Anthropogenic activity contributes. Anthropogenic human activity

*Anthropogenic disturbances arise as a result of human activities: mining mineral, deforestation, draining swamps, launching space rockets, changing the course of rivers, etc.

According to calculations made at the end of the last century under the guidance of academician K. Kondratiev, the maximum permissible value of anthropogenic disturbances should not exceed 1% of the total productivity of the biosphere. By the beginning of the third millennium, this value had already reached 10%.
According to scientists, the most important types of man-made impact on the planet today are: mining, the growth of energy consumption, launches of space rockets, atomic explosions and intense radiation of the Earth in the radio range.

Mining. In accordance with the "living Earth" hypothesis, the so-called "mineral resources" are the organs of the Earth responsible for the processes of its vital activity at all stages of the earth's evolution.
Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences A. N. Dmitriev, summarizing the opinions of a huge number of scientists, emphasizes that mineral deposits (especially their large enough accumulations) are a kind of electrical wiring of the Earth. When a lot of excess energy accumulates in the upper layers of the atmosphere, it can go to the depths through electrically conductive channels in the body of the Earth. And vice versa, if as a result of geodynamic processes in different layers crust and asthenosphere of the planet accumulates deep energy, then it rises along these vertical electrically conductive structures.
From this point of view, human activity in the development of mineral deposits is the systematic destruction of the vital arteries of the planet, allowing it to maintain an energy balance between the external and internal energy environment. During the 20th century, more than 150,000 deposits practically ceased to exist, which, according to geologists, have the value of the most important conductors. In fact, the electrical wiring of the Earth, connecting its depths with the surface and further - with the Cosmos, has been cut off.
At the same time, the Earth has not ceased to need vertical energy translation depending on geomagnetic and ionospheric processes and disturbances. Therefore, faults in the earth's crust took on this role. They began to become more active, to come to life, so our houses and streets are sinking "into the underworld", the hydrosphere, atmosphere, soils are intensively changing, which are saturated various elements mainly metals.

Energy production. As for energy production, one of the main incentives for the construction of the technosphere, its negative impact on the material and subtle body of the Earth cannot even be accurately assessed. Since the beginning of the 1990s, the annual level of energy consumption has been 3.8 1026 erg and it is constantly growing.
Can this pass unnoticed by the electromagnetic structure of the Earth? Of course not. Since the systems for natural energy supply are cut, around the Earth technical means a powerful electromagnetic "cocoon" has been created, and this is how cosmic energy accumulates in the etheric body of the Earth, until, having reached a critical value, it breaks through this "cocoon", heating up, for example, the World Ocean. So there are reverse currents that change the climate on the planet.
Moreover, unreasonable human activity has led to the fact that the electrical conductivity of the atmosphere began to change.
An illustrative example. Unlike the European Grid, which operates at a frequency electric current 50 Hz, America uses 60 Hz. This frequency is resonant to the ring currents of the Earth. The movement of giant ring currents in the thickness of the planet leads to intense electromagnetic and ethereal functioning of the Earth's shells.
America, on the border with Canada, produces electricity in huge quantities and transmits it from the north to the south of the United States through sixteen high-voltage lines with a voltage of 500-750 kilovolts. High-voltage transmission lines coincide with the magnetic meridian.
In the early 1980s, mass "geophysical hums" suddenly began in the United States. In some regions and cities of America, glass even flew out of the windows of houses. With a completely calm meteorological situation in a clear sky, thunder suddenly rumbles. What happened?
A series of geophysical rockets made it possible to establish that the base of the Earth's radiation belt had shifted in the vertical direction. The lower edge of the ionosphere dropped from a height of 300-310 to 98-100 kilometers. The geophysical balance, which had been stable for millions of years, was broken. As a result, the coastal electrical protection process has changed.
What does it mean? A barrier usually appears at the boundary of the ocean and land, which prevents the mixing of the atmosphere over the continent and the atmosphere over the ocean, which not only have different humidity, but also different electrostatics and electrodynamics. But after the radiation layer dropped by 200 kilometers, all the climatic processes of the North Atlantic "burst" into the American continent. So endless hurricanes rage on the coast of America.
Scientists are sounding the alarm, but all this is hushed up in the pressurized informational hysteria about the lack of energy. Business and the market need energy, and the more the better. And it doesn't matter what the pursuit of material goods leads to.
A good example is the situation with the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. It turns out that the vibration of the turbine was discovered long before the accident. The unit should have been stopped, the cause of the vibration found and eliminated. But for the production of aluminum, electricity was needed, so they squeezed everything out of the unit to the limit, despite the growing vibration. According to experts - power engineers, the car was "driven". A "driven" turbine is not a driven horse for you. The driven horse is shot, and the "driven" turbine engine itself is torn to pieces, destroys everything around and takes the "offenders" with it.

Launches of space rockets. As for the launches of space rockets, the increase in the number of large cyclones is directly related to their number. Back in the mid-1980s, it was accurately calculated that with each rocket launch, the number of cyclones increases by 2-3. But that's not all.
The Shuttle shuttle carrier can destroy from 10 to 40 million tons of ozone in one launch (depending on ionospheric conditions), because it uses ozone-quenching elements - nitrogen, chlorine and other components as fuel. And a lot of such information has been accumulated.

Tests of atomic weapons. Immediate causes that cause numerous earthquakes are atomic explosions. After 1963, nuclear weapons tests were carried out mostly underground. It turned out that with an explosion power of more than 50 kilotons, a seismic elastic blast wave goes deep and "compresses" the core. However, most tests are carried out just with capacities of more than 50 kilotons.
And when the Americans detonated an atomic bomb with a capacity of 5 megatons in the Aleuts, the blast wave compressed the earth's core four times, repeatedly reflected and re-reflected from the surface of the Earth. As a result of frequent and powerful tests, this "nuclear seismic pump" caused a complete imbalance of the planet's seismic climate.
As a result, since 1972, deep-focus earthquakes, that is, earthquakes with a source at a depth of 300-700 km, have disappeared on Earth. The number of earthquakes with average focal depths of 70-300 km decreased by approximately 60%. All earthquakes have risen to the zone of the upper part of the earth's crust. Everything that is happening today is happening at depths of 70 km or more. So the famous earthquake "Koba" in Japan was predicted at depths of 180-200 km. The epicenter of the earthquake was at a depth of 19 km, which caused significant damage.
All seismic energy was "raised" to an unnatural height for it and, due to the lack of a scattering effect, threw houses out of the ground along with foundations.

Radio emission. But the most direct way to the destruction of the planet is the intense radiation of the Earth in the radio range.
With its electromagnetic, gravitational, torsion fields Earth like component whole, implanted in the subtle space of the solar system. During the twentieth century, thanks to technological progress, the Earth itself became a source of the most powerful electromagnetic radiation in a wide range frequencies. Today, this activity has become so violent that it modifies the electromagnetic framework of the entire solar system, mainly through the most powerful radiation in the radio range.
According to the observations of scientists in the radio range, the Earth looks much brighter than the Sun. It not only resists the electromagnetic influence of the Cosmos, but also itself influences the solar-system electromagnetic interconnections.
But even this was not enough. After the "string of pearls" of the comet Shoemaker-Levy hit the surface of Jupiter, the connection between the Sun and Jupiter passed into the gigahertz range. Perhaps, with this transition, the solar system, which, according to scientists, manifests itself as a conscious organism that controls its parts, consciously restored the broken connection.
And what? Following this "switching" of radio frequencies between Jupiter and the Sun, humanity also began to transfer its radio communications to the gigahertz range, switching to cellular communications.
In general, the activity of a person who considers himself the only inhabitant of the Universe, who "on the shoulder and by the right of omnipotence" is allowed to do everything, has acquired a nature-denying orientation. It is we, the people, who cause man-made disasters, tsunamis, typhoons. Practically, everything that a person does is directed against the Earth, living and intelligent. But with our unreasonable actions, we not only influence the state of our planet, but also interfere with solar-terrestrial and solar-planetary communications. We, humanity, are stubbornly moving towards self-destruction. Just like the Atlanteans.
In the "Revelations" that the Creator transmits to people through a doctor technical sciences, Academician L.I. Maslov, on this occasion it is said: "And as a response to the moral decay of mankind, Material world responds to natural disasters. Natural disasters on a planetary scale are My reminder that this World is not eternal, and that there is a Higher Power, which, despite scientific and technical progress, can cross out this World at any time".
In Don't Think Like a Human, Kryon says, "As there are shifts in the magnetic grid, and consequently shifts and wobbles in the earth's crust, as the weather changes, there will also be shifts in the earth's core.Volcanic eruptions will follow, new islands will appear in the oceans, wake up extinct volcanoes, and the harmless hills, in which something else cannot be suspected, will begin to spew hellish fire. " True, Kryon reassures us, saying that there will be no global annihilation!
According to many scientists major mistake human is the unwillingness to reckon with the Earth as a living being.

Practical information

Anthropogenic activity actively changes the phosphorus cycle. At the same time, the balance in the global aspect may not be significantly disturbed, and local changes may be quite significant.[ ...]

The activity of people in these areas is associated with the formation of a new worldview, the essence of which can be determined by the relationship of man to nature: "man is not a conqueror, but a protector of nature." This thesis should become the life principle of every inhabitant of the Earth. Conscious use of it implies a deep understanding of the results of the impact of anthropogenic activities on the environment. Understanding the interaction of man and nature, analyzing the consequences of his activities and the routes of their liberalization, planning a strategy based on caring for nature and humanity are comprehended through systems of environmental education and upbringing and lifestyle.[ ...]

Anthropogenic activity significantly affects climatic factors, changing their regimes. The destruction of forests and other vegetation, the creation of large artificial reservoirs on former land areas increases the reflection of energy, and dust pollution, for example, snow and ice, on the contrary, increases absorption, which leads to their intensive melting. Thus, the mesoclimate can change dramatically under the influence of man: it is clear that the climate of North Africa in the distant past, when it was a huge oasis, was significantly different from today's climate of the Sahara desert.[ ...]

As a result of anthropogenic activity on separate sections changes occur in the biosphere, leading to the formation of all geochemical barriers known in natural conditions. On them, as well as on natural ones, there is a deposition of substances from various migration flows. The latter can be both man-made and natural origin.[ ...]

As a result of anthropogenic activity, a significant amount of sulfur enters the atmosphere, mainly in the form of dioxide (59-6.9%).[ ...]

As a result of anthropogenic activity in the upper layers of the atmosphere (ionosphere), zones with low electron density (ionospheric holes) appear. This is due to the accumulation of diffusion various substances when launching powerful rockets, under the influence of electromagnetic radiation from powerful transmitting devices. Harm is caused by emissions of water and water-containing compounds during rocket launches. In this regard, the state of the ionosphere may change significantly, the ability to transmit radio signals over long distances will deteriorate.[ ...]

When studying anthropogenic activity pipeline transport it became obvious that it was impossible to completely eliminate its negative consequences, the security policy began to be based on finding the optimum between the usefulness of the development of anthropogenic activities and the degree of its negative impact (the ALARP principle - "as low an impact as achievable").[ ...]

As a result of anthropogenic activity, significant amounts of sulfur enter the atmosphere, mainly in the form of sulfur oxide (IV). Among the sources of these compounds, coal is in the first place, which provides 70% of anthropogenic emissions. The sulfur content in coal is quite high. During combustion, sulfur turns into sulfur dioxide. The main source of 302 formation, along with the combustion of fossil fuels, is metallurgical industry(processing of sulfide ores of copper, lead and zinc), as well as enterprises for the production of sulfuric acid and oil refining.[ ...]

Various types of anthropogenic activities have both direct and indirect effects, are complex and are accompanied by synergistic and cumulative effects.[ ...]

The unified activity of society and the state in the environmental sphere, aimed at implementing this policy, should be based on a “single technological chain” of measures to ensure the safety of anthropogenic activities aimed at eliminating pollution of natural objects, and measures to ensure environmental safety aimed at neutralizing threats from polluted natural objects.[ ...]

Since in the process of anthropogenic activity on the state atmospheric air there are chemical, physical and biological effects, the legislation regulates the relevant relations for its protection. Moreover, such impacts on the state of the environment as physical (noise, electromagnetic fields), are regulated mainly within the framework of air protection law. Main legal means protection of atmospheric air are the regulation of atmospheric air quality, maximum permissible impacts from individual sources, regulation of the location of sources of harmful effects on the atmosphere, environmental expertise of projects of enterprises and other facilities, the operation of which is accompanied by atmospheric pollution, the permitting procedure for harmful effects on the state of atmospheric air. As you can see, all this is aimed at preventing the degradation of the atmosphere under the influence of human activity.[ ...]

When assessing the impact of anthropogenic activity on the state of the environment, one of the problems is to determine the variability of various components of the natural environment and the factors that determine it. The scale of various anthropogenic impacts varies from the local to the regional level. Depending on the type of impact, different systems of indicators characterizing the quality of the environment are used (Doncheva et al., 1992). The influence of anthropogenic factors is modified by the action of natural processes. It has been shown (McDonnell, Pickett, 1990) that the highest sensitivity and selectivity of observations is more achievable in homogeneous physical and geographical conditions on the gradient of the anthropogenic influence factor. Since the impact of technogenic impacts will be in most manifest itself near sources of emissions, it is most expedient to study the technogenic impact on the following gradient: the territories of industrial enterprises, the residential area (in the event that the territories of residential areas are separated from the territories of industrial enterprises by a small sanitary protection zone), suburban landscapes and intact zones with similar natural conditions.[ ...]

The influence should be understood as anthropogenic activity, that is, one that is associated with the implementation of economic, cultural, recreational human interests. As a result of this activity, a person makes biological, chemical and physical changes in the natural environment. These changes are most often harmful to all life on Earth. The most common negative impact on the natural environment is pollution.[ ...]

Currently Negative consequences anthropogenic activity on the territory of the Russian Federation have reached such a scale that normalization environmental situation and ensuring environmental safety require constant decision-making by the governing bodies. The severity of environmental problems is due to the increase in anthropogenic pressure on water bodies and, as a result, the degradation of natural ecosystems. This led to the realization that it is necessary to implement a comprehensive technically, economically and environmentally sound long-term environmental management policy, aimed, in particular, at solving complex and interrelated problems of the rational use of water resources.[ ...]

A decrease in the quality of the environment as a result of human anthropogenic activity leads to a deviation of specific environmental conditions from the norms, which leads to illness in people, animals and plants and often to their death. Waste-free industrial production does not exist, and waste affects the state of the natural environment, its quality, its deterioration, which leads to people getting sick from chemicals (carbon monoxide, high levels of carbon dioxide in the air, sulfur and nitrogen oxides, which predetermine the occurrence acid rain, in turn acidifying the land and leading to a decrease in crop yields, etc.).[ ...]

Features of pollution of the seas and oceans by heavy metals. Under the conditions of active anthropogenic activity, the pollution of oceanic waters with heavy metals has become a particularly acute problem. The group of heavy metals with a density above 4.5 g/cm3 combines more than 30 elements of the Periodic Table. These metals (mercury, lead, cadmium, zinc, copper, arsenic) are common and highly toxic pollutants. They are widely used in various industrial productions, therefore, despite the treatment measures, the content of heavy metals and their compounds in industrial wastewater is quite high. Large masses These compounds enter the ocean through the atmosphere. For marine biocenoses, mercury, lead and cadmium are the most dangerous, since they remain toxic indefinitely. For example, mercury-containing compounds (especially methylmercury) - the strongest poisons that act on the nervous system, pose a threat to the life of all living things. In the 50-60s of the XX century. in the area of Minomata Bay (Japan), mass poisoning was registered, the victims of which were tens of thousands of people who ate infected fish. The cause of the contamination was an enterprise that dumped mercury into the water of the bay.[ ...]

Massive drainage of swamps, deforestation, change in the direction of river flow, etc. forms of anthropogenic activity have had a detrimental effect on various ecological systems in the form of the destruction of the stable relationships that have developed in them and certain ecological characteristics on a planetary scale (for example, an ecologically stable Earth system has a constant mass and a constant average temperature) and caused the threat of the onset of global environmental disasters.[ ...]

ECOLOGICAL HARM TO THE ENVIRONMENT - negative changes in the environment caused by anthropogenic activities as a result of environmental impact, environmental pollution, resource depletion, destruction of ecosystems that create a real threat to human health, flora and fauna, and material values. Lawful harm to the environment occurs when there is a license (permit) for its infliction as a result of economic or other activities. Illegal damage to the environment arises as a result of an offence.[ ...]

It should be noted that the task quantification and forecasting the impact of economic activities on the hydrological cycle is very difficult. This is due to the fact that there are many factors of economic activity in the watershed, the consequences of which are often opposite. In addition, these impacts are superimposed on natural processes, which in magnitude can exceed anthropogenic influence and blur it. The third factor complicating the solution of the problem is the difficulty of obtaining information about the nature of anthropogenic activity, which is often not systematized or even absent.[ ...]

Biological pollution, mainly, are the result of the multiplication of microorganisms and anthropogenic activities (thermal power, industry, transport, the actions of the armed forces). Production of building materials gives up to 10% of all pollution. A large amount of pollution enters the atmosphere during the operation of the cement industry, during the extraction and processing of asbestos.[ ...]

The human environment is understood as that part of the natural environment that has been transformed in the process of human anthropogenic activity, consisting in the organic unity of natural, modified, transformed ecological systems”2. Indeed, there are countries in the world where real wildlife has not been preserved. So, in Holland and Great Britain, the landscape is completely under human control.[ ...]

One of the main characteristics of the reservoir, integrating the impact of factors associated with climate fluctuations and anthropogenic activities in the catchment area, is the water balance. Surface runoff is the main incoming component of the water balance of all reservoirs of the cascade, providing 94-99% of the inflow, most of which is formed by the Volga flow. The share of atmospheric precipitation is about 2% of the influx for channel areas and 10% for lake-like ones, increasing to 20-25% in summer. In the expenditure part of the water balance, the main component is the runoff, which is 98-99% in the channel and 85-94% in the lake-like reservoirs (Litvinov, 2000; Sovremennoe sostoyanie..., 2002).[ ...]

At present, savings natural resources and maintaining the ecological balance between the results of anthropogenic activities and the environment are of global importance. One of the most urgent is the problem of pollution of the water basin. Pollution of natural waters causes great damage to both the environment and the economy, while often there are irreversible changes in the development of biogeocenoses. water bodies, their biological resources are reduced. Polluted water sources become limitedly suitable, and in many cases completely unsuitable for drinking and industrial water supply, irrigation of agricultural land, and fisheries. Polluted water bodies are often sources of dangerous infections, so they cannot be used for recreational purposes.[ ...]

Biological environmentally hazardous factors include living organisms and their metabolic products. For example, human activity can lead to the restructuring of microbial communities and the artificial evolution of pathogens of infectious diseases, which causes an increase in the activity of many foci of dangerous diseases. Pathogenic microorganisms that can enter the soil with waste and corpses of animals that died from infectious diseases, or with their secretions, pose a serious epidemic hazard. In particular, this applies to diseases such as bacillary dysentery and various salmonellosis, as well as tetanus. Due to water pollution by sewage or sewage, such hazardous infectious diseases like Asian cholera and typhoid fever, dysentery and viral hepatitis. Among the pathogenic organisms of the air environment, pathogens of severely tolerated diseases - hemolytic staphylococci and streptococci - should be distinguished. Also, as a result of anthropogenic activities, there may be an increase in biological productivity. aquatic ecosystems as a result of the accumulation of biogenic elements in water. In water bodies, algae begin to develop excessively, which in turn dramatically reduces the supply of oxygen necessary for the oxidation and decomposition of the increased amount of dead algae and detritus.[ ...]

Having defined monitoring of the natural environment as information system, allowing to identify changes in the state of the biosphere under the influence of anthropogenic activity (see Chapter 4), the term "climate monitoring" will mean an information system that allows you to highlight anthropogenic changes and climate fluctuations.[ ...]

The division of technogenic impacts into two classes is of fundamental importance. Primary technogenic disturbances are directly related to anthropogenic activity and, depending on the duration and intensity of this activity, are reversible or, developing, initiate secondary impacts. Thus, there is a fundamental possibility of self-healing of these violations if the corresponding technogenic impact is eliminated.[ ...]

Long-term drop in the level of the Caspian Sea in 1930-1977. led to an erroneous opinion about the inevitability and irreversibility of its further decline, which was explained by anthropogenic activities in the basin (primarily, the filling of new reservoirs and the withdrawal of water for irrigation). As a result, all new structures were tied to the low water level of the Caspian Sea, and modern growth level (by 2.5 m by 1997), they are subject to periodic or permanent flooding, causing huge economic losses. This category includes settlements, railway and car roads, places of production and transportation of oil and gas, port facilities, etc. Storm surges of water are widely developed on the flat shores of the Caspian Sea, when the level rises by 3-4.5 m, and water penetrates deep into the territory by 30-50 km.[ ... ]

In this way, global warming Earth's climate is real, and, in our opinion, it is a consequence of natural natural processes, and not the result of anthropogenic activities (in particular, the combustion of natural fuels). The reduction in carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere, called for by some scientists, is unlikely to lead to a noticeable decrease in global air temperature.[ ...]

Integrated use and protection of water resources include: @ comprehensive evaluation natural waters in separate river basins and economic regions, taking into account anthropogenic activities in modern conditions and in the future; ® identification of water needs of all sectors of the national economy, justification of water consumption rates, taking into account repeated or consistent use water, determining the amount of irretrievable losses; coordinating the requests of individual water users with the allocation of the most efficient and economically consumed water; development of water management balances and allocation on the basis of their areas experiencing the greatest shortage of water; Щ the establishment of measures for the protection of natural waters from depletion and pollution, as well as the development of measures, proposals for the purification, neutralization and use of industrial, municipal and agricultural effluents; determination of appropriations for the implementation of the planned activities of water management and land reclamation construction and calculation economic effect from the implementation of the designed measures; ® assessment of changes in natural conditions in the areas of major water management activities; substantiation of the scope of design and survey and research work with the definition of the composition of their performers.[ ...]

AT major cities the most noticeable are the changes in the ecosystem associated with the ability of the soil to perform the first two groups of functions. However, the most sensitive to anthropogenic activity is the third, informational, group, in which changes occur already with a slight impact of the urban environment (Kolesnikov et al., 2002).[ ...]

Although water is a renewable resource, it can be polluted to the point where it becomes unsuitable for many water uses and harmful to living organisms. In addition, anthropogenic activities lead to the degradation and destruction of aquatic ecosystems.[ ...]

The system of criteria for assessing various types of environmental risks when making economic decisions has not yet been developed. One of the objective difficulties is the incompleteness of knowledge about the results of the impact of anthropogenic activities on the environment, which is exacerbated by the plurality of approaches of decision makers. Another difficulty is the language barrier: experts present even well-known results in a language that is incomprehensible to researchers in related fields of knowledge, which makes it difficult to carry out a comprehensive environmental and economic assessment. investment projects.[ ...]

Eutrophication is an integral part natural process called succession. A lake can change in a few thousand years naturally and turn from oligotrophic to eutrophic, or, in other words, "grow old". However, anthropogenic activities lead to similar consequences in just a few decades. Therefore, it is customary to talk about anthropogenic eutrophication, contrasting it with natural. Eutrophication is a good example of the fact that not all negative problems of our time are associated with the industrial release of "toxic" compounds, because in this case, the cause is often the entry into the natural ecosystem of such "harmless" substances as soil particles and nutrients. On the this example it is clearly seen that a change in any environmental factor can upset the balance in the ecosystem.[ ...]

Risk is a quantitative measure of hazard in relation to the likelihood that associated harm or undesirable consequences will become reality. Environmental risk is an assessment of the probability of occurrence negative changes in the environment caused by anthropogenic activity (development of the greenhouse effect, destruction of the ozone layer of the planet's screen, acid precipitation, Nuclear pollution, unacceptable concentration of heavy metals, for example, in lakes or hydroelectric reservoirs, unacceptable change hydrological regime etc.) .[ ...]

The overgrowth of areas disturbed under the influence of anthropogenic pressure in the urban environment does not occur evenly, but is filled in the form of life concentration nodes created due to the environmental activity of some plants and other organisms of pasture and detrital chains gravitating towards them.[ ...]

AT recent times normative legal acts have been adopted in Russia, many of which are valid federal law. In accordance with them, monitoring of the natural and technogenic sphere is carried out in order to minimize the damage associated with pollution and other harmful effects of anthropogenic activities on the natural environment.[ ...]

Various iron compounds play a significant and very complex role in soil processes due to the ability of the element to change the degree of oxidation with the formation of compounds of different solubility, oxidation, and mobility. Iron in very high degree involved in anthropogenic activity, it is characterized by such a high technophilicity that they often talk about the modern "ferruginization" of the biosphere. More than 10 billion tons of iron are involved in the technosphere in the process of anthropogenic activity, 60% of which is dispersed in space.[ ...]

The growth of CO concentration, at first, was due to mass deforestation, which consumed carbon dioxide for the synthesis of plant biomass. Since the beginning of the 19th century, CO2 emissions from the combustion products of fossil fuels, process and associated gases have played a decisive role. General allocation CO2 as a result of anthropogenic activities is annually 0.7% of its natural content in the atmosphere. At the same time, the industry increases CO2 emissions annually by 3.5%, which today is 30 billion tons/year. This means that annually at the end of the 20th century, the average concentration of CO2 is constantly increasing by about 3.4% per year, with seasonal fluctuations of ± 2% of the average value.[ ...]

The warm season with the correct periodicity is replaced by the cold; more or less wide fluctuations in temperature, illumination, humidity, wind strength, etc. are observed during the day. All these are natural fluctuations in environmental factors, but humans can also influence them. The impact of anthropogenic activities on the environment is manifested in general case in changing modes ( absolute values and dynamics) of environmental factors, as well as - the composition of factors, for example, when xenobiotics are introduced into natural systems in the process of production or special Measures - such as protecting plants with pesticides or applying organic and mineral fertilizers to the soil.[ ...]

It is important to emphasize that the interaction of society and nature is characterized not only by the strengthening of the influence of mankind, its equipment and technologies on the natural environment, but also by the increase in the response of the latter to this impact (in accordance with the principle “for every action there is a reaction”). The changes in the natural environment caused by anthropogenic activity have returned like a boomerang to their root cause - man. They began to negatively affect the most different sides public life, cause all sorts of conflicts of a social nature.[ ...]

Driven hunting, like modern predatory methods of fishing, led to the death of a large number of animals that could not all be used for food. With this circumstance, many researchers associate the fact of the extinction of large mammals at the end of the Pleistocene. V.P. Alekseev notes that the vast majority of experts consider it exclusively as a consequence of the anthropogenic activity of mankind. Despite the fact that numerous arguments are expressed in favor of this point of view, it seems that there is still no basis for such a categorical assertion. When analyzing the reasons for the extinction of large mammals at the end of the Pleistocene, it is necessary to take into account the entire set of factors that determined the ability of animals to ensure their existence in the period under consideration. In particular, one cannot ignore the fact that their disappearance coincided with the time of the Wurm glaciation, when many species, driven by the advancing glacier, were forced to migrate great distances in search of food. Faced with a lack of food, finding themselves in unusual conditions of existence, and sometimes not being able to retreat from the impending glacier, low temperatures, due to natural obstacles (large rivers, mountain ranges), a significant part of the animals, apparently, died from hunger and hypothermia. The other became easy prey primitive hunters. From this point of view, it is more correct to speak not about the destruction of large mammals by man, but only about his involvement in their disappearance.[ ...]

Soil (according to V. I. Vernadsky) is a bio-inert body of nature, occupying an intermediate position between biological organisms and inert bodies (rocks, minerals). Is gigantic ecological system, actively participates in the cycle of substances and energy in nature, supports gas composition atmosphere. The most important property of the soil - fertility (the ability to ensure the growth and reproduction of plants) is violated as a result of anthropogenic activities: grazing, plowing, growing monocultures, compaction, violation of the hydrological regime (groundwater level), pollution. Since soil is the foundation biological cycle, it becomes a source of migration of polluted substances into the hydrosphere, atmosphere, food (through plants and animals). The construction of the road as a result of the above reasons leads to a decrease in soil fertility.[ ...]

There are also many positive examples introduction of animals, especially insects, for biological control of various undesirable plants. Back in the 30s. This century in Australia, after the successful introduction of a butterfly - a cactus moth - it was possible to return huge areas of agricultural land previously occupied by prickly cacti (opuntia). They are able to grow and multiply rapidly, causing significant socio-economic damage, especially in Africa, Asia and Australia.[ ...]

The formation of flora went in the direction of increasing meadow (9 species in 1967, 24 - in 2003), forest and meadow-forest (from 8 - in 1967 to 17 - in 2003) species, as well as species of waterlogged habitats (from 5 - in 1967 to 17 - in 2003), species of the forest-steppe (3 species) and steppe (2 species) groups appear. The increase over the years (1967-2003) in the number of weeds from 19 to 27 and meadow-weeds from 10 to 17 species is associated with active anthropogenic activity: partial disturbance of the surface of the ash dump and the introduction of ruderal and segetal species into crops in the reclaimed area.[ ... ]

An integral part of greening is the constant monitoring of all components of the nature intensity of production and the state of the environment - environmental monitoring. It includes observations of natural environment objects, natural resources, flora and fauna, natural and technical systems and sources of technogenic pollution, as well as assessment and forecast of changes in the state of the natural environment and the processes occurring in it under the influence of anthropogenic activity. Target environmental monitoring - Information Support environmental management and environmental safety.[ ...]

The starting position in the evolution of soils and soil cover can be considered the state of their parameters in a natural ecosystem with different biogeocenotic functions. One of them, informational, containing the "memory" of biogeocenosis, is important in ecosystem management. In some of their properties, soils are able to "store" the memory of past natural conditions. Therefore, for a deeper knowledge of the evolution of the soil cover and its management within the framework of an ecosystem, it is advisable to have soil standards in natural cenoses. Under the conditions of anthropogenic activity, the latter pass into agroecosystems, while the parameters of the biocenosis change to the parameters of agrocenosis. Naturally, the soil fertility also evolves. To manage the agrocenosis and, first of all, the fertility of the soil cover, it is necessary to identify, just as in natural cenoses, the standards of soil fertility.[ ...]

Radioactivity - ability atomic nuclei some chemical elements and their isotopes spontaneously decay (undergo radioactive decay) with the emission of characteristic radiation (alpha, beta, gamma radiation, x-ray, neutron). Radioactivity is natural, due to the presence in the environment ( rocks) radioactive elements; for example, a part of the Novosibirsk region is subject to natural radon pollution, since in the underlying bedrock (granitoids) elevated clarks of uranium-238 are fixed, the decay product of which is radon-222. Artificial is caused by anthropogenic human activity (nuclear power plants, underwater nuclear boats, nuclear weapons test, nuclear explosions for peaceful purposes, etc.). As a rule, natural radioactivity does not cause obvious negative phenomena, since living organisms have adapted to it. Artificial radioactivity, on the contrary, plays a negative role, causing the destruction of natural ecosystems and posing a significant danger to living organisms and humans.[ ...]

Biocenosis is a set of representatives of the plant (phytocenosis), animal (zoocenosis) world and microbial communities (microbocenosis). All components of the ecotope and biogeocenosis are closely interconnected, exhibit complex and multilateral mutual influence. Examples of biogeocenoses can be a pond, meadow, mixed or single-species forest. At the level of biogeocenosis, all processes of transformation of energy and matter in the biosphere take place. It is no coincidence that academician S.S. Schwartz called biogeocenosis "a machine for the transformation of matter and energy." Transforming anthropogenic activity is aimed primarily at biogeocenoses (ecosystems).

Anthropogenic disturbances arise as a result of human activities: mining, deforestation, draining swamps, launching space rockets, changing the course of rivers, etc.

According to scientists, the most important types of man-made impact on the planet today are: mining, the growth of energy consumption, launches of space rockets, atomic explosions and intense radiation of the Earth in the radio range.

Mining

In accordance with the "living Earth" hypothesis, the so-called "minerals" are the organs of the Earth responsible for the processes of its vital activity at all stages of the earth's evolution.

Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences A. N. Dmitriev, summarizing the opinions of a huge number of scientists, emphasizes that mineral deposits (especially their large enough accumulations) are a kind of electrical wiring of the Earth. When a lot of excess energy accumulates in the upper layers of the atmosphere, it can go to the depths through electrically conductive channels in the body of the Earth. And vice versa, if as a result of geodynamic processes in various layers of the planet's crust and asthenosphere, deep energy accumulates, then it rises up along these vertical electrically conductive structures.

From this point of view, human activity in the development of mineral deposits is the systematic destruction of the vital arteries of the planet, allowing it to maintain an energy balance between the external and internal energy environment. During the 20th century, more than 150,000 deposits practically ceased to exist, which, according to geologists, have the value of the most important conductors. In fact, the electrical wiring of the Earth, connecting its depths with the surface and further - with the Cosmos, has been cut off.

At the same time, the Earth has not ceased to need vertical energy translation depending on geomagnetic and ionospheric processes and disturbances. Therefore, faults in the earth's crust took on this role. They began to become more active, to come to life, so our houses and streets are sinking “into the underworld”, the hydrosphere, atmosphere, soils are intensively changing, which are saturated with various elements, mainly metals.

Mining

According to the “living Earth” hypothesis, the so-called “mineral resources” are the organs of the Earth responsible for the processes of its vital activity at all stages of the earth’s evolution.

Energy production

As for energy production, one of the main incentives for the construction of the technosphere, its negative impact on the material and subtle body of the Earth cannot even be accurately assessed. Since the beginning of the 1990s, the annual level of energy consumption has been 3.8 1026 erg and it is constantly growing.

Can this pass unnoticed by the electromagnetic structure of the Earth? Of course not. Since the systems for the natural supply of energy have been cut, a powerful electromagnetic “cocoon” has been created around the Earth by technical means, so cosmic energy accumulates in the etheric body of the Earth until, having reached a critical value, it breaks through this “cocoon”, warming up, for example, the World Ocean. So there are reverse currents that change the climate on the planet.

Moreover, unreasonable human activity has led to the fact that the electrical conductivity of the atmosphere began to change.

An illustrative example. Unlike the European power system, which operates at a frequency of 50 Hz, America uses a frequency of 60 Hz. This frequency is resonant to the ring currents of the Earth. The movement of giant ring currents in the thickness of the planet leads to intense electromagnetic and ethereal functioning of the Earth's shells.

America, on the border with Canada, produces electricity in huge quantities and transmits it from the north to the south of the United States through sixteen high-voltage lines with a voltage of 500-750 kilovolts. High-voltage transmission lines coincide with the magnetic meridian. In the early 1980s, massive “geophysical hums” suddenly began in the United States

In some areas and cities of America, even glass flew out of the windows of houses. With a completely calm meteorological situation in a clear sky, thunder suddenly rumbles. What happened?

A series of geophysical rockets made it possible to establish that the base of the Earth's radiation belt had shifted in the vertical direction. The lower edge of the ionosphere dropped from a height of 300-310 to 98-100 kilometers. The geophysical balance, which had been stable for millions of years, was broken. As a result, the coastal electrical protection process has changed.

What does it mean? A barrier usually appears at the boundary of the ocean and land, which prevents the mixing of the atmosphere over the continent and the atmosphere over the ocean, which not only have different humidity, but also different electrostatics and electrodynamics. But after the radiation layer dropped by 200 kilometers, all the climatic processes of the North Atlantic “broke” into the American continent. So endless hurricanes rage on the coast of America.

Scientists are sounding the alarm, but all this is hushed up in the pressurized informational hysteria about the lack of energy. Business and the market need energy, and the more the better. And it doesn't matter what the pursuit of material goods leads to.

A good example is the situation with the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. It turns out that the vibration of the turbine was discovered long before the accident. The unit should have been stopped, the cause of the vibration found and eliminated. But for the production of aluminum, electricity was needed, so they squeezed everything out of the unit to the limit, despite the growing vibration. According to experts - power engineers, the car was "driven". A “driven” turbine is not a driven horse for you. There is one horsepower, and here - crazy power. The driven horse is shot, and the “driven” turbine engine itself is torn to pieces, destroys everything around and takes offenders with it.

Space rocket launches

As for the launches of space rockets, the increase in the number of large cyclones is directly related to their number. Back in the mid-1980s, it was accurately calculated that with each rocket launch, the number of cyclones increases by 2-3. But that's not all.

The Shuttle shuttle carrier can destroy from 10 to 40 million tons of ozone in one launch (depending on ionospheric conditions), because it uses ozone-extinguishing elements as fuel - nitrogen, chlorine and other components. And a lot of such information has been accumulated.

Nuclear weapons testing

The immediate causes of numerous earthquakes are atomic explosions. After 1963, nuclear weapons tests were carried out mostly underground. It turned out that with an explosion power of more than 50 kilotons, a seismic elastic blast wave goes deep and "compresses" the core. However, most tests are carried out just with capacities of more than 50 kilotons.

And when the Americans detonated an atomic bomb with a capacity of 5 megatons in the Aleuts, the blast wave compressed the earth's core four times, repeatedly reflected and re-reflected from the surface of the Earth. As a result of frequent and powerful tests, this "nuclear seismic pump" caused a complete imbalance of the planet's seismic climate.

As a result, since 1972, deep-focus earthquakes, that is, earthquakes with a source at a depth of 300-700 km, have disappeared on Earth. The number of earthquakes with average focal depths of 70–300 km decreased by approximately 60%. All earthquakes have risen to the zone of the upper part of the earth's crust. Everything that is happening today is happening at depths of 70 km or more. So the famous earthquake "Koba" in Japan was predicted at depths of 180-200 km. The epicenter of the earthquake was at a depth of 19 km, which caused significant damage.

All seismic energy was “raised” to an unnatural height for it and, due to the lack of a scattering effect, threw houses out of the ground along with foundations.

radio emission

But the most direct way to the destruction of the planet is the intense radiation of the Earth in the radio range.

With its electromagnetic, gravitational, torsion fields, the Earth, as an integral part of the whole, is implanted into the subtle space of the solar system. During the twentieth century, thanks to technological progress, the Earth itself became a source of the most powerful electromagnetic radiation in a wide spectrum of frequencies. Today, this activity has become so violent that it modifies the electromagnetic framework of the entire solar system, mainly through the most powerful radiation in the radio range.

According to the observations of scientists in the radio range, the Earth looks much brighter than the Sun. It not only resists the electromagnetic influence of the Cosmos, but also itself influences the solar-system electromagnetic interconnections. But even this was not enough. After the "string of pearls" of comet Shoemaker-Levy hit the surface of Jupiter, the connection between the Sun and Jupiter passed into the gigahertz range. Perhaps, with this transition, the solar system, which, according to scientists, manifests itself as a conscious organism that controls its parts, consciously restored the broken connection.

And what? Following this “switching” of radio frequencies between Jupiter and the Sun, humanity also began to transfer its radio communications to the gigahertz range, switching to cellular communications. In general, the activity of a person who considers himself the only inhabitant of the Universe, who “on the shoulder and by the right of omnipotence” is allowed to do everything, has acquired a nature-denying orientation. It is we, the people, who cause man-made disasters, tsunamis, typhoons. Practically, everything that a person does is directed against the Earth, living and intelligent. But with our unreasonable actions, we not only influence the state of our planet, but also interfere with solar-terrestrial and solar-planetary communications. We, humanity, are stubbornly moving towards self-destruction. Just like the Atlanteans.

In the "Revelations", which the Creator transmits to people through the Doctor of Technical Sciences, Academician L.I. Maslov, on this occasion it is said: “And as a response to the moral decay of mankind, the Material World responds with natural disasters. Natural disasters on a planetary scale are My reminder that this World is not eternal, and that there is a Higher Power that, despite scientific and technological progress, can cross out this World at any time.

In Don't Think Like a Human, Kryon says, "As there are shifts in the magnetic grid, and consequently shifts and wobbles in the earth's crust, as the weather changes, there will also be shifts in the earth's core. This will be followed by volcanic eruptions, new islands will appear in the oceans, extinct volcanoes will wake up, and harmless hills, in which something else cannot be suspected, will begin to spew hellish flames. True, Kryon reassures us by saying that there will be no global annihilation!

According to many scientists, the most important human mistake is the unwillingness to consider the Earth as a living being.

Yanitsky I.N. Physics and religion. M.: Publishing house of Public benefit, 1995.
Dmitriev A.N. Changes in the solar system and on planet Earth. Speech at the conference "Living Ethics" and "Secret Doctrine" in modern science, practical pedagogy and social life". Yekaterinburg. 08-09.08.99. Moscow: White elves, 2001.
Tikhoplav V.Yu., Tikhoplav T.S. sunny wind. St. Petersburg: IG "Nevsky Prospekt", Publishing House "Krylov", 2010. http://www.tihoplav.ru/book/book17.html
Revelations to the people of the new age. http://www.otkroveniya.info/
Carroll Lee. Kryon. Book VI. Partnership with God. Practical information for the new millennium. M.: OOO ID "Sofia", 2005.

Anthropogenic factors- various forms of activity of human society that lead to a change in the habitat of other species or directly affect their lives.

Man began to influence the natural environment around him since he moved from gathering to hunting and farming. The result of hunting was the disappearance of a number of species of large mammals and birds (mammoths, bison, sea cows, etc.). Many species have become rare and are on the verge of extinction. The development of agriculture led to the development of more and more new territories for growing cultivated plants. Forests and other natural biocenoses were replaced by agrocenoses - plantations of agricultural crops that were poor in species composition.

FROM mid-nineteenth in, all greater value begin to acquire impacts on nature associated with the development of industry, accompanied by changes in the landscape due to the extraction of minerals and the entry of pollutants into the environment.

Pollution is the introduction of new, non-characteristic substances into an environment or an excess of the natural level of these substances in the environment. It can also be said that pollution is an undesirable change in the physical, chemical or biological characteristics of air, land and water, which may now or in the future have an adverse effect on the life of the person himself, the plants and animals he needs, on different kind production processes and living conditions.

The impact of human production activities on its environment

Impact on the atmosphere

The main sources of air pollution are cars and industrial enterprises. According to scientists, more than 200 million tons of carbon monoxide and dioxide, 150 million tons of sulfur dioxide, more than 50 million tons of nitrogen oxides, and about the same number of hydrocarbons enter the atmospheric air every year. In addition, a large number of fine particles are emitted into the atmosphere, forming the so-called atmospheric aerosol (from 200 to 400 million tons annually). Due to the combustion of coal in power plants, mercury, arsenic, uranium, cadmium, lead and other elements enter the environment in quantities exceeding the possibilities of their involvement in the natural circulation of substances. The work of vehicles and environmentally polluted enterprises in industrial centers leads to the fact that the air above them contains 150 times more dust than over the ocean, and extends to a height of 1.5-2 km, delaying a significant (from 20 to 50%) part of the sun's rays. At the same time, it should be taken into account that part of the gases emitted by cars (CO, CO 2, etc.) are heavier than air and accumulate near the surface of the earth.

It is necessary to pay special attention to the consequences of an increase in the concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere. As a result of the continuously increasing combustion of fossil fuels over the past 100 years, the content of CO 2 has increased by 10%. CO 2 prevents thermal radiation into outer space, creating the so-called "greenhouse effect". According to scientists, further increase concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere will create conditions for an increase in planetary temperature, retreat of the border polar ice north and rising sea levels.

In rural areas, air pollutants are ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and pesticides.

Impact on the hydrosphere

The waters of the earth are in constant motion. The water cycle links together all parts of the hydrosphere, forming a single system: ocean - atmosphere - land. For human life, industry and Agriculture highest value have fresh water rivers due to their easy accessibility and renewability.

The main cause of pollution of water basins is the discharge of untreated or insufficiently treated wastewater into water bodies by industrial and municipal enterprises. Mineral fertilizers and pesticides are washed off agricultural land and enter the rivers. To traditional mineral, organic and bacterial pollutants of water bodies in recent decades added ever-increasing amounts of surface-active synthetic substances that are part of detergents and petroleum products. More than 10% of the total flow of the world's rivers is spent on the disposal of wastewater.

Pollution leads to poor quality drinking water and cause the death of spawning grounds of valuable commercial fish.

The level of pollution of the waters of the oceans is increasing. With river runoff, from the atmosphere with rain, when washing oil tankers, during oil production on the ocean shelf, it enters the water great amount lead (up to 50 thousand tons), oil (up to 10 million tons), mercury, pesticides, household waste, etc. This leads to the death of many organisms, especially in the coastal zone and in areas of traditional routes of ships. Especially harmful effect oil exerts on marine life. Oil films on the surface of the seas and oceans not only poison the living organisms that live in the surface layer, but also reduce the saturation of water with oxygen. As a result, the reproduction of plankton, the first link, slows down. the food chain in the seas and oceans. Many kilometers of oil films on the surface of the water reduce its evaporation and thus disrupt the water exchange between the ocean and land.

Impact on the soil

The fertile layer of soil in natural conditions is formed for a very long time. At the same time, tens of millions of tons of nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus, the main components of plant nutrition, are annually withdrawn from the vast areas occupied by agricultural crops. Soil depletion does not occur only because organic and mineral fertilizers are annually applied to the fields in cultural agriculture. Crop rotations also contribute to the preservation of soil fertility, aimed at creating conditions for the accumulation of nitrogen in the soil (legume crops) and hindering the reproduction of pests of cultivated plants. Unfavorable changes in the soil occur when the same crops are sown for a long time, salinization with artificial irrigation, waterlogging with improper reclamation.

Excessive use of chemical plant protection products against pests and diseases, the use of herbicides lead to soil contamination with compounds that, due to their synthetic origin and toxicity, are very slowly neutralized by the microbial and fungal population of the soil. Recently, many countries are abandoning the use of synthetic potent drugs and are switching to biological methods of protecting plants and animals.

Erosion is one of the anthropogenic changes in the soil. Erosion is the destruction and demolition of the soil cover by water flows or wind. Water erosion is especially destructive. It develops on slopes with improper cultivation of the land. With melt and rainwater, millions of tons of soil are carried away from the fields into gullies and ravines.

Radioactive contamination of the biosphere

The problem of radioactive contamination arose in 1945 after the explosion atomic bombs dropped by the Americans on Japanese cities Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Until 1962, all nuclear powers tested nuclear weapons in the atmosphere, which caused global radioactive contamination. Of great danger are accidents at nuclear power plants, as a result of which vast territories are contaminated with radioactive isotopes that have a long half-life. Particularly dangerous are strontium-90 due to its proximity to calcium and cesium-137, similar to potassium. Accumulating in the bones and muscles of affected organisms, they serve as a source of long-term radioactive irradiation of tissues.

Despite the fact that humanity is an insignificant part of the biomass of our planet, its activities are grandiose. It has become one of the most important forces that change the processes in the biosphere.

Before our eyes, a transition is taking place from evolution, which is controlled by natural biological factors(the period of biogenesis), to evolution controlled by human consciousness - to the period of noogenesis, the period conscious control biosphere on the basis of perfect technology.

A new state of the biosphere, in which labor activity turned out to be very significant, V. I. Vernadsky called the noosphere as a kind of new geological phenomenon on our planet, new stage development of the biosphere, when for the first time humanity becomes the greatest natural force. high rates The development of the industry has necessitated the protection of natural resources.

Human environmental activity

Protection of inanimate nature and environment

To protect water sources of the environment, the construction of facilities for the neutralization and treatment of wastewater has become a prerequisite for the construction of enterprises. Technological cycles began to improve, requiring a large number water. Increasingly, systems with a multi-turn or closed cycle of using the same volume of water are being used. Non-waste technologies are being developed, work is being carried out to reasonably regulate the number of algae in water bodies, causing "blooming of water", which significantly worsens its quality.

The most effective measures are those that eliminate the causes of the mass development of algae - a thorough cleaning of the bottom of the future sea from organic residues (trees, shrubs, humus soil layer), limiting the leaching of fertilizers from the fields and their entry into the reservoir, reducing the influx of nutrient mineral salts with domestic wastewater and industrial sewage(primarily phosphorus, nitrogen) and other elements that cause eutrophication of reservoirs and watercourses, i.e., their enrichment with nutritious mineral elements.

To protect the air environment from a significant amount of impurities (chemical and mechanical) emitted by industrial enterprises, systems of chemical, mechanical and electrostatic purification facilities and filters are used.

Animal protection

Excessive hunting and human destruction of the natural environment have led to the fact that a significant number of animals (especially commercial) and plants have become rare and even endangered. Over the past 200 years, more than 150 species of animals have disappeared from the face of the Earth, and this happened with the direct participation of man. Among the species lost forever, of course, were valuable in economic relations: aurochs, tarpans (wild European horses), sea (steller's) cow, wingless auk, passenger pigeon, etc. Mankind has lost many representatives of the animal world for breeding and genetic work with them, a significant part of the genetic fund for modern animal husbandry. In many cases, only the crossing of wild and domestic animals can increase the productivity of the latter, despite the fact that they are under the constant care of man, incomparably best conditions cultivation.

The number of some species of animals and plants has decreased so much that there is a threat to their continued existence. Currently, about a thousand species of animals belong to this category on our planet. In this regard, the "Red Book" was created, which lists the most valuable species that are under threat of destruction or extinction and therefore require careful protection.

The animal world independently and quite effectively regulates the number of certain types. Human intervention, not always thought out, interferes with this. Not so long ago, birds of prey and animals were destroyed. In Norway, at one time, hawks (enemies of white partridges) were almost completely exterminated, but the number of partridges still did not increase; the destruction of sparrows in China did not give the expected positive results. Regular shooting of wolves in many hunting grounds Oddly enough, our country has led, oddly enough, to a decrease in the number of wild ungulates - elk, deer due to diseases and weakening of offspring. A small number of wolves performed the function of orderlies, destroying, first of all, sick and weakened animals, as a result of which there was an effective biological rejection of genetically undesirable specimens.

To control the preservation of the ecological situation from further destruction, for the continuation in the biosphere of the stable circulation of substances formed during evolution, ensuring harmonious interaction and self-renewal of its most important elements, at the 16th session of the UNESCO General Conference in October 1970, an International Coordinating Committee for the implementation of new long-term program "Man and Biosphere".

The main objective of the program was to preserve the values of ecosystems through a deep study of the basic laws of interaction between nature and society. The program includes 14 projects covering various aspects of environmental protection and rational use of biosphere resources, as well as the fight against pollution.

The projects of the program focus on the selection of new highly productive plants and animals in order to eliminate the shortage of food protein, the use of fertilizers and land reclamation, pest and disease control; better study of the replacement of natural ecosystems by artificial ones and assessment of the future performance of such systems. The productivity of various biocenoses, the prospects and consequences of a possible overpopulation of the planet, the prospects for the development of cities, industrial, hydraulic structures, etc. are carefully studied. Particular attention is paid to the need to teach environmental sciences in schools and universities in order to deeply understand the relevance of this problem by the public.

Within the framework of one of the projects of the program "Man and the Biosphere", the creation of biosphere reserves is being carried out. UN specialists have proposed a zoning concept for biosphere reserves, which consists in the creation of three special zones: the core, the buffer zone and the transition zone, or the zone of cooperation with the local population. In 1974, the first biological reserve was founded in the United States, the main activity of which was to conduct long-term research.

In our country, there are reserves in almost every natural zone, which makes it possible to preserve animals and plants characteristic of this zone. The 20th session of the General Conference of UNESCO classified seven reserves as biosphere reserves in our country: Berezinsky, Prioksko-Terrasny, Central Black Earth, Caucasian, Repeteksky, Sary-Cheleksky, Sikhote-Allnsky, and since 1985 - two reserves and on the territory of Ukraine - Askania-Nova and Chernomorsky. The largest and most famous reserves, in addition to the listed biosphere ones, are: Altai, Astrakhan, Barguzinsky, Darwin, Ilmensky, Suputinsky, Teberdinsky (RSFSR); Carpathian, Polessky (Ukrainian SSR); Berezinsky (BSSR); Alma-Ata (KazSSR); Issyk-Kul (Kyrgyz SSR); Borjomi, Pontinsky (GSSR) and others. In addition, there are numerous game reserves, several thousand landscape, zoological, botanical and geological reserves and individual protected natural objects.

An important role is played by school forestries, which harvest seeds of valuable species of trees and shrubs, hang artificial nests for birds, monitor the cleanliness of lakes and rivers, protect fish resources, save fry from drying up reservoirs, carry out certification of small rivers and springs.

Active participation in the campaign "For the protection of nature" native land" accept student construction teams. Students check the sanitary condition of rivers and lakes, promote the ideas of nature conservation and rational use of natural resources among the population.

Due to the limited and non-renewable mineral resources, serious attention is now being paid to the protection and rational use organic and mineral resources, protection of land resources, including the improvement and directed change of land masses. Environmental protection is strictly regulated in the development of mineral resources by mining enterprises.

There is a system of state bodies for the protection of nature and its resources. These include bodies of state standard control, water protection, mining supervision, forest protection, quarantine service, fisheries supervision, state committee hydrometeorology, etc. Any activity that may lead to undesirable changes in the natural environment is limited or terminated.

A number of resolutions have been adopted aimed at improving the environment and improving the use of natural resources. These are measures to preserve the wealth of lakes Baikal and Sevan, the Caspian Sea, the Volga and Ural basins, and the Donets basin. Many new nature reserves and sanctuaries have been created as original reference samples of nature, including biospheric ones, and national parks.

We have every opportunity to keep clean water bodies, air, soil with their flora and fauna for ourselves and future generations. All these are important and irreplaceable details of a single mechanism - the Earth's biosphere, of which man himself is a part and outside of which he cannot exist.

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Space rocket launches

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