Shaken by wars. But in antiquity they were not as large-scale as they were in the 20th century. How many world wars have there been on planet Earth? There were two such conflicts: World War I and World War II. World War. A huge amount of destruction, the death of millions of soldiers and civilians - these are the results of such military campaigns.

World War Concept

A modern person knows about military conflicts mainly from history and fiction textbooks, documentaries. But not everyone understands the meaning of the term "world war". What does this expression mean, and how many world wars have there been?

An armed conflict in which several continents take part and at least twenty countries are involved is called a world war. As a rule, these countries are united against one common enemy. AT modern history There were two such conflicts: at the beginning of the 20th century, the First World War began, and at the end of the 30s of the same century, the Second World War. Many countries were involved in both armed conflicts: Germany, France, Italy, Great Britain, Russia, USA, Japan. All participating countries suffered huge losses causing a lot of grief, death and destruction to the population. How many world wars there were, their duration and outcome excite everyone who is interested in history.

Premonition of conflict

European countries at the beginning of the new century were in a state of division into two opposing camps. The confrontation was between France and Germany. Each of these countries was looking for allies in future war. After all, it requires huge resources to do so. In this confrontation, England supported France, and Austria-Hungary supported Germany. The unrest began in Europe long before that shot was fired in Sarajevo in 1914, which became the start of hostilities.

To overthrow the monarchy in such countries as Russia and Serbia, the Masons of France pursued an inflammatory policy, pushing states to war. How many world wars and wars of non-world significance have there been, they all began with a single event that became Starting point. So the assassination attempt on the Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, committed in Sarajevo in June 1914, was the reason for the introduction of Austrian troops into Serbia. Austria-Hungary officially declared war on Serbia on July 15, 1914 and bombed Belgrade the next day.

World War I

Slavic Serbia is an Orthodox country. Russia has always acted as its patroness. In this situation, the Russian Tsar Nicholas II could not stand aside and asked the Kaiser of Germany not to support Austria-Hungary in this "ignoble" war. In response, the German ambassador, Count Pourtales, presented Russian side note declaring war.

Per short term all the major states of Europe entered the war. Russia's allies were France and England. Germany and Austria-Hungary fought against them. Gradually, 38 states were drawn into the war, total number with a population of almost a billion people. How long did the world war last? It lasted four years and ended in 1918.

World War II

It seemed that the experience of the First World War, the terrible human losses, should have been a lesson for the countries participating in the conflict. How many world wars there were is written in all school textbooks. But humanity is stepping on the same rake for the second time: a prisoner following the results of the First World War did not satisfy such countries as Germany and Turkey. Territorial disputes followed, which increased tensions in Europe. In Germany, the fascist movement has intensified, the country is sharply beginning to increase its military potential.

Germany took military action and invaded Poland. It became In response to the actions of Germany, France and England declared war on the aggressor, but did not provide any support to Poland, and it was very quickly occupied - within 28 days. How many years did the world war last, which drew 61 states of the world into confrontations? It ended in 1945, in September. Thus, it lasted exactly 6 years.

Main steps

World War II was for the whole It was in this war that the first use was made nuclear weapon. Many states rallied against it. This was anti-Hitler bloc, whose members were: the USSR, France, Greece, England, the USA, China and a number of other countries. Many of them did not take part directly in hostilities, but provided all possible assistance by supplying medicines and food. There were also many countries on the side of Nazi Germany: Italy, Japan, Bulgaria, Hungary, Finland.

The main stages in this war are the following periods:

1. German European Blitzkrieg - from September 1, 1939 to June 21, 1941.
2. Attack on the USSR - from June 22, 1941 to November 1942. The failure of Hitler
3. From November 1942 to the end of 1943. At this time there is a turning point in the strategy of war. The Soviet troops went on the offensive. And at a conference in Tehran with the participation of Stalin, Churchill and Roosevelt, a decision was made to open a second front.
4. From 1943 to May 1945 - a stage marked by the victory of the Red Army, the capture of Berlin and the surrender of Germany.
5. The last stage is from May to September 2, 1945. This is the period of fighting Far East. Here, American pilots used nuclear weapons and attacked Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

victory over fascism

So, in September 1945, World War II ended. How many soldiers and civilians died, one can only say approximately. Until now, researchers are finding burial places that have remained since the time of this cruel and destructive war for all mankind.

According to a rough estimate of experts, the losses of all parties to the conflict amounted to 65 million people. Most of the countries participating in the war lost, of course, Soviet Union. This is 27 million citizens. The whole blow fell on them, as the Red Army offered stubborn resistance fascist invaders. But on Russian assessment the number of deaths is much higher, and the figure presented is too low. How many world wars there were on the planet, but history has not yet known such losses as in the Second. Foreign experts agreed that the losses of the Soviet Union were the most enormous. The figure is 42.7 million human lives.

Duration: 25 years
Ruler: Ivan IV the Terrible
Country: Russian Kingdom
Outcome: Russia has been defeated

The purpose of this war was the access of the Russian kingdom to the Baltic Sea and the provision of trade and political ties with Europe, which was actively prevented by Livonian Order. Some historians call the Livonian War, which lasted 25 years, a life's work.

The reason for the start of the Livonian War was the question of the "Yuryev tribute." The fact is that the city of Yuryev, later called Derpt, and even later Tartu, was founded by Yaroslav the Wise and, according to the agreement of 1503, an annual tribute was to be paid to the Russian kingdom for it and the adjacent territory, but this was not done. The war was successful for the Russian kingdom only until 1568.

The Estonian city of Tartu was founded by Yaroslav the Wise

Ivan IV the Terrible lost the war and Russian state was cut off from Baltic Sea. The war ended with the signing of two truces: Yam-Zapolsky in 1582 and Plyussky in 1583. Russia lost all its previous conquests, as well as significant land on the border with the Commonwealth and the coastal Baltic cities: Koporye, Ivangorod and Yam.

Duration: 20 years
Ruler: Peter I the Great
Country: Russian Kingdom
Outcome: Russia won

The Northern War began with the declaration of war on Sweden by the Northern Alliance. The Northern Union was created on the initiative of the Elector of Saxony and King Augustus II of Poland. The Northern Union also included the Danish-Norwegian kingdom, headed by King Christian V, and the Russian Kingdom, headed by Peter I. It is necessary to clarify the fact that the population of Sweden then exceeded the population of the Russian Kingdom.

In 1700, after a series of quick Swedish victories, the Northern Alliance collapsed, Denmark withdrew from the war in 1700, and Saxony in 1706. After that, until 1709, when the Northern Alliance was restored, Russian state fought with the Swedes mostly on their own.

On the side of the Russian Tsardom fought: Hanover, Holland, Prussia and part Ukrainian Cossacks. On the side of Sweden - England, Ottoman Empire, Holstein and part of the Ukrainian Cossacks.

victory in Northern War determined the creation of the Russian Empire

Three periods can be distinguished in the Great Northern War:

1. 1700-1706 - the period of the coalition war and the triumph of the Swedish arms
2. 1707-1709 - single combat between Russia and Sweden, which ended with the victory of a Russian soldier near Poltava
3. 1710-172 - finishing off Sweden by Russia together with former allies who, taking advantage of the opportunity, rushed to the aid of the winner

Duration: 6 years
Ruler: Catherine II the Great
Country: Russian empire
Outcome: Russia won

The reason for this war was the inciting by the French cabinet of the Porte against Russia, in order to provide assistance to the Bar Confederation. The reason for its announcement was the attack of the Gaidamaks on the Turkish border town of Balta. This is one of the key wars between the Russian and Ottoman empires.

During the First Turkish war Catherine the Russian army under the command of the famous commanders Alexander Suvorov and Pyotr Rumyantsev triumphantly defeated the Turkish troops in the battles of Larga, Cahul and Kozludzhi, and the Russian fleet under the command of admirals Alexei Orlov and Grigory Spiridov inflicted historic defeats Turkish fleet in the battle of Chios and at Chesme.

As a result of the war Russian empire grew by territories

The main goals of this war:

• for Russia - obtaining access to the Black Sea,
• for Turkey - the receipt of the Podolia and Volhynia promised to it by the Bar Confederation, the expansion of its possessions in the Northern Black Sea region and the Caucasus, the capture of Astrakhan and the establishment of a protectorate over the Commonwealth.

As a result of the war, the Russian Empire grew in territories: it included Novorossia and North Caucasus, a Crimean Khanate came under her protection. Turkey paid Russia an indemnity of 4.5 million rubles, and also ceded the northern coast of the Black Sea, along with two important ports.

On July 21, 1774, the Ottoman Empire signed the Kyuchuk-Kaynardzhi Treaty with Russia, as a result of which the Crimean Khanate formally gained independence under the protectorate of Russia.

4 War with Persia 1804-1813

Duration: 8 years
Ruler:
Country: Russian empire
Outcome: Russia won
Peculiarities:

Persia was extremely dissatisfied with the growing Russian power in the Caucasus and decided to fight this power before it had time to take deep roots. The accession of Eastern Georgia to Russia and the capture of Ganja by Tsitsianov served as catalysts for the start of this war.

In the summer of 1804 hostilities began: numerous Persian detachments began to attack Russian posts. Persian Shah Persian Baba Khan swore to expel from Georgia, cut and exterminate all Russians before last man. The forces were very unequal: Tsitsianov had only 8,000 people scattered throughout South Caucasus, while the Persians have an army of Crown Prince Abbas Mirza of 40,000 people.

A characteristic episode of the war was the battle on the Askerani River, where a small detachment of Colonel Karyagin - 500 rangers of the 17th regiment and Tiflis musketeers stood in the way of the Persian troops. For two weeks, from June 24 to July 7, a handful of Russian brave men repulsed the attacks of 20,000 Persians, and then broke through their ring, transporting both of their cannons over their bodies, as if over a living bridge. Dedicated to the selflessness of Russian soldiers. The initiative of the living bridge belongs to Private Gavrila Sidorov, who paid with his life for his selflessness.

The Living Bridge is an example of the dedication of Russian soldiers

With this resistance, Karyagin saved Georgia. The offensive impulse of the Persians was broken, and in the meantime Tsitsianov managed to gather troops and take measures to defend the country. On July 28, under Zagama, Abbas Mirza suffered a crushing blow. Tsitsianov began to subjugate the surrounding khans, but on February 8, 1806, he was treacherously killed under the walls of Baku.

On October 12 (24), 1813, the Gulistan Peace was signed in Karabakh, according to which Persia recognized the entry into the Russian Empire of Eastern Georgia and Northern Azerbaijan, Imeretia, Guria, Mengrelia and Abkhazia. In addition, Russia received the exclusive right to maintain a navy in the Caspian Sea.

Duration: 2 years
Ruler: Alexander I Pavlovich the Blessed
Country: Russian empire
Outcome: Russia won
Peculiarities: Russia fought two wars at the same time

The whole of 1811 passed in preparation for the coming big war, both in France and in Russia, who nevertheless supported for the sake of appearance diplomatic relations. Alexander I wanted to take the initiative into his own hands and invade German lands, but this was prevented by the unpreparedness of the Russian army and the ongoing war with Turkey in the Caucasus. Napoleon forced his father-in-law Austrian emperor and your vassal Prussian king put at his disposal their armed forces.

By the spring of 1812, the forces of the Russian Empire amounted to three armies total 200,000 people.

1. 1st Army - Commander: Barclay de Tolly. Number: 122,000 bayonets. The army observed the Neman line from Russia to Lida.
2. 2nd Army - Commander: Bagration. Number: 45,000 bayonets. The army was located between the Neman and the Bug, near Grodna and Brest.
3. 3rd Army - Commander: Tormasov. Number: 43,000 bayonets. The army gathered at Lutsk covered Volhynia.

Patriotic War consists of two major periods:
1) the war with Napoleon in Russia - 1812
2) overseas trips Russian army - 1813-1814

In turn, the foreign campaigns of the Russian army consist of two campaigns:

1. campaign of 1813 - liberation of Germany
2. campaign of 1814 - the crushing of Napoleon

The war is almost over complete annihilation Napoleonic army, the liberation of the territory of Russia and the transfer of hostilities to the lands of the Duchy of Warsaw and Germany in 1813. Among the reasons for the defeat of Napoleon's army Russian historian Trinity says:

• popular participation in the war and the heroism of the Russian army,
• unpreparedness French army to combat operations large spaces and in the natural and climatic conditions of Russia,
• military leadership talents of the Russian commander-in-chief M. I. Kutuzov and other generals.

6 Crimean War 1853-1856 (3 years)

Duration: 3 years
Other name: Eastern war
Ruler: Nicholas I Pavlovich
Country: Russian empire
Outcome: Russia has been defeated

It was a war between the Russian Empire and a coalition of several countries: the British, French, Ottoman Empires and the Kingdom of Sardinia. The fighting took place in the Caucasus, in Danubian Principalities, in the Baltic, Black, Azov, White and Barents Seas and in Kamchatka.

The most fierce battles Eastern war were in the Crimea.

The Ottoman Empire was in decline and only direct military assistance from Russia, England, France and Austria allowed the Turkish sultan to prevent the capture of Constantinople by the rebellious vassal Muhammad Ali of Egypt twice. At the same time, the struggle of the Orthodox peoples for liberation from the Ottoman yoke continued. These factors led to the desire of the Russian Emperor Nicholas I to free the Orthodox peoples of the Balkan Peninsula from the oppression of the Ottoman Empire. This was opposed by Great Britain and Austria. In addition, Great Britain sought to oust Russia from Black Sea coast Caucasus and from Transcaucasia.

Sevastopol Bay remained under Russian control

In the course of hostilities, the coalition troops managed to concentrate quantitatively and qualitatively superior forces of the army and navy in the Black Sea. This allowed them to successfully land an airborne corps in the Crimea, inflict a number of defeats on the Russian army and, after a year-long siege, capture southern part Sevastopol. But the Sevastopol Bay remained under Russian control.

On the Caucasian front Russian troops managed to inflict a number of defeats Turkish army and capture Kars. However, the threat of Austria and Prussia joining the war forced Russia to accept the terms of peace imposed by the allies. In 1856, the Treaty of Paris was signed with the following terms:

1. Russia is obliged to return to the Ottoman Empire everything captured in southern Bessarabia, at the mouth of the Danube River and in the Caucasus;
2. The Russian Empire was forbidden to have a combat fleet in the Black Sea, proclaimed neutral waters;
3. Russia stopped military construction in the Baltic Sea, and much more.

At the same time, the goals of separating significant territories from Russia were not achieved. The terms of the treaty reflected the virtually equal course of hostilities, when the allies, despite all efforts and heavy losses, could not advance further than the Crimea, and were defeated in the Caucasus.

Duration: 3 years
Ruler: Nicholas II Alexandrovich
Country: Russian empire
Outcome: Russia has been defeated
Peculiarities: The Russian Empire ceased to exist

The reason for the First World War was the assassination on June 28, 1914 in the Bosnian city of Sarajevo. Archduke of Austria Franz Ferdinand. The killer was a Serbian student from Bosnia, Gavrila Princip, who was a member of the Mlada Bosna organization, which fought for the unification of all South Slavic peoples into one state.

This caused a storm of indignation and an explosion of militant moods in Vienna, which saw in the incident a convenient excuse for "punishing" Serbia, which opposed the establishment of Austrian influence in the Balkans. Nonetheless, most active in unleashing the war showed ruling circles Germany. On July 10, 1914, Austria-Hungary presented an ultimatum to Serbia, which contained demands that were obviously unacceptable to Serbia, which forced the Serbs to reject them. On July 16, 1914, the Austrian bombardment of Belgrade began.

Russia could not remain aloof from the conflict:
the inevitable defeat of Serbia meant for Russia the loss of influence in the Balkans

As a result of the war, four empires ceased to exist:

• Russian,
• Austro-Hungarian,
• Ottoman,
• german

The participating countries lost more than 10 million people killed soldiers, about 12 million civilians killed, about 55 million were injured.

8 Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 (4 years)

Duration: 4 years
Ruler: Joseph Stalin (Dzhugashvili)
Country: USSR
Outcome: Russia won

War of the Soviet Union Socialist Republics against Nazi Germany and its allies: Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Slovakia, Finland, Croatia.

The development of a plan of attack on the USSR began in December 1940. The plan was codenamed "Barbarossa" and was designed for " lightning war"- blitzkrieg. The task of Army Group North was to capture Leningrad. The most powerful group - "Center" is directed to Moscow. Army Group "South" was supposed to occupy Ukraine.

According to calculations German command, within six months fascist troops were supposed to go to the line Arkhangelsk - Astrakhan. From the beginning of 1941, a massive transfer was carried out German troops to the Soviet borders.

Blitzkrieg of Nazi Germany failed

June 22, 1941 German troops crossed Soviet border. At the time of the attack, the balance of power was as follows. In terms of personnel: Germany - 1.5, USSR - 1; for tanks: respectively, 1 to 3.1; by aircraft: 1 to 3.4. Thus, Germany had an advantage in the number of troops, but the Red Army outnumbered the Wehrmacht in terms of the number of tanks and aircraft.

Most famous battles Great Patriotic War:

1. defense of the Brest Fortress
2. Battle for Moscow
3. Rzhev battle
4. Battle of Stalingrad
5. Kursk Bulge
6. battle for the Caucasus
7. defense of Leningrad
8. defense of Sevastopol
9. defense of the Arctic
10. liberation of Belarus - operation "Bagration"
11. battle for berlin

The total number of those who died in the Great Patriotic War is about 20 million citizens of the USSR.

Wars - this is what has always been, how many people live on the planet. Military uniform at different times and in different countries not like one another. It is interesting to know which warrior is the most handsome.

The most famous scout

After the film "Lawrence of Arabia" was released, the most famous spy became a man named Thomas Edward Lawrence. His role in the First World War is enormous.

While studying at the University, Thomas traveled a lot. Basically, these were trips to Syria, where he managed to thoroughly study the way of life of this eastern country. Being very hospitable, the Arabs always greeted Lawrence warmly. He ate simple food with them, learned to ride a camel, learned their dialects, and even wore Arabic clothes.

Soon British intelligence drew attention to young man and invited him to specialize in Arab affairs. Thanks to his activities, sabotage detachments were organized from among the Bedouins, which then operated in Arabia and Palestine. Not without the influence and help of a scout, one of the Turkish ports was taken by the Arabs during the war for independence from Turkey.

The same intelligence officer contributed to the change of padishah in the twenties. As a result, the one that was more convenient for England came to power. As a result, relations with the USSR heated up, and the question of sending troops to Afghanistan was raised.

The oldest paratrooper in Russia

Respectable warriors are paratroopers. In Russia, the most famous and oldest paratrooper was Alexei Sokolov. Unfortunately, in the spring of 2013, when he was one hundred and two years old, he passed away.

This man has lived interesting life. He participated in Finnish company, heading in those years the headquarters of a battalion of a tank brigade, then in the Second World War, he defended Leningrad, after that in the war with Japan. In 1948, with the rank of captain, he became deputy for the technical part of one of the parachute regiments.

Sokolov gave more than seventy years of service. Last years he was engaged in the military-patriotic education of youth, he was an honorary chairman in the Council of Veterans.

The most beautiful warrior in the world

The beauty of a warrior largely depends on military uniform that he is wearing. Many years have passed since the end of World War II, but the form of the Third Reich still remains the most beautiful among all known forms.

The designers of the black SS uniform were Carl Diebitsch and Walter Heck. Hugo Boss founded a company in 1924, which was engaged in sewing uniforms for the Hitler Youth, the SS and the Wehrmacht. The factory was located in Metzingen, where convicts and French prisoners worked.

The form of the Third Reich is beautiful, diverse and interesting in terms of the reasons that led to specific design decisions.

It should be noted that in those years Hugo Boss, how trademark, nobody knew. The company was originally engaged in sewing raincoats and overalls for workers. Receiving a defense order made it possible to save the precarious situation. Seventy-five thousand private German tailors were engaged in sewing uniforms, one of them was Hugo Boss.

Interestingly, there is also a very funny form. Most often, soldiers of the guard of honor stand in such an absurd form. Funny can be called the robes in which the Greek Evzones march at the grave in Athens unknown soldier, because of this, rare tourists can keep from laughing. They are wearing heavy woolen uniforms, double woolen stockings.

The Corps of the Swiss Guard is hired to guard the Pope. The uniform they wear was developed by Michelangelo and has not changed for four hundred years. Today, this uniform resembles a clown outfit.

The Fiji guard of honor are strong guys wearing tattered skirts. On their feet are slippers.

The strongest and greatest warrior of all time

They talked about great warriors, they talk and will always talk about them. These are called Spartacus, Napoleon and Cortes. Atilla is considered a great and mysterious warrior. Can't say Richard Lion Heart, who, being the king of England, became the head crusade to Jerusalem. Great Japanese samurai Tokugawa Ieyasu is considered the commander.

The greatest military leader of all time is Alexander the Great. Conquering the world has been his dream since childhood. Thanks to military victories, the borders of the empire stretched from India to Greece.

Recognized as a great warrior and brilliant commander Mongolian Khan Genghis Khan. The great Tamerlane managed to conquer the territory from the Volga to Samarkand.

skillful strategist ancient world is Hannibal. Being an enemy of the Roman Republic, he led the Punic Wars. He stood at the head of a huge army and was able to cross with him the Alps and the Pyrenees.

The great warrior and national hero of Russia is deservedly named Alexander Suvorov. In his military career there was not a single defeat. This commander had no equal in the art of war.

The famous commander who devoted his life to defending his homeland was Alexander Nevsky. Next to him you can put the name of another Russian commander - Dmitry Donskoy, who managed to defeat the Mongol horde with his army.

by the most strong warriors not only strong people became. Real strongmen - for example, athletes. According to the site, the strongest people in the world are athletes and can even move ships.
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In world history, many civilizations were born and died, but this article discusses the most dangerous and prosperous and their ancient warriors. Not the best side of humanity and history in particular is collected here. In those days, this may have been the norm, but today it seems simply monstrous and unimaginable. You know many civilizations from this rating, some films have been made in which everything is shown with better side but now you will know how it really was. So, from worst to worst in human history, the most fierce ancient warriors and civilizations of the world.

10. Sparta

Sparta was very different from other ancient Greek city-states. The word "Spartan" has come down to us to describe self-denial and simplicity. Spartan life was war. The children were more children of the state than their parents. They were born soldiers, statesmen, strong and disciplined.

Despite the noble portrayal of them in the movie "300" Spartans, they were a very cruel people. To represent: every Spartan male was a soldier. The rest of the work was done by slaves; the Spartans were warriors, that's all. All their lives they fought to the point of physical exhaustion and finally retired at 60. Death betrayed the Spartan into oblivion. The only Spartans who have been commemorated with tombstones are those who died in battle while winning. They and only they had to have graves in order to amaze future generations with heroism. The one who lost the shield was executed. By Spartan logic, the warrior must retrieve it or die trying.

9. Maori

The Maori were the original inhabitants of New Zealand. They created a reputation for themselves by actually eating everyone uninvited guests up until the 18th century. Maori believed that by devouring the flesh of their enemies, they become stronger, absorbing their best qualities.

They practiced cannibalism during the war. In October 1809 european ship with the convicts was attacked by a large group of cannibal warriors - in retaliation for cruel treatment with the chief's son. The Māori killed most of the 66 people on board. Victims - both dead and alive - they sent in boats back to the shore, to be eaten. The few "lucky" survivors who were able to take cover were horrified to see their comrades being devoured by the Maori all night long.

8. Vikings

The Vikings were North Germanic people of the sea who raided, traded and settled, exploring, in vast areas of Europe and Asia, as well as the North Atlantic islands from the late 8th to the mid-11th centuries. Notorious for terror and looting throughout Europe.

They were ferocious ancient warriors who never shied away from a fight. Their physical strength was reinforced by military skills, as well as the use various kinds weapons such as axes, swords and spears. Perhaps their religion can be called military. The Vikings firmly believed that all people have a purpose in this life, and they fought to the death. This was their goal. Each of them was a soldier and fully proved it on the battlefield, sweeping away everything in its path.

7 Apache Tribe

Known for their fearlessness in combat, the Apaches were like America's ninjas. They were not like the Native Americans themselves. With amazingly cunning skills, they were quite adept at using primitive weapons made of bone and stone. Apaches could sneak up behind you, and you would not even have time to realize that your throat was cut. These were the greatest knife fighters the world has ever seen; they were pretty good with the tomahawk, great at throwing axes. They terrorized the southwestern United States, and even the military had problems with them, scalping their victims. How Apache fighters had big success. Today, their descendants train special forces in hand-to-hand combat.

6. Roman Empire

The Roman Empire included almost everything that can now be considered Western Europe. The empire dictated the way of life in the conquered countries. The main countries were conquered England / Wales (then known as Britain), Spain (Hispania), France (Gaul), Greece (Achaia), in the Middle East - Judea and the coastal region North Africa. Yes, Rome was greatest empire but it is impossible to deny the horrors of this empire. criminals, slaves, ancient warriors and others were forced to fight each other to the death in gladiatorial games. Everybody knows the greatest villains Rome - Nero and Caligula. In AD 64, the first Christians were the object of terrible persecution. Some were torn apart by dogs, others burned alive like human torches. Before becoming an empire, Rome was a republic. The emergence of Rome is allegedly legendary and is associated with a she-wolf who nursed Roma and Remulus. Combined with excellent military and administrative system The Roman Empire is one of the longest. Ancient Rome lasted a whopping 2214 years!

5. Mongols

The Mongol Empire existed in the 13th and 14th centuries AD and was the largest landowner in human history. The Mongol Empire emerged from the unification of the Mongol and Turkic tribes under the leadership of Genghis Khan. The Mongols were considered barbarians and savages. Throughout Europe and Asia, they became famous for horseback riding and archery. They were highly disciplined. They used a composite bow, wielded spears and sabers. They were masters psychological warfare and built the second largest empire (after the British). It all started with the fact that Genghis Khan swore in his youth to take over the whole world. He almost made it. Then he set his sights on China, and the rest is history. During the invasion of India, they built a pyramid in front of the walls of Delhi from human heads. They, like the Celts, had a clause about severed heads. The Mongols loved to collect them and catapult them into the camp of the enemy. They did the same with plague corpses. When the Mongols ran into pregnant women, they did…things that we won't discuss here.

Communism is responsible for millions of deaths. Stalin killed 10-60 million people. The Soviet Union was probably one of the greatest enemies of the US. The ideology of total fear.

3. Celts

The Celts lived in the lands from british isles to Galatia. The Celts came into contact with the cultures of multiple neighbors, and there is no written mention about them. The Celts enjoyed a reputation as headhunters. Many Celts fought completely naked and were famous for their long swords. They cut off the heads of their dead enemies and fastened them to the necks of their horses. Bloody trophies the Celts gave to servants and sang hymns. The heads of the most prominent enemies they embalmed and preserved to be proud of. Like, instead of a bag of gold, we got an absolute victory and the head of the enemy. They are the third among the most cruel ancient warriors and civilizations of the world.

2. Aztecs

Aztecs were ethnic group Mexico, who spoke the Nahuatl language (14th-16th centuries). They had a complex theocracy. Aztecs brought human sacrifice. Cannibalism was also encouraged. They killed 20,000 people a year to "make the gods happy." The hearts of the victims were cut out and solemnly eaten. Someone was drowned, beheaded, burned or thrown from a height. And that's not even the worst. According to the rites of the "rain god", children were killed in different places so that their tears could cause rain. During the sacrifice to the "god of fire", a couple of newlyweds were thrown into the fire. In the rite of the "corn goddess" virgins danced for 24 hours, then they were killed and skinned. Aztec priests then carried this skin with them. And at the coronation, Ahuizotl is said to have killed 80,000 people to please his idols.

1. Nazi Germany

The most violent civilization in history. Nazi Germany (Third Reich) refers to Germany in the era when the country turned into a totalitarian state, being under the rule of Adolf Hitler as leader of the German National Socialist Workers' Party, until destruction by the Allied forces in May 1945. Despite its short duration, this civilization greatly influenced the world. Nazi Germany started the worst war in the history of mankind - World War II. By at least, 4 million people were killed during the Holocaust. The Nazi swastika is perhaps the most hated symbol in the world. Nazi Germany owned about 268,829 square miles of land. Hitler was one of the most powerful people in the history of the world, and his empire was by far the most terrible.

10

• Number of dead: 3,500,000 people
• The date: November 1799 - June 1815
• Place: Europe, Atlantic Ocean, Rio de la Plata, Indian Ocean
• Outcome: victory of the anti-Napoleonic coalition, Congress of Vienna

Wars fought by Napoleon Bonaparte different states Europe from 1799 to 1815 is usually referred to as the Napoleonic Wars. The gifted commander began to redistribute the political map of Europe even before he made the coup of 18 Brumaire and became the First Consul. Hanover campaign, the War of the Third Coalition or the Russian-Austrian-French War of 1805, the War of the Fourth Coalition, or the Russian-Prussian-French War of 1806-1807, which ended with the famous Peace of Tilsit, the War of the Fifth Coalition, or the Austro-French War of 1809, Patriotic the war of 1812 and the war of the Sixth Coalition of European Powers against Napoleon and, finally, the campaign of the Hundred Days era, which ended with the defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo, claimed the lives of at least 3.5 million people. Many historians double this figure.

9

• Number of dead: 10,500,000 people
• The date: 1917 - 1923
• Place: territory of the former Russian Empire
• Outcome: Victory of the Red Army, Formation of the USSR

The Civil War was the result of the revolutionary crisis that struck Russia at the beginning of the 20th century, which began with the revolution of 1905-1907, aggravated during the World War and led to the fall of the monarchy, economic ruin, deep social, national, political and ideological split Russian society. The apogee of this split was a fierce war throughout the country between armed forces Soviet power and anti-Bolshevik authorities.

During the Civil War, from hunger, disease, terror and in battles (according to various sources) from 8 to 13 million people died, including about 1 million Red Army soldiers. Up to 2 million people emigrated from the country. The number of street children increased sharply after the First World War and the Civil War. According to some data, in 1921 there were 4.5 million homeless children in Russia, according to others, in 1922 there were 7 million homeless children. Damage national economy amounted to about 50 billion gold rubles, industrial production fell to 4-20% of the level of 1913.

8

• Number of dead: 8 to 15 million people
• The date: 1862 - 1869
• Place: Shaanxi, Gansu
• Outcome: uprising crushed

In 1862, the so-called Dungan uprising against the Qing Empire began in northwestern China. Chinese and non-Chinese Muslim national minorities- Dungans, Uighurs, Salars - revolted, as Bolshaya writes Soviet Encyclopedia, against the national oppression of the Chinese-Manchu feudal lords and the Qing dynasty. English-speaking historians do not fully agree with this and see the origins of the uprising in racial and class antagonism and in the economy, but not in religious strife and rebellion against ruling dynasty. Be that as it may, but which began in May 1862 in Weinan County, Shaanxi Province, the uprising spread to the provinces of Gansu and Xinjiang. There was no single headquarters of the uprising, and in the war of all against all, according to various estimates, from 8 to 15 million people suffered. As a result, the uprising was brutally suppressed, and the Russian Empire sheltered the surviving rebels. Their descendants still live in Kyrgyzstan, South Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.

7

• Number of dead: 13,000,000 people
• The date: December 755 - February 763 BC
• Place: Tang China

The era of the Tang Dynasty is traditionally considered in China to be the period of the highest power of the country, when China was far ahead of the contemporary countries of the world. And the civil war at that time was to match the country - grandiose. In world historiography, it is called the Ai Lushan uprising. Thanks to the location of Emperor Xuanzong and his beloved concubine Yang Guifei, the Turk (or Sogdian) in the Chinese service, Ai Lushan concentrated enormous power in the army in his hands - under his command were 3 of the 10 border provinces of the Tang Empire. In 755, Ai Lushan rebelled and next year proclaimed himself emperor new dynasty Yan. And although already in 757 the sleeping leader of the uprising was stabbed to death by his trusted eunuch, it was possible to pacify the rebellion only by February 763. The number of victims is amazing: according to the smallest account, 13 million people died. And if you believe the pessimists and assume that the population of China decreased at that time by 36 million people, then you have to admit that the rebellion of Ai Lushan reduced the population of the world at that time by more than 15 percent. In this case, if you count by the number of victims, it was the largest armed conflict in the history of mankind until World War II.

6

• Number of dead: 15 to 20 million people
• The date: 14th century
• Place: Iran, Transcaucasia, India, Golden Horde, Ottoman Empire
• Outcome: Tamerlane's empire stretched from Transcaucasia to Punjab

Tamerlane (or Timur) - Central Asian Turkic commander and the conqueror who played essential role in the history of Central, South and Western Asia, as well as the Caucasus, the Volga region and Russia. Commander, founder of the Timurid Empire (1370) with its capital in Samarkand.

For 45 years aggressive campaigns Tamerlane put, no less, more than 3.5% of the population the globe second half of the 14th century. At least - 15 million, and even all 20!

5

• Number of dead: 22,000,000 people
• The date: July 28, 1914 - November 11, 1918
• Place: Europe, Africa and the Middle East (briefly in China and the Pacific Islands)
• Outcome: Entente victory. February and October Revolution in Russia and the November Revolution in Germany. The collapse of the Russian, German, Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian empires

The hero of Francis Scott Fitzgerald's novel The Great Gatsby called it "a belated migration of the Teutonic tribes." They called it war against war, the Great War, European war. The name with which she lived in history was coined by the military columnist for The Times, Colonel Charles Repington: The First World War.

The starting shot of the world meat grinder was the shot in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914. From that day until the armistice on November 11, 1918, more than 10 million soldiers and about 12 million civilians died by the most modest measure. If you come across the number 65 million, don’t be alarmed: it also included all those who died from the Spanish flu, the most massive flu pandemic in the history of mankind. In addition to the mass of victims, the result of World War I was the liquidation of four empires: Russian, Ottoman, German and Austria-Hungary.

4

• Number of dead: 20 to 30 million people
• The date: 1850 - 1864
• Place: China
• Outcome: defeat of the rebels

The Taiping state occupied a significant part southern China, under its jurisdiction were about 30 million people. The Taipings tried to carry out radical social transformations, the replacement of traditional Chinese religions with a specific "Christianity", while Hong Xiuquan was considered the younger brother of Jesus Christ. The Taipings were called "long-haired" because they rejected the braids adopted in the Qing state by the Manchus, they were also called hairy bandits.

The Taiping rebellion sparked a series of local uprisings in other parts of the Qing Empire, which fought against the Manchu authorities, often proclaiming their own states. Also got involved in the war foreign countries. The situation in the country became catastrophic. Taipings occupied big cities(Nanjing and Wuhan), rebels sympathizing with the Taipings occupied Shanghai, campaigns were made against Beijing and other parts of the country.

The Taipings were crushed by the Qing army with the support of the British and French. The war resulted in a huge number of casualties - an estimated 20 to 30 million people. Mao Zedong viewed the Taipings as revolutionary heroes who rose up against a corrupt feudal system.

3

• Number of dead: 25,000,000 people
• The date: 1644 - 1683
• Place: China
• Outcome:

25 million victims, or almost 5% of the inhabitants of the planet, is the price of creating an empire founded in 1616 by the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan in Manchuria, that is, present-day northeastern China. Less than three decades later, all of China, part of Mongolia and a large piece of Central Asia. Chinese empire Ming weakened and fell under the blows of the Great Pure State - Da Qing-guo. What was won with blood lasted a long time: the Qing empire was destroyed Xinhai Revolution 1911-1912, six-year-old Emperor Pu Yi abdicated. However, he will still be destined to lead the country - the puppet state of Manchukuo, created by the Japanese invaders on the territory of Manchuria and existed until 1945.

2

• Number of dead: 30,000,000 people
• The date: XIII - XV centuries
• Place: Asia, part of Europe
• Outcome: territory Mongol Empire became the largest in world history and stretched from the Danube to the Sea of ​​Japan and from Novgorod to Southeast Asia

The number of people who died during the formation of the Mongol Empire, existence and collapse, will also not leave indifferent: according to the most optimistic estimates, it is no less than 30 million. Pessimists count all 60 million. Truth, we are talking about a significant historical period - from the first years of the XIII century, when Temujin united the warring nomadic tribes into a single Mongolian state and received the title of Genghis Khan and until standing on the Ugra in 1480, when Moscow State under the Grand Duke Ivan III, it was completely freed from the Mongol-Tatar yoke. During this time, from 7.5 to more than 17 percent of the world's population died.

1

• Number of dead: 40 to 72 million people
• The date: September 1, 1939 - September 2, 1945
• Place: Eurasia, Africa, World Ocean
• Outcome: Victory anti-Hitler coalition. Creation of the UN. Prohibition and condemnation of the ideologies of fascism and Nazism. The USSR and the USA become superpowers. Reducing the role of Great Britain and France in global politics. The split of the world into two camps; the Cold War begins. Decolonization of vast colonial empires

The most terrible records are held by the Second World War. It is also the most bloody - the total number of its victims is carefully estimated at 40 million, and carelessly at all 72. It is also the most destructive: the total damage of all the warring countries has surpassed material losses from all previous wars, taken together, and is considered equal to one and a half, or even two trillion dollars. This war, and the most, so to speak, world war - 62 states out of 73 that existed at that moment on the planet, or 80% of the world's population, participated in it in one form or another. The war was on the ground, in the sky and at sea - the fighting was fought on three continents and in the waters of four oceans. It was the only conflict so far in which nuclear weapons were used.