constant maternal supervision. Dr. Lee Na-mi noted "that Korean children, compared to their European and American peers, are overly attached to their mothers."

Attitudes change when the child reaches the age of 5-6 years and begins to prepare for school. From that moment on, liberalism and indulgence in the whims of the baby are replaced by a new educational style - tough, harsh, focused on educating the child in respect for teachers and, in general, for everyone who takes more high places in age or social hierarchy. Education, in general, takes place in accordance with the traditional Confucian canons, according to which respect for parents was considered the highest of human virtues. This is what is main task raising children in Korea: accustoming them to boundless respect and deep reverence for their parents and especially their father. From an early age, every child is first of all instilled with respect for his father. The slightest disobedience to him is immediately and severely punished. Another thing is the disobedience of the mother. Although children are obliged to honor their mother equally with their father, however, in most cases, the child often shows disobedience towards the mother. “A respectful son provides for his parents, pleases their hearts, does not contradict their will, amuses their sight and hearing, keeps their rest in peace, delivers food and drink to them” - this is how the concept of “sons of respect” characterizes the concept of “sons of respect” in the treatise “Ne hun” (“Internal instructions") written by Queen Sohye in 1475. These ideas still largely determine family relationships at the Koreans.

Early childhood education in New Zealand

The early childhood education and development system in New Zealand covers age group, starting, practically, from birth to entering school (at the age of five).

Kindergartens work with children from the age of three to school entry. There are currently more than 600 such children's centers in New Zealand with over 50,000 children attending.

For the most part, children younger age visit these educational centers three times a week in the afternoon. Older children - five times a week in the morning. AT remote places mobile centers can operate. Parents can take Active participation in the work of the center, meanwhile, the full-time teachers must be certified teachers.

Playcentres, where the supervision and control of children is carried out by a united group of parents. They cover children from the first days of life until they enter school. All parents of involved children should contribute to the work of the center and are periodically involved in work with children. The work of all centers is coordinated at the local and national level.

Education and Care services may provide time-limited lessons, as well as take children for the whole day or part of the day. They cover the age group from infancy to school entry, depending on their specialization. There are more than 1,500 of these in New Zealand. educational centers, and over 70,000 children regularly attend. Such centers may be private (currently 53%), owned by charitable organizations or big businesses. The most common among them are Barnardos, Mantessori, Rudolf Steiner.

Homebased services, a network of families covered by the supervision of one coordinator. Such a coordinator directs children to approved families for an agreed number of hours per day.

Correspondence School, used by parents of children living in isolation or in remote areas, which does not allow them to be personally involved with their children in the system preschool development New Zealand. Currently, a little over a thousand families with children of preschool age are involved in their activities.

Te Kohanga Reo, a Maori early childhood education network supporting language and cultural traditions this people.

The education system in Italy has been changing over the years and this moment is undergoing another cycle of reforms, the purpose of which is to raise the level of education in the country and bring it into line with European standards.

Education in Italy is tightly controlled by government agencies. The Ministry of Education independently develops all school learning programs and provides material base at all levels, monitors the quality of training of teaching staff and arranges competitive tests for those wishing to take a teaching position in a state institution. Universities enjoy greater autonomy and can design their own curricula. The state also controls the process of education in private schools and checks the quality of the knowledge gained there.

Although Italy is not considered a leader in the field of education, it is an ideal country for those who want to dedicate themselves to music, design or painting.

preschool

In Italy, preschool education is not compulsory and, according to statistics, is in a deplorable state: in the country acute shortage establishments preparatory education. In count preschool institutions Italy occupies one of last places in Europe. This situation is explained by a long tradition of raising children at home.

But now many women work on an equal footing with men, and maternity leave lasts only 5 months. The current situation has led to the fact that since 2009, the creation of so-called family kindergartens has been widely practiced in Italy. Education in them is quite expensive, but for many this is the only way out.

In order to open a family kindergarten, the future teacher must have Teacher Education and the room where the classes will be held must comply with safety standards.

Some state institutions of preschool education offer parents the delivery of children from home to kindergarten on their own transport, which saves time in the morning. Parents pick up their children on their own.

The educational program of preschool organizations is aimed at:

• to get to know the outside world;
• adaptation in the team;
• enrichment vocabulary and mastery of rhetoric;
• physical development of the child;
• acquisition of elementary knowledge of a foreign language;
• the formation of independence and individuality.

The program of some preschool institutions includes extra lessons cooking, swimming. The guys are engaged in music, modeling, drawing, dancing. Older children are taught the basics of working with computers.

There are also kindergartens run by nuns. In such institutions, prayers, the singing of psalms and participation in religious holidays are included in the standard curriculum.

school

The school system in Italy differs from the schemes adopted in most European countries. Training is divided into three stages:

• junior classes: children 6-11 years old;
• average Junior School: teens 11-14;
• middle high school: young adults 14-19.

Only the first two steps are required.

elementary School

Accept children to school at the age of 5-6 years, training in lower grades lasts five years. Children are taught the basics of arithmetic, reading, literacy, singing and drawing. At the request of the parents, they can be introduced extra classes on the foundations of religion. At the end elementary school students take exams, receive a certificate based on their results and are transferred to the next level.

high school

The three-year course includes classes:

• in Italian and foreign languages;
• mathematics;
• stories;
• chemistry;
• geography;
• art;
• biology;
• technology.

At the end of each year, exams are taken, but no grade is given - the results are set according to the “pass or fail” system. At the end of the secondary school stage, it is mandatory state exams in all subjects. In languages ​​and mathematics, tests are held in writing, in other disciplines - orally.

Old school

When moving to high school, the student must decide whether to combine education with vocational training or to study in the usual way. school curriculum and prepare for college.

In the first case, studies continue in colleges. Upon completing them, students, together with a certificate of secondary education, receive a certificate of professional qualifications. If after the technical school there is a desire to enter a university, you will have to take an additional one-year preparatory course.

In the second option, graduates high school lyceums accumulate luggage theoretical knowledge necessary for further university studies. Lyceums are of several types:

• artistic;
• classic;
• pedagogical;
• linguistic;
• musical;
• technical;
• natural science.

At the end of the lyceum, an exam is taken, which is necessary for admission to the university.

Higher

The higher education system in Italy has deep historical roots. It was on the sunny peninsula that the famous University of Bologna whose influence subsequently spread throughout Europe.

higher educational institutions countries issue diplomas in three categories:

• bachelor;
• master;
• Doctor of Sciences.

In order to obtain a document higher education it is not necessary to study at the university. Italy has a well-developed sector of non-university education, which also issues university diplomas.

In the Italian education system, non-university institutions include:

• Higher schools of linguistic education, where qualified translators are trained.
• Educational institutions that are under the control of the Ministry of Education. There are classes in diplomacy, military affairs, restaurant business.
• Higher art schools, academies, conservatories - train architects, designers, musicians, etc.

Enroll in Italian university almost any applicant can, however, only one in three receives a bachelor's degree, since studying is much more difficult than in most European countries.

Education in higher educational institutions divided into two semesters, at the end of each course the student is required to defend a thesis.

High school in Italy consists of the following levels of education:

• elementary school (training for 5 years);
• the first level of secondary school (3 years of study);
• second stage of secondary school (5 years of study).

For foreign citizens, secondary education is available only when studying in international schools or private boarding houses. Education in Italy begins when the child reaches the age of 6. The first two levels of secondary education (scuola elementare) are free. The subjects that are studied as part of primary education (these are arithmetic, reading, writing, art and music) are required to study. Selective in elementary school is only the study religious foundations. During their studies in elementary school, usually foreign students fully master the Italian language and can continue their education on an equal basis with Italians. Also usually in local schools one foreign language is required. school week is about 30 hours (5 school days). At the end of each stage of training, mandatory testing is carried out to assess the acquired knowledge. It is noteworthy that instead of a point scale, as in Russia, Italian educational institutions use a verbal assessment scale (“excellent”, “good”, etc.).

In ordinary municipal schools in Italy, by tradition, in the same class, a large number of children. In private schools, classes are usually less complete, but the number of such institutions in the country is small - only 5% of total number secondary educational institutions. In addition, the inconvenience of studying in private schools in Italy is that they do not have the right to issue a certificate of complete secondary education. Thus, graduates have to pass separate state exams for obtaining a certificate after graduation. However, at the same time, the curriculum private school often identical to the municipal one.

After five years spent in elementary school, students take oral and written exams and receive their first certificate - diploma di licenza elementare. After that, they move on to secondary school, where they study until they are about 14 years old. There, Italian schoolchildren study geography, history, a foreign language, natural sciences, music, art and native language. The system of annual examinations in secondary school is more like a test one - exams are not taken for evaluation, but on the basis of "passed" - "not passed". After graduating from high school surrender compulsory exams: Italian and foreign languages and also mathematics (all in writing). For other subjects, oral examinations are provided.

After graduating from high school, graduates can continue their education, but already at the level of higher secondary school - in specialized educational institutions of various professional areas (analogues of vocational schools, lyceums, art schools). Usually released from them around the age of 19 years.

The stage of preparation for studying in higher educational institutions in Italy begins while studying at lyceums. In general, they are divided into three types of institutions:

• classical lyceum (they use training programs lasting 5 years with a bias in the humanities, although the natural sciences are also included in the program);
• natural science lyceum (offer a training program for students with in-depth study natural sciences);
• linguistic lyceum (with in-depth study of languages, literature and history of civilizations);
• technical lyceum (institute) - prepares those who plan to link their future with technical disciplines and engineering activities.

Training in other professional areas is carried out by special educational institutions of the appropriate profile: art schools, artistic lyceums, professional institutes.

Despite a clear gradation in areas, in all types of these educational institutions there is a five-year training program with compulsory subjects for all: Latin, history, philosophy, Italian literature, mathematics, physics and natural sciences. Upon graduation from such an educational institution, after passing the final exams, the graduate receives a diploma, called Diploma di Maturita, of the corresponding direction - classical, scientific, linguistic, technical. Since 1998, the correct name for this degree of education has become "Diploma di Esame di State conclusivo del corso di..." with a further indication of specialization. This diploma opens the doors for graduates to any higher educational institution in Italy.

Higher education in Italy

If you are thinking about getting a higher education in Europe, Italy is one of the most the best places for this. The benefits of studying here are:

• in the provision of higher education in the field of design and fashion, Italy has no equal;
• the cost of education in state universities Italy is relatively low - annually it is about 500 euros (private universities set their own tuition fees, usually ranging from 8 to 25 thousand euros);
• Italian is very easy to learn;
• in addition, studies at universities are possible both in Italian and in English;
• the lifestyle and emotionality of the Italians, as a nation, are very close to us in spirit.

In general, the higher education system in this country is divided into two sectors - university and non-university. The second involves training in two directions:

1. Art (all kinds of design schools, conservatories, academies of fine arts, which are under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Education and the Council for National Cultural Heritage).

2.Vocational training, which is carried out under the auspices of local authorities.

The university sector of education has a branched structure both vertically (the number of various levels of training and degrees), and horizontally (specializations, the number of taught disciplines and areas of study). It should be discussed in more detail below. It is worth noting that training in Italian universities is most often carried out, as one can logically assume, on Italian. English programs education can be found in private universities as well as various schools design, whose students are mostly foreigners. In order to increase your chances of entering an Italian university, you should consider studying at one of the language schools this country.

Design education in Italy

Everyone knows that Italy is the undisputed world leader in the fashion industry. Because, of course, here goes great amount future designers, fashion designers, costume historians to graduate in this field. Education in design schools in this country is possible on various levels– from full-fledged first higher education to short-term summer courses in interior design, landscaping, costume design, brand management, accessory design and a host of other fashion and design areas. Accordingly, the term of study in such schools can range from two weeks to four years. After their completion, the graduate is provided with a certificate of attendance of courses, a bachelor's or master's degree in fashion, depending on the type of study chosen. In this direction, the most commonly used English language, as the main one on which training is carried out.

Features of Italian Universities

Most of those who receive higher education in Italy do so at local universities. There are 56 of them in the country, of which 9 are independent private universities licensed by the Ministry of Education. Universities in Italy are famous for their traditions, many of which have remained unchanged since the Middle Ages. So, for example, each university has its own colorful ceremony of admission to student fraternity beginners, as well as traditional festive elements of costumes.

Universities in Italy are different active use the so-called "credit system" or CFU. Usually, a credit is the equivalent of 25 hours of training completed. On average, a student earns about 60 credits per year. Accordingly, in order to receive the first degree of higher education - Laurea, a student needs to collect about 180 credits (pass 3 years of study). At the same time, some of the universities practice the so-called "double cycle" for obtaining a first degree - a student studies for 5-6 years. This is usually true for areas such as architecture, medicine, dentistry and veterinary medicine.

The first degree of completed higher education in Italy is also called Laurea, it corresponds to a bachelor's degree and involves an average of 4-5 years of study, depending on the specialty. For humanitarian disciplines 4 years is enough, but for chemists, for example, the training period is 5 years.

For all the time of study, Italian students take courses in 20 disciplines, both basic and optional. Attending lectures and seminars in the Italian higher education system is a must, because the “credit system” itself is built on it. Therefore, students themselves note in the record books the number of hours they have listened to in each subject. As in many countries, upon graduation, a graduate is required to defend a thesis. Here's what's interesting: in Italy, the basis for graduation assessment is GPA for all passed exams, and already by the results of the defense thesis, the teaching committee can raise or lower this mark. But studying at Italian universities does not require hassle with the deadlines for passing all exams on time - you can study here as much as you like, no one will rush you. Such an approach, surprisingly, not only does not relax students, but also teaches organization and responsibility.

The next university degree is the doctorate. The main requirement for admission to the course is practice in the specialty for three years. In addition, upon admission, you must pass an entrance test. Those who successfully pass it can apply for a scholarship. Doctoral students are engaged in research studies, both in universities in Italy and abroad, and after three years they can receive a doctoral degree.

Start school year in Italian universities it usually falls in October-November, although private educational institutions may start their studies in January. It lasts until May-June. Unlike our education system, Italian students take three exam sessions per year. At this time, both mandatory exams are taken (each faculty has its own list of such disciplines), and those that the student himself decides to take. In this matter, Italian universities are quite liberal - the time for passing a particular exam is determined by the examiner himself. At the same time, preparing for exams in Italy is a serious job, involving a large number of self-study, because the lectures students receive only a small part of the knowledge on the subject. Another feature is that you will not find exam tickets for any subject, they are given both orally and in writing. The teacher of each discipline has his own consultation hours, when you can consult with him on preparing for the exam, literature that can be useful and the features of studying a particular subject. In addition, there are counseling centers at universities that help students in similar issues. And if it gets really difficult, you can apply for curating, and you will be assigned a separate curator for the subject.

Requirements for entering Italian universities

As it has already become clear, the main principle of higher education in Italy is academic freedom. It allows anyone who meets the basic requirements for applicants to enter the university. Foreign citizens not handed over upon admission entrance exams, it is enough for them to present a certificate of completion of secondary education.

However, for Russian applicants, unfortunately, everything is not so simple. Due to the difference in curricula, the high school diploma

education issued in any Russian school, is not a high school diploma in Italy. Our graduates, in order to enter the first year of an Italian university, must study either 1 year in Russian or foreign university or get trained in senior class Italian school. In addition, all universities in Italy have their own language proficiency test, which includes grammar, translation and an oral interview with a teacher. But surrender international exam knowledge of Italian or English will not hurt. This will be required to obtain a student visa to Italy.

In order to study at schools of design and fashion, on the contrary, you will have to pass exams and tough competition among applicants, since this education is very prestigious all over the world. In addition, you will need to submit your own portfolio to the admissions committee.

To obtain a student visa to Italy, in addition to the language exam, you must confirm your own educational documents - a certificate or diploma. This can be done at the Legalization Department, which is located at the embassy or consulate of Italy.

European education has always been of high quality and prestigious. Italy is a country that gives beauty European education. Therefore, many residents different countries choose to study in Italy. Some need general education secondary and higher schools, others - language or culinary schools, others need to get an education in Italian schools of design and fashion.

Primary school Scuola primaria - primary school for children aged 6-10. The program is designed for 5 years. They begin with the study of arithmetic, writing, reading, drawing, music. Religious studies - at the request of parents. Exams at the end of it are not given, but a diploma is issued.

Secondary school Scuola secondaria di primo grado. It is also obligatory for children of years, the term of study in it is 3 years. After graduation, a state exam is taken, it is necessary for the transition to the second stage of secondary education.

Secondary Secondary School Scuola secondaria di secondo livello. For children of years, they study in it for 2 years. After graduation, final exams are taken orally and in writing, after which a diploma is issued on obtaining a general secondary education of the state standard.

Secondary high school Scuola secondaria superior. This is the highest level secondary school education. In fact, this is an analogue of our technical schools and colleges. Education is provided to children from 14 to 19 years old. Accordingly, it lasts 5 years. In Italy, these are lyceums of different profiles: Classical (humanitarian) - Liceo Classico Linguistic - Liceo Lingtastico Natural sciences - Liceo Scientifico

The education system in Italy has been changing for many years and is currently undergoing another cycle of reforms, the purpose of which is to raise the level of education in the country and bring it into line with European standards.

Education in Italy is tightly controlled by government agencies. The Ministry of Education independently develops all school curricula and provides the material base at all levels, monitors the quality of training of the teaching staff and arranges competitive tests for those wishing to take a teaching position in a state institution. Universities enjoy greater autonomy and can design their own curricula. The state also controls the process of education in private schools and checks the quality of the knowledge gained there.

Although Italy is not considered a leader in the field of education, it is an ideal country for those who want to dedicate themselves to music, design or painting.

preschool

In Italy, preschool education is not compulsory and, according to statistics, is in a deplorable state: there is an acute shortage of preparatory education institutions in the country. In terms of the number of preschool institutions, Italy occupies one of the last places in Europe. This situation is explained by a long tradition of raising children at home.

But now many women work on a par with men, and maternity leave lasts only 5 months. The current situation has led to the fact that since 2009, the creation of so-called family kindergartens has been widely practiced in Italy. Education in them is quite expensive, but for many this is the only way out.

In order to open a family kindergarten, the future teacher must have a pedagogical education, and the room where the classes will be held must comply with safety standards.

Some state institutions of preschool education offer parents the delivery of children from home to kindergarten on their own transport, which saves time in the morning. Parents pick up their children on their own.

The educational program of preschool organizations is aimed at:

• to get to know the outside world;
• adaptation in the team;
• enrichment of vocabulary and mastery of rhetoric;
• physical development of the child;
• acquisition of elementary knowledge of a foreign language;
• the formation of independence and individuality.

The program of some preschool institutions includes additional lessons in cooking and swimming. The guys are engaged in music, modeling, drawing, dancing. Older children are taught the basics of working with computers.

There are also kindergartens run by nuns. In such institutions, prayers, the singing of psalms and participation in religious holidays are included in the standard curriculum.

school

The school system in Italy differs from the schemes adopted in most European countries. Training is divided into three stages:

• junior classes: children 6-11 years old;
• junior high school: teens 11-14;
• middle high school: young adults 14-19.

Only the first two steps are required.

elementary School

Children are accepted to school at the age of 5-6 years, education in the lower grades lasts five years. Children are taught the basics of arithmetic, reading, literacy, singing and drawing. At the request of parents, additional classes on the basics of religion can be introduced. At the end of elementary school, students take exams, according to their results they receive a certificate and are transferred to the next level.

high school

The three-year course includes classes:

• in Italian and foreign languages;
• mathematics;
• stories;
• chemistry;
• geography;
• art;
• biology;
• technology.

At the end of each year, exams are taken, but no grade is given - the results are set according to the “pass or fail” system. At the end of the secondary school stage, state examinations are compulsory in all subjects. In languages ​​and mathematics, tests are held in writing, in other disciplines - orally.

Old school

When moving to high school, the student must decide whether to combine education with vocational training or follow the regular school curriculum and prepare for university entrance.

In the first case, studies continue in colleges. Upon completing them, students receive a certificate of professional qualification along with a certificate of secondary education. If after the technical school there is a desire to enter a university, you will have to take an additional one-year preparatory course.

In the second option, high school graduates in lyceums accumulate the baggage of theoretical knowledge necessary for further university studies. Lyceums are of several types:

• artistic;
• classic;
• pedagogical;
• linguistic;
• musical;
• technical;
• natural science.

At the end of the lyceum, an exam is taken, which is necessary for admission to the university.

Higher

The higher education system in Italy has deep historical roots. It was on the sunny peninsula that the famous University of Bologna, whose influence subsequently spread throughout Europe.

Higher educational institutions of the country issue diplomas of three categories:

• bachelor;
• master;
• Doctor of Sciences.

In order to obtain a document on higher education, it is not necessary to study at the university. Italy has a well-developed sector of non-university education, which also issues university diplomas.

In the Italian education system, non-university institutions include:

• Higher schools of linguistic education, where qualified translators are trained.
• Educational institutions that are under the control of the Ministry of Education. There are classes in diplomacy, military affairs, restaurant business.
• Higher art schools, academies, conservatories - train architects, designers, musicians, etc.

Almost any applicant can enter an Italian university, but only one in three receives a bachelor's degree, since studying is much more difficult than in most European countries.

Education in higher educational institutions is divided into two semesters, at the end of each course the student is required to defend a thesis.