When the Nazis attacked the USSR on June 22, 1941, the Soviet Union had only two real allies. (The USA and Great Britain became the official allies of the USSR in the war with Germany only on May 26, 1942 !!!) Many people know about Mongolia, but almost no one has heard about the second union state - the Tuva People's Republic.
What kind of state is Tuva?
Part of the current Russian Altai, where Tuvans lived, as well as Russian Old Believers and people of various classes who fled from the Russian government, belonged to Chinese empire Qing called "Tyanu-Uriankhai". In 1912, during the Xinghai Revolution in China, the Tuvans asked for a protectorate of Russia, fortunately, the main trade and cultural connections the population of Tuva were with Russia, and everyone fiercely hated the Qing officials for their wildest arbitrariness.
Nicholas II in April 1914 signed a decree on the Russian protectorate over Tuva and its annexation to the Yenisei province.
The revolution broke out. The territory of Tuva with its capital, the city of Belotsarsk (since 1926 - Kyzyl), was either under Kolchak, or under the "reds", by 1922 it became an independent state of the TPR, under the auspices of the USSR.
However, they acknowledged new country only the USSR and Mongolia, which is understandable. Until 1945, on all maps, except for Soviet ones, this territory was depicted as Chinese.
But the Tuvans didn't care much about that. They went to study in the USSR, built socialism with a nomadic bias, slowly outlived shamanism, which is not always useful. After all, with pneumonia, drugs from a pharmacy help better than bile bat to the sound of a shaman's tambourine. Although it was not without kinks. Seeing how the neighbors famously eradicate the conspiracies of the Trotskyists, the nomads also decided to keep up with civilization and fashion, urgently organized their own version of the NKVD, arrested a dozen leaders and a bunch of shamans, bais and sorcerers. Whom just in educational purposes whipped, who were sent to the camp, and the chief sorcerer was declared a Japanese spy, according to ancient custom, rolled up in felt and beaten with sticks. So that he would not turn into a zombie after death and not frighten the Komsomol members.
And then they carried out the collectivization of agriculture and created nomadic collective farms (87% of the population at that time led a nomadic lifestyle).
In 1932, Salchak Toka was elected head of Tuva, from laborers, in his youth he worked for a Russian peasant, where he learned the language, and whose daughter he married. He graduated from the university in Moscow in 1929, became the first Tuvan communist, headed the republic from 1932 to 1973.
He was an interesting and controversial person. On the one hand, he exterminated "Trotskyites", spies, shamans and lamas, on the other hand, he built hospitals, schools, and became the founder of Tuvan literature. Wrote many short stories, short stories, several plays.
Survived a personal tragedy, the first wife of the Old Believers, refused to go to the "anti-Christian" city of Moscow for her husband, a student, and then from religious beliefs did not allow their daughter to be treated modern medicines and she died of scarlet fever. This clearly did not add to the young communist's love for religion and the "old order".
But back to Tuva.
In the Soviet-Japanese conflict on Lake Khasan and Khalkhin Gol, volunteers from the TPR fought side by side with Soviet soldiers. In 1940, realizing the inevitability of war, the Tuvans created war ministry and began rearmament of the army, due to supplies from the USSR, of course.
Tuvans, having learned about the German attack on the USSR, immediately declared war on the Third Reich and all its allies, became the FIRST allies of the USSR in World War II. Although on the borders of Tuva there were aggressive Japanese troops and staged armed provocations.
The People's Khural of Tuva announced:
"The Tuva people are ready
not sparing life, by all
forces and means
take part in the fight
Soviet Union
against fascist
aggressor to
final victory
over it"
And it was not the Anglo-American "blah blah blah freedom and democracy, the struggle for everything good, against bad Nazism and the genocide of Jews", which our geopolitical "friends" got off with in those fatal events for the USSR in the first days of the war.
Tuva immediately handed over its ALL gold reserves (for 35 million rubles, huge money at that time, they came from Tuva from mining at local gold mines), offered to mobilize its troops and send them to the Soviet-German front, but Moscow asked them to stay with borders as a deterrent to the Japanese Kwantung Army. This was one of the factors WHY Japan did not dare to arrange a "second front" in 1941.
Tuva helped the fighting USSR as much as it could. Voluntary donations from citizens of Tuva were used to create and fully equip two tank brigades. At the expense of the republic, 10 Yak-7B fighters were purchased and transferred to the Soviet army. Tuvans gave the USSR 50,000 war horses, 700,000 head of cattle, EVERY Tuvan family gave the USSR from 10 to 100 horses, cows or sheep!!!
Tuvans organized the production of l yzh and sheepskin coats, delivered 52 thousand pairs of skis and 10 thousand coats. 400,000 tons of meat, and also honey (68 tons!!!), melted butter, wool, leather, canned fruits and berries, barley, flour, wax, resin... Everything is FREE OF CHARGE! The Tuvans sincerely did not understand how to take money from a fighting ally.
By 1943, it became clear that Japan would no longer dare to go to war with the USSR, and Tuvan volunteers were allowed to fight the Nazis. Let me emphasize. All soldiers from the TNR were exclusively volunteers. A Tuvan tank brigade was formed, which fought as part of the 52nd Army on the 2nd Ukrainian front and several cavalry divisions, which immediately showed high fighting qualities. Skillfully disguised, they made raids on the rear of the enemy, the blessed steppe horses are extremely hardy and unpretentious, they unexpectedly attacked the Germans, sometimes, having caught the infantry on the march, they attacked "with a swoop", preventing them from lying down and organizing defense.
Soon the Germans became terribly afraid of the Tuvan cavalry, because, according to the customs of Tengrianism, which were remembered by volunteer Komsomol volunteers during the war, the Tuvan cavalry did not take prisoners on principle, and if they caught someone alive, then in the evening, by the fire, hiding from the political instructor, they slowly sent " messenger to the Upper Heaven" to tell about their victory "ancestors and good spirits".
Miraculously, the surviving Wehrmacht officer G. Remke (taken to headquarters, like a language), left the following memories:
"their attacks were
terrible and rendered
extremely
demoralizing
influence on soldiers
Wehrmacht." "On us
hordes galloped
barbarians, from whom not
there was salvation.
But victories came at great cost. Out of 10,000 Tuvan volunteers, only 300 returned home! They did not spare their enemies, despised cowardice, and were not afraid of death.
By 1944, it became clear that there were no greater friends and patriots than the Tuvans, and the independent TPR became part of the USSR on the rights of autonomy. And the national military units were transformed into a Separate 7th Cavalry Division of the Red Banner Siberian District.
According to historians, shipments from Tuva and Mongolia were ONLY ONE-THIRD LESS than all the total shipments from the USA, Great Britain, Canada, Australia and other countries. (This is to the stupid myth about the American stew, which allegedly "filled up" the USSR).
Friends must not be forgotten, and remembering the Great Patriotic War, one must also remember the generous people of Tuva and their brave soldiers.
Seventy years ago, the Soviet people were able to defeat a dangerous and very strong enemy. And almost everyone contributed to it. Soviet people, all nations and nationalities, all regions of a large country. But it is impossible not to recall the feasible contribution of our allies. No, this article will not be about the Anglo-American coalition, whose contribution to the victory over fascism is also indisputable. Remote and weak Mongolia, with a small population, with a backward economy, itself under threat Japanese invasion, helped the Soviet Union as much as she could.
First fraternal state
Until the end of the 1940s, Mongolia and another small state- The Tuva People's Republic, which later became part of the RSFSR, remained the only real allies of the Soviet Union. This was explained by the fact that direct participation In Soviet Russia, people's democratic governments oriented towards the socialist path of development came to power in both Central Asian states. Of course, it was very difficult to modernize the extremely backward, medieval feudal, and in some places tribal way of life, Mongolia and Tuva. But the Soviet Union provided invaluable support to local progressives in this. In turn, Mongolia and Tuva became strongholds of Soviet influence in Central Asia. At the same time, the larger Mongolia also performed the important task of a buffer between the territory of the USSR and China, in which there was virtually no unified statehood at that time, and close to Soviet borders territories controlled by hostile Japan. As early as March 12, 1936, a Protocol on Mutual Assistance was concluded between the Soviet Union and the Mongolian People's Republic. When the armies of Japan and the puppet state of Manchukuo invaded Mongolian territory in 1939, the 1st Army Group, commanded by Georgy Zhukov, came out on the side of the MPR. As a result of the fighting on the Khalkhin Gol River, the Red Army and the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Army (MPRA) were able to defeat the Japanese and Manchu troops. Meanwhile, back in the summer of 1938, Soviet and Japanese troops clashed in battles near Lake Khasan.
Soviet-Mongolian military friendship goes into a more distant past - in the turbulent years civil war in Russia itself. Actually, popular revolution in Mongolia in 1921 she won with the direct support of Soviet Russia, which provided comprehensive assistance to the Mongolian revolutionaries. In 1920, anti-Chinese groups operating in Urga, which included Sukhe-Bator (pictured) and Choibalsan, the future leaders of the Mongolian revolution, came into contact with the Russian Bolsheviks. Under the influence of the Bolsheviks, on June 25, 1920, the Mongolian People's Party was created. On August 19, 1920, the Mongolian revolutionaries went to Irkutsk, where they received assurances of support from Soviet Russia in exchange for the creation people's government in Mongolia. After that, Sukhe-Bator and Choibalsan remained in Irkutsk, where they underwent military training under the leadership of the Bolsheviks. Thus, the leaders of the Mongolian revolution were in fact the first Mongolian military men trained in Soviet Russia. Sukhbaatar himself already had experience military service in the rank of sergeant major in the machine-gun squadron of the old Mongolian army, and Choibalsan was a former monk and simple laborer. In early February 1921, Choibalsan and another revolutionary, Chagdarzhav, returned to Urga. On February 9, the commander-in-chief of the Mongolian revolutionary army Sukhe-Bator was appointed, who began to recruit soldiers - cyrics among the Mongolian pastoralists - arats. On February 20, clashes began with a few Chinese units. The Provisional Government of the Mongolian People's Republic was formed, in which the status of Sukhe-Bator as commander-in-chief was also confirmed. On March 18, the number of the young Mongolian army increased to 400 soldiers and commanders, and battles began with Chinese troops.
On April 10, 1921, the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Party and the Provisional Government of the MPR addressed the Council people's commissars RSFSR with a request to provide military aid in the fight against the detachments of the "whites" retreating to the territory of Mongolia. Thus began the cooperation of the Soviet and Mongolian armies. Red Army, Mongolian formations, People's Revolutionary Army Far Eastern Republic acted jointly against the Chinese militarists, the Asian division of Baron R. Ungern von Sternberg and smaller groups. The Asian division of Baron Ungern failed to storm Kyakhta - the young Mongolian army defeated the units of the baron, who suffered heavy losses, and he was forced to go back to Buryatia. Soon, Ungern's division was defeated, and he himself was captured by the Mongols, and then by the red partisans P.G. Shchetinkin. June 28 Soviet Mongolian troops entered the territory of Mongolia, and on July 6 they took the capital of Mongolia, Urga, without a fight. In the future, Soviet military specialists helped the Mongolian command in organizing and training the first regular units of the revolutionary army. In fact, the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Army was created with the direct participation of Soviet military advisers and specialists. So, the first two years of the existence of the Mongolian army, its General Staff was headed by Soviet military specialists Lyatte, P.I. Litvintsev, V.A. Huva, S.I. Popov.
- cavalrymen of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Army
After the defeat of the Whites and the ousting of Chinese troops from Mongolia, the young people's republic had a new serious enemy. Northeastern part of the weakened internal contradictions China was occupied by Japan. On the territory of a number of provinces, the puppet state of Manchukuo was created, headed by Emperor Pu Yi, who claimed legitimate power in all of China. In Inner Mongolia the state of Mengjiang was created, which was also actually under the complete control of Japan. Both states and Japan behind them were fierce opponents of the Mongolian People's Republic. Japanese and Manchurian troops constantly committed provocations on the border with the MPR, "breaking through" the level of border protection. During 1932-1935. conflicts in the border zone were constant, several dozen Mongolian soldiers and commanders received military awards for the valor shown in the battles with the Japanese and Manchu troops. Pilot D. Demberal and Jr. commander Sh. Gongor received the country's highest award - the title of Hero of the MPR. The need to protect the state interests of the MPR dictated the signing of the Protocol on Mutual Assistance between the MPR and the USSR in 1936. Also, the Soviet Union assisted the Mongolian army in the training of personnel, supplied the Mongolian troops with weapons and ammunition. So, in 1936, Mongolia began to receive Soviet-made armored cars. In the first batch, 35 Ba-6s and 15 FAIs arrived. After that, the creation of the Mongolian armored brigade began, and an armored squadron of 9 BA and 9 FAI was included in each cavalry division of the MNRA. 
As soon as Nazi Germany and its allies committed aggression against the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941, unleashing a war, a joint meeting of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party, the Presidium of the Small State Khural of the MPR and the Council of Ministers of the MPR was held on the same day. It was decided to express the unequivocal attitude of the Mongolian government, the people of Mongolia to the beginning of an aggressive war Nazi Germany and her allies against Soviet state. The meeting decided to confirm fidelity to the obligations assumed by Mongolia in accordance with the Protocol on Mutual Assistance between the MPR and the USSR of March 12, 1936. The most important task The Mongolian people and state proclaimed assistance to the Soviet Union in the fight against Nazi Germany. It was emphasized that only the victory over fascism could ensure further freedom and effective development Mongolia. It should be noted that this statement of the Mongolian leadership was far from being declarative. Almost immediately it was followed by real practical actions Mongolia and its citizens to support the Soviet Union.
All for the front, all for victory
In September 1941, the Central Commission under the government of the MPR was formed, similar commissions were created in each aimag of the country. Their tasks included organizing work to provide assistance to the Soviet Red Army fighting against fascist invaders. A massive wave of donations to the aid funds of the Red Army began throughout Mongolia. Many ordinary Mongols, workers and cattle breeders, carried in literally the last of their modest stocks. After all, the population of the MPR did not differ anyway high level life. At the call of the government of the Mongolian People's Republic, brigades were created in the aimags to procure furs and meat. Warm clothes and meat products were sent to the Soviet Union - to be transferred to the fighting units of the Red Army. Mongolian workers worked and after the end of the labor shift, the cattle breeders handed over meat and wool. That is, all representatives of the working people of Mongolia made their best contribution to the collection of assistance for the fighting Red Army. It should be noted that this assistance was of great importance for replenishing the food and clothing stocks of the Red Army, organizing its medical support. But most importantly, she demonstrated the nationwide solidarity of the Mongols in supporting the Soviet people, who were waging a bloody war against the fascist invaders.
In October 1941, the first echelon formed by the citizens of the country was sent from Mongolia with gifts to the soldiers of the Red Army. He was carrying 15 thousand sets of winter uniforms, about three thousand individual gift parcels for total amount 1.8 million tugriks. In addition, the State Bank of the USSR received 587,000 tugriks in cash for spending needs. In total, eight echelons were sent from Mongolia to the Soviet Union during the first three years of the war. They delivered food, uniforms and other necessary things for a total of 25.3 million tugriks. The last ninth echelon of 127 wagons was sent at the beginning of 1945. Here indicative list delivered only by one of the echelons - in November 1942: short fur coats - 30,115 pieces; felt boots - 30,500 pairs; fur mittens - 31,257 pairs; fur vests - 31,090 pieces; soldier's belts - 33,300 pieces; woolen jerseys - 2,290 pieces; fur blankets - 2,011 pieces; berry jam - 12,954 kg; goitered gazelle carcasses - 26,758 pieces; meat - 316,000 kg; individual parcels - 22,176; sausage - 84,800 kg; oil - 92,000 kg. (Semenov A.F., Dashtseren B. Squadron "Mongolian Arat". - M., Military Publishing, 1971).
Yu. Tsedenbal, Secretary General of the Central Committee of the MPRP, in his report at a meeting of party activists in the city of Ulaanbaatar on October 6, 1942, stated: “It is necessary to understand and explain to every working person of the Mongolian People’s Republic that only the defeat of Hitlerism will save our country from the threat of a military attack, from all those horrors that the peoples of the warring countries are now experiencing, that we must give everything we can to achieve this goal, without which no momentary well-being will be lasting ”(Quoted by: Semenov A.F., Dashtseren B. Squadron “Mongolian arat ". - M., Military Publishing, 1971). And the population of Mongolia heeded this call of the leadership of the party and the state, sharing the latter for the sake of helping the front. So, many arats transferred their monthly or even annual earnings to help the front, gave away a significant part of the livestock and horses.
In the autumn of 1942, a caravan of camels left the city of Khovd. The caravan was unusual. First, it was the largest in the history of the Great silk road and numbered 1200 camels. Secondly, he was carrying things very necessary for the warring Red Army. Carefully sewn by Mongolian women, 5,000 jerseys and 10,000 sheepskin coats, 22,000 pairs of socks and mittens made of camel hair, seven tons of dried meat, funds for the construction of the T-34 tank - all this was collected by the nomads of the steppe country for the Red Army. The caravan had to go through a very difficult path - almost a thousand kilometers through the semi-desert, mountains, overcoming the Chuisky tract. Destination the destination of the caravan was the city of Biysk. The caravan was headed by 19-year-old B. Luvsan, the commander of the Komsomol detachment, who was instructed to escort the cargo. In November 1942 the caravan left Khovd. At the Chike-Taman pass, several dozen camels fell into the abyss. Almost three months went to Biysk, only occasionally meeting the nomad camps of local residents - the Oirats, who helped the travelers with food, nursed the frozen and sick caravan guides.
B. Luvsan recalled: “In the winter of 1942, we were warmly welcomed in the Oirot autonomous region- said the interlocutor. - They were invited to houses, to yurts, fed, poured tea, accompanied, helped to take care of camels, from which the load was not removed even during overnight stays. In the winter of 1942 there were severe frosts. A temperature of minus 30 degrees was considered a thaw. The inhabitants of Gorny Altai gave us their last, so that we would only reach Biysk. I still keep the bell that hung around the neck of a large camel. For me and my family, this is a great relic. During the movement of the caravan, we sang the folk song "Sailen Boor". She has many verses and told about friendship, love, loyalty and devotion” (quoted: Navanzooch Tsedev, Dashdorj Munkhbat. Mongolia - the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War // World of Eurasia).
Only in February 1943 did the caravan reach its destination. He went back 10 days later. Despite the war, grateful Soviet citizens equipped it with flour, wheat, vegetable oil - those goods that were in short supply in Mongolia and that the nomads really needed. B. Luvsan received the high title of Hero of the Mongolian People's Republic for leading this extremely dangerous crossing.
Tank column "Revolutionary Mongolia"
But even more valuable was Mongolia's contribution to providing the warring Red Army with weapons and horses. On January 16, 1942, a fundraiser was announced with the aim of acquiring tanks for tank column. Thanks to voluntary donations from citizens of the MPR, 2.5 million tugriks, 100 thousand US dollars, 300 kg were transferred to Vneshtorgbank. gold products. The collected funds were used to purchase 32 T-34 tanks and 21 T-70 tanks. Thus, the column "Revolutionary Mongolia" was formed, for the transfer of which to the Red Army on January 12, 1943, representatives of the command of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Army, led by Marshal Khorlogiin Choibalsan, arrived in the Naro-Fominsk region of the Moscow Region. The transferred tanks had personal names: “Big Khural”, “From the Small Khural”, “From the Council of Ministers of the MPR”, “From the Central Committee of the MPRP”, “Sukhe Bator”, “Marshal Choibalsan”, “Khatan-Bator Maksarzhav”, “Mongolian Chekist ”, “Mongolian arat”, “From the intelligentsia of the MPR”, “From Soviet citizens in the MPR.
The Mongolian delegation transferred the "Revolutionary Mongolia" tank column to the command of the 112th Red Banner Tank Brigade. This unit was formed on January 2, 1942 instead of the 112th Panzer Division, which fought heroically in the battles for Tula and Moscow and lost a significant part of its tanks, guns and personnel. At the same time, the number designation of the abolished division was retained for the brigade, and the names of the regiments that were part of the division were retained for the battalions of the brigade. By the way, in addition to tanks, the Mongolian delegation brought 237 wagons of food and things for the Red Army. 1,000 tons of meat, 90 tons of butter, 80 tons of sausages, 150 tons of confectionery, 30,000 sheepskin coats, 30,000 pairs of boots, 30,000 fur padded jackets were delivered. On October 30, 1943, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR "For the excellent performance of command assignments and the heroism and courage shown by the personnel in the battles against the Nazi invaders," the 112th Tank Brigade was renamed the 44th Guards Red Banner tank brigade"Revolutionary Mongolia". By the way, until the end of the war, Mongolia carried out the full provision of the brigade with food and clothing allowances at its own expense.
Squadron "Mongolian arat"
Mongolia also contributed to equipping the Soviet military aviation. In 1943, the collection of funds from the citizens of the MPR began for the acquisition of an aviation squadron, which was called the "Mongolian Arat". For the purchase of aircraft, 2 million tugriks were transferred in July 1943. On August 18, I.V. Stalin personally expressed gratitude to the leadership of the Mongolian People's Republic for the assistance provided in the formation of the squadron: “To the Prime Minister of the MPR, Marshal Choibalsan. On behalf of Soviet government and personally, I express my heartfelt gratitude to you and in your person to the government and people of the Mongolian People's Republic, who collected two million tugriks for the construction of a squadron of combat aircraft "Mongolian Arat" for the Red Army, which is waging a heroic struggle against the Nazi invaders. The desire of the working people of the MPR to build a squadron of combat aircraft "Mongolian Arat" will be fulfilled. I. Stalin, August 18, 1943” (Semenov A.F., Dashtseren B. Squadron "Mongolian Arat". - M., Military Publishing, 1971).
The transfer of 12 La-5 aircraft of the squadron to the Soviet command took place at a field airfield at the Vyazovaya station, which in Smolensk region, September 25, 1943 The "Mongolian Arat" squadron became part of the 2nd Guards Regiment of the 322nd Fighter Aviation Division. Captain N.P., Hero of the Soviet Union, became the first commander of the "Mongolian Arat" squadron. Pushkin. The deputy commander of the squadron was Guards Senior Lieutenant N.Ya. Zenkovich, squadron adjutant - guard lieutenant M.G. Rudenko. The technical staff was represented by senior technicians of the guard, senior technician-lieutenant F.I. Glushchenko and guard technician-lieutenant N.I. Kononov. The unit commander was Guards Senior Lieutenant G.I. Bessolitsyn, senior technician-lieutenant N.I. Kalinin, senior pilots - guards junior lieutenants A.P. Kalinin and M.E. Ryabtsev, pilots - M.V. Baranov, A.V. Davydov, A.E. Dmitrievsky, A.I. Zolotov, L.M. Masov, A.S. Subbotin, V.I. Chumak. The squadron showed itself at its best, in fact confirming its high combat capability and justifying the hopes of the citizens of Mongolia who participated in raising funds for its creation. As in the case of a tank column, the leadership of the Mongolian People's Republic was engaged in food and clothing support for the squadron until the very victory. Warm clothes, meat, butter, sweets - all this was transferred to the fighters from the Mongolian cattle breeders.
Five hundred thousand horses
Mongolia's contribution to the supply of horses to the Red Army was invaluable. In fact, only Mongolia, with the exception of the Soviet Union itself, provided assistance to the Red Army with horses. It should be noted that apart from the Soviet Union itself, there was nowhere to take horses for the needs of the Red Army except in Mongolia. Especially in such quantities that the front needed. First, only the United States had a similar resource of horses. Secondly, their delivery from the USA was practically impossible due to the excessive complexity of transportation and the impossibility in a capitalist country to organize their purchase from private owners at cheap prices. So Mongolia became the main supplier of horses for the Red Army.
The first deliveries of horses, the quantity and quality of which Mongolia was famous for, began as early as the end of 1941. From March 1942, the state organized the purchase of horses at specially established state prices. During the war years, more than 500 thousand horses were delivered from Mongolia to the Soviet Union. In addition, 32,000 horses (an amount sufficient to complete 6 cavalry divisions in wartime states) were supplied to the Soviet Union as gifts from the farms of Mongolian pastoralists - arats. Thus, every fifth horse of the Red Army was supplied by Mongolia. These were small horses of the Mongolian breed, distinguished by great endurance, unpretentiousness in food and "self-sufficiency" - they fed themselves, pinching grass and nibbling the bark of trees. General Issa Pliev recalled that “... an unpretentious Mongolian horse next to Soviet tank reached Berlin.
Food aid to the Red Army, provided by a small population and economically weak Mongolia, was practically equal to food supplies from the United States. If the American side delivered 665,000 tons of canned food to the Soviet Union, Mongolia provided 500,000 tons of meat for the needs of the front. As we can see, the figures are almost equal, only the scale of the American and Mongolian economies is completely incomparable. Wool supplies from Mongolia also played a huge role in providing the Red Army. They even cut off supplies of similar products from the USA - if 54 thousand tons of wool were sent from the United States, then from Mongolia - 64 thousand tons of wool. Naturally, such a large-scale supply of food and things demanded enormous stress from the Mongolian economy. Human Resources Mongolian People's Republic were fully involved. In Mongolia, a ten-hour working day was officially introduced. A huge part of the livestock was withdrawn by the state for the needs of supporting the allied Soviet state. Thus, throughout the entire period of the Great Patriotic War, Mongolia provided significant and invaluable assistance to the fighting Red Army and the Soviet people. But still, the main contribution of Mongolia to the Second World War occurred after the victory over Nazi Germany. It's about about the war with Japan, in which the Mongolian People's Republic took an active part.
Mongolian army in the war with Japan
Since from the very beginning of the Great Patriotic War there was a huge risk of a Japanese attack on the Soviet Union, the Soviet leadership was forced to keep a millionth contingent of armed forces in the Far East and Eastern Siberia. These forces could be used to repel the aggression of Nazi Germany, but they were located in the Far East and Eastern Siberia. The role of the auxiliary armed force in this situation was assigned to the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Army. In the event of aggression by militaristic Japan, the MNRA was to play a very important role in supporting the Far Eastern troops of the Red Army. Therefore, the Mongolian leadership in 1941-1944. The strength of the country's armed forces was quadrupled. At General Staff The MNRA were created according to the Soviet model of the management of the armed forces - tank, mechanized, artillery, aviation, medical and veterinary service. In October 1943, a officer school named after Sukhbaatar. On September 8, 1942, 110 citizens of Mongolia were admitted to the universities of the Red Army, a number of citizens of the MPR went to study at the cavalry military schools of the troops of the NKVD of the USSR. 10 senior officers of the MNRA were sent to study in military academy them. M.V. Frunze.
Defense spending has risen substantially, and the military training population. A law on universal military service, which extended to all men and even women of Mongolia. These measures of the Mongolian leadership made it possible to take several Soviet divisions from the Far East and transfer them to the European part of the USSR against the Nazi invaders. When Nazi Germany and its European allies were defeated, Japan remained - the last member of the Axis, fighting in the Asia-Pacific region against British, American, Australian and New Zealand troops. In February 1945 I.V. At the Yalta Conference, Stalin promised to declare war on Japan two to three months after the final defeat of Nazi Germany. Stalin kept his promise. On August 8, 1945, exactly three months after the Great Victory, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan.
However, preparations for hostilities in the Far East began much earlier. Back in May 1945, the USSR began the transfer of significant military contingents to the Far East. From May to early August, more than 400,000 military personnel, 7,137 artillery pieces and mortars, 2,119 tanks and self-propelled artillery installations were transferred to the Far East. Three fronts were formed - Trans-Baikal as part of the 17th, 36th, 39th and 53rd armies, the 6th Guards tank army, horse-mechanized group of Soviet-Mongolian troops, 12th air army and air defense forces; 1st Far East as part of the 35th, 1st Red Banner, 5th and 25th Army, Chuguev Operational Group, 10th Mechanized Corps, 9th Air Army, Maritime Army air defense; 2nd Far East as part of the 2nd Red Banner, 15th and 16th Armies, 5th Separate Rifle Corps, 10th Air Army, Amur Air Defense Army. The Trans-Baikal Front was commanded by Marshal R.Ya. Malinovsky, 1st Far East - Marshal K.A. Meretskov, 2nd Far East - Marshal A.M. Vasilevsky. On the side of the Soviet Union, the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Army under the command of Marshal Kh. Choibalsan was also to act. On August 10, 1945, the MPR government declared war on Japan. The mobilization affected almost all the able-bodied male population of Mongolia. Almost every Mongolian man of working age was drafted into the army - even the Soviet Union during the Great Patriotic War did not know such mobilization.
The Mongolian troops became part of the Cavalry Mechanized Group of the Transbaikal Front, commanded by Colonel General Issa Alexandrovich Pliev. The group's chief of staff was Major General Viktor Ivanovich Nikiforov. The Mongolian command was represented by two generals - the deputy commander for the Mongolian troops was Lieutenant General Zhamyan Lkhagvasuren, the head of the political department of the Mongolian troops was Lieutenant General Yumzhagiin Tsedenbal. The Mongolian formations of the cavalry-mechanized group included the 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th cavalry divisions of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Army, the 7th motorized armored brigade of the MNRA, the 3rd separate tank regiment and the 29th artillery regiment MNRA. The total number of horse-mechanized formations of the MNRA totaled 16 thousand military personnel. They were consolidated into 4 cavalry and 1 aviation divisions, a motorized armored brigade, tank and artillery regiments, and a communications regiment. It was armed with 32 light tanks and 128 artillery pieces. In addition to the cavalry-mechanized group, more than 60 thousand Mongolian military personnel were mobilized to the front, the rest of the forces were on the territory of the country. 200 soldiers and officers of the MNRA died during the Manchurian operation. For distinction in military operations, three servicemen received the title of Hero of the MPR: private - machine gunner Ayuush Luvsantserengiin was awarded posthumously, Major Samgiin Dampil and Major Dashiin Danzanvanchig also received stars.
Mongolian troops acted in the areas of Dollonor - Zhehe and Kalgan. In the first week of hostilities alone, the Mongolian army advanced 450 km, liberated the city of Dolonnor and a number of others settlements. The city of Zhanbei was liberated, and on August 19-21, the fortifications at the Kalgan Pass, which were of strategic importance, were taken. The troops of Mongolia, thus, participated together with the Soviet army in the liberation of China from the Japanese invaders. Most Active participation the 7th Motorized Brigade of the MNRA, commanded by the illustrious commander Colonel D. Nantaysuren, a participant in the battles at Khalkhin Gol, and the cavalry regiment of the Hero of the MPR, Colonel L. Dandara, took part in the battles. On September 2, 1945, on board the American battleship Missouri, Japan signed the act of surrender. The Second World War ended with the complete defeat of the Axis countries. After the surrender of Japan, the government of the MPR received a telegram of gratitude from the leadership of the Soviet Union. By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 8, 1945, 21 generals and officers of the MNRA were awarded orders of the Soviet Union. The Commander-in-Chief of the MNRA Marshal Kh. Choibalsan was awarded the order Suvorov, I degree, head of the political department of the MNRA, Lieutenant-General Yu. Tsedenbal - with the Order of Kutuzov, I degree, deputy commander of the cavalry-mechanized group, Lieutenant-General Zh. Lkhagvasuren - with the Order of Suvorov, II degree.
The main result of the victory in World War II for Mongolia was official recognition her independence. Indeed, until 1945, China considered Mongolia - both Outer and Inner - to be its territory. After the Soviet and Mongolian troops successfully defeated the Japanese troops in the territory of Inner Mongolia, there was a threat of the reunification of the two Mongolian territories. To prevent it, the Chinese government agreed to holding a referendum on the state sovereignty of Mongolia, which was held on October 20, 1945. 99.99% of the Mongols were in favor of the country's independence. After the creation of the People's Republic of China, on October 6, 1949, the PRC and the MPR officially recognized each other as sovereign states.
The memory of the military commonwealth of the Soviet and Mongolian peoples is preserved up to the present. For a long time, meetings were organized between veterans of the Revolutionary Mongolia tank column and the Mongolian Arat aviation squadron. On May 9, 2015, on the day of the seventieth anniversary of the Great Victory, a Mongolian delegation headed by the current president of the country, Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, visited Moscow. The parade was attended by 80 Mongolian military personnel who were trained under the guidance of Colonel G. Saikhanbayar, Chairman of the Policy and Strategy Planning Department of the Ministry of Defense of Mongolia. Mongolian President Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj congratulated the Russian people on the 70th anniversary of the victory over Nazi Germany. According to Russian President Vladimir Putin, this is natural, since Mongolia throughout the Great Patriotic War really supported the Soviet Union in the fight against fascist aggression.
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The victory over fascism in World War II has a huge historical meaning. countries anti Hitler's coalition crushed the aggressors both in Europe and in the Asia-Pacific region. As a result, Germany, Japan and their allies suffered a complete defeat. This became possible thanks to the heroism and selflessness of the peoples of the Soviet Union, for whom this war became the Great Patriotic War, in alliance with the peoples of other states.
Great importance here belongs to the assistance rendered to our country by Great Britain and the United States. This is the opening of a second front, as well as military supplies under Lend-Lease from these states.
The Lend-Lease Act was approved by the US Congress on March 11, 1941. According to this document, the head of the American state had the authority to transfer military equipment, weapons, ammunition, equipment, strategic raw materials, food, etc. on loan or lease to the government of any country whose defense is recognized as vital to US security. At the same time, it was provided that all of the above, which was destroyed and consumed during the war, was not subject to any payment.
Due to the occupation of a significant part European territory USSR and the exclusion of many hundreds of enterprises from the national economy, as well as heavy losses, including in equipment, that the Red Army suffered at the beginning of World War II, Lend-Lease supplies were vital. At the beginning of the war, production in the most important sectors of the Soviet economy was reduced from 30 to 70%. Therefore, until the summer of 1942, while it was being restructured for the production of military products, tank, aviation and other defense enterprises worked mainly on American raw materials and components.
A huge role was also played by food supplies, which were important not only for supplying the army. Thus, 10 thousand tons of Canadian wheat were delivered to Leningrad and the cities of the Far North.
The supply of the USSR was carried out along three main routes: the Northern, Pacific and through Iran. northern route was the shortest, but also the most dangerous. In total, during the war years, 41 convoys, including more than 800 transport ships, arrived in the northern ports of the USSR under the protection of Soviet, American and British warships. AT reverse direction 35 convoys (715 ships) departed. At the same time, the Germans managed to sink 38 Soviet and 77 allied transports, 17 British warships. More than 4.8 thousand people died. The most stable and productive was the Pacific route, which received about 50% of all cargo delivered under Lend-Lease. In addition, it was created air bridge through Alaska and Siberia along the route "Fairbanks - Nome - Uelkal - Saimgan - Yakutsk - Kirensk - Krasnoyarsk" for the delivery of aircraft from the USA. According to American data, Soviet specialists received almost 8,000 aircraft in Fairbanks. Aircraft also came through Iran, where a Douglas aircraft assembly plant was built in Abadan. Also in Iran, two factories were erected to assemble trucks for the Soviet Union.
Total during 1941-1945. The USSR received under lend-lease cargo worth $11 billion (of which the US share is 96.4%), including 22.1 thousand aircraft, 12.7 thousand tanks, 8 thousand anti-aircraft and 5 thousand anti-tank guns, 132 thousand machine guns, 376 thousand trucks, 51 thousand jeeps, 8 thousand tractors, 35 thousand motorcycles, 472 million shells, 4.5 million tons of food, 2.1 million tons of oil products, 1.2 million tons chemical and explosives, 11 thousand wagons, 2 thousand steam locomotives, 128 transport ships, 3 icebreakers, 281 warships.
Lend-lease deliveries of weapons, strategic materials and food to the Soviet Union during 1941-1945 thus played an important role and to a large extent contributed to the successful completion of the war against Nazi Germany. This is the invaluable help of our allies in the anti-Hitler coalition.
But, nevertheless, the decisive and leading role in the defeat Nazi Germany belongs to the Soviet Union, which took the brunt of the Nazi troops.
However, in last years this role is more and more often not only belittled, but also hushed up. Moreover, in American school textbooks they write that the United States made a decisive contribution, and the USSR only contributed to the victory.
It was on the Soviet-German front that the main battles of World War II took place and the main results were achieved. Throughout the war, an average of up to 70% of divisions operated on the Soviet-German front fascist army. At the same time, the Soviet-German front not only diverted the main forces of the Wehrmacht to itself, but also differed sharply from others in the duration of the armed struggle and tension. Of the 1418 days of its existence, active fighting parties here were fought 1320 days. All other fronts and theaters of military operations were characterized by much less tension.
Even the opening of a second front did not change the significance of the Soviet-German front as the main one in the war. So, in June 1944, 181 German and 58 divisions of Germany's allies acted against the Soviet army, while 81 German division. Before the final campaign of 1945, the Soviet troops had 179 German and 16 divisions of their allies against them, and the American-British troops - 107 German divisions.
On the Soviet-German front, the German armed forces lost 10 million (or more than 73%) killed, wounded and captured out of 13.6 million total losses for the war. The main part (about 75%) was also destroyed here. military equipment Wehrmacht. These are over 70 thousand aircraft, about 50 thousand tanks and assault guns, 167 thousand artillery pieces, more than 2.5 thousand warships, transports and auxiliary vessels. In total, the Soviet Armed Forces destroyed 507 Nazi divisions and 100 divisions of its allies - almost 3.5 times more than on all other fronts of World War II.
Thus, it was the Soviet Union that defeated the most powerful army peace and won the Great Patriotic War. Consequently, it is unacceptable to belittle, and even more so to hush up the role and those achievements of the USSR, thanks to which the peoples of Europe were delivered from fascism.
World War II 1939-1945 - the largest war in the history of mankind, unleashed by Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy and militaristic Japan. 61 states (more than 80% of the world's population) were drawn into the war, military operations were conducted on the territory of 40 states.
In 1941, when the Nazis attacked the USSR, Great Britain was already at war with Germany, and the contradictions between the USA, Germany and Japan were on the verge of an armed conflict.
Immediately after the German attack on the USSR, the governments of Great Britain (June 22) and the United States (June 24) supported the Soviet Union in its fight against fascism.
On July 12, 1941, a Soviet-English agreement was signed in Moscow on joint actions against Germany and its allies, which served as the beginning of the formation of the anti-Hitler coalition.
On July 18, 1941, the government of the USSR signed an agreement with the government of Czechoslovakia, and on July 30 with the government of Poland on a joint fight against a common enemy. Since the territory of these countries was occupied by Nazi Germany, their governments were located in London (Great Britain).
On August 2, 1941, a military-economic agreement was concluded with the United States. At the Moscow meeting, held September 29-October 1, 1941, the USSR, Great Britain and the USA considered the issue of mutual military supplies and signed the first protocol on them.
December 7, 1941 Japan surprise attack on the American military base Pearl Harbor in the Pacific unleashed a war against the United States. On December 8, the United States, Great Britain and a number of other states declared war on Japan; On December 11, Nazi Germany and Italy declared war on the United States.
At the end of 1941, the following were at war with the aggressor bloc: Australia, Albania, Belgium, Great Britain, Haiti, Guatemala, Honduras, Greece, Denmark, the Dominican Republic, India, Canada, China, Costa Rica, Cuba, Luxembourg, Mongolian People's Republic, Netherlands, Nicaragua, New Zealand, Norway, Panama, Poland, El Salvador, USSR, USA, Philippines, France, Czechoslovakia, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Yugoslavia, Union of South Africa. In the second half of 1942, during the war against fascist bloc Brazil and Mexico entered, in 1943 - Bolivia, Iraq, Iran, Colombia, Chile, in 1944 - Liberia. After February 1945, Argentina, Venezuela, Egypt, Lebanon, Paraguay, Peru, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, and Uruguay joined the anti-Hitler coalition. Italy (in 1943), Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania (in 1944), Finland (in 1945), which were previously part of the aggressive bloc, also declared war on the countries of the Nazi coalition. By the time hostilities with Japan ended (September 1945), 56 states were at war with the countries of the fascist bloc.
(Military Encyclopedia. Chairman of the Main Editorial Commission S.B. Ivanov. Military Publishing. Moscow. In 8 volumes 2004. ISBN 5 203 01875 - 8)
Contribution selected countries in achieving the goals of the anti-Hitler coalition was different. The USA, Great Britain, France and China participated with their armed forces in the struggle against the countries of the fascist bloc. Separate formations of some other countries of Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, India, Canada, the Philippines, Ethiopia, and others also took part in hostilities. anti-Hitler coalition(for example, Mexico) helped its main participants mainly with the supply of military raw materials.
The United States and Great Britain made a significant contribution to achieving victory over a common enemy.
On June 11, 1942, the USSR and the USA signed an agreement on mutual supplies under Lend-Lease, i.e. lending of military equipment, weapons, ammunition, equipment, strategic raw materials and food.
The first deliveries arrived back in 1941, but the bulk of the deliveries came in 1943-1944.
According to American official data, at the end of September 1945, 14,795 aircraft, 7,056 tanks, 8,218 anti-aircraft guns, and 131,600 machine guns were sent from the USA to the USSR; 1188 tanks were delivered from Canada, which has been directly involved in providing assistance to the USSR since the summer of 1943. In general, US military supplies during the war years amounted to 4% of the military production of the USSR. In addition to weapons, the USSR received cars, tractors, motorcycles, ships, locomotives, wagons, food and other goods from the USA under Lend-Lease. The Soviet Union supplied the USA with 300,000 tons of chrome ore, 32,000 tons of manganese ore, a significant amount of platinum, gold, and timber.
Some of the American cargo (about 1 million tons) did not reach the Soviet Union, because it was destroyed by the enemy in the process of transportation.
There were about ten routes for the delivery of goods under Lend-Lease to the USSR. Many of them took place in areas of intense hostilities, which required great courage and heroism from those who provided supplies.
Main routes: across the Pacific Ocean through the Far East - 47.1% of all cargo; across the North Atlantic, bypassing Scandinavia - to Murmansk and Arkhangelsk - 22.6%; through South Atlantic, the Persian Gulf and Iran - 23.8%; through the ports of the Black Sea 3.9% and through the Arctic 2.6%. Aircraft moved by sea and independently (up to 80%) through Alaska - Chukotka.
Help from the allies was not only under the Lend-Lease program. In the United States, in particular, the “Committee for Assistance to Russians in the War” (Russia War Relief) was created, which during the war collected and sent goods worth more than one and a half billion dollars to the USSR. In England, a similar committee was chaired by Clementine Churchill, the Prime Minister's wife.
In 1942, an agreement was reached between the USSR, Great Britain and the USA to open a second front in Western Europe. In June 1944, this agreement was implemented - an Anglo-American landing force landed in Normandy (northwest France), a second front was opened. This made it possible to withdraw about 560,000 German troops from the eastern front and contributed to the acceleration of the final defeat of fascist Germany, which was now forced to fight on two fronts.
Material prepared on the basis of open sources
The Great Patriotic War began on June 22, 1941 - the day when the Nazi invaders and their allies invaded the territory of the USSR. It lasted four years and became the final stage of the Second World War. In total, about 34,000,000 Soviet soldiers took part in it, more than half of which died.
Causes of the Great Patriotic War
The main reason for the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War was the desire of Adolf Hitler to lead Germany to world domination by capturing other countries and establishing a racially pure state. Therefore, on September 1, 1939, Hitler invaded Poland, then Czechoslovakia, initiating World War II and conquering more and more territories. The successes and victories of Nazi Germany forced Hitler to violate the non-aggression pact concluded on August 23, 1939 between Germany and the USSR. They developed special operation under the name "Barbarossa", which meant the capture of the Soviet Union in short time. Thus began the Great Patriotic War. It went through three stages.
Stages of the Great Patriotic War
Stage 1: June 22, 1941 - November 18, 1942
The Germans captured Lithuania, Latvia, Ukraine, Estonia, Belarus and Moldova. The troops moved inland to capture Leningrad, Rostov-on-Don and Novgorod, but main goal fascists was Moscow. At this time, the USSR suffered heavy losses, thousands of people were taken prisoner. September 8, 1941 began military blockade Leningrad, which lasted 872 days. As a result, the Soviet troops were able to stop the German offensive. The Barbarossa plan failed.
Stage 2: 1942-1943
During this period, the USSR continued to increase military power, growing industry, defense. Thanks to the incredible efforts Soviet troops front line was pushed back - to the west. The central event of this period was the greatest in history Battle of Stalingrad(July 17, 1942 - February 2, 1943). The goal of the Germans was to capture Stalingrad, the big bend of the Don and the Volgodonsk isthmus. During the battle, more than 50 armies, corps and divisions of enemies were destroyed, about 2 thousand tanks, 3 thousand aircraft and 70 thousand vehicles were destroyed, the german aviation. The victory of the USSR in this battle had significant influence on the course of further military events.
Stage 3: 1943-1945
From defense, the Red Army gradually goes over to the offensive, moving towards Berlin. Several campaigns aimed at destroying the enemy were implemented. flares up guerrilla war, during which 6200 partisan detachments are formed, trying to fight the enemy on their own. The partisans used all means at hand, down to clubs and boiling water, set up ambushes and traps. At this time there are battles for Right-Bank Ukraine, Berlin. The Belarusian, Baltic, and Budapest operations were developed and put into action. As a result, on May 8, 1945, Germany officially recognized defeat.
Thus, the victory of the Soviet Union in the Great Patriotic War was actually the end of the Second World War. rout german army put an end to Hitler's desire to gain dominance over the world, universal slavery. However, the victory in the war came at a heavy price. Millions of people died in the struggle for the Motherland, cities, villages and villages were destroyed. All the last funds went to the front, so people lived in poverty and hunger. Every year on May 9, we celebrate the day of the Great Victory over fascism, we are proud of our soldiers for giving life to future generations, providing a bright future. At the same time, the victory was able to consolidate the influence of the USSR on the world stage and turn it into a superpower.
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The Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) is the most terrible and bloody war in the entire history of the USSR. This war was between two powers, the mighty power of the USSR and Germany. In a fierce battle, for five years, the USSR nevertheless won worthy of its opponent. Germany, when attacking the alliance, hoped to quickly capture the entire country, but they did not expect how powerful and selenium Slavic people. What did this war lead to? To begin with, we will analyze a number of reasons, because of what it all started?
After the First World War, Germany was greatly weakened, a severe crisis overcame the country. But at this time, Hitler came to power and introduced a large number of reforms and changes, thanks to which the country began to prosper, and people showed their trust in him. When he became the ruler, he pursued such a policy in which he informed the people that the nation of Germans was the most excellent in the world. Hitler was ignited by the idea of revenging for the First World War, for that terrible lose, he had the idea to subjugate the whole world. He began with the Czech Republic and Poland, which later grew into the Second World War
We all remember very well from history books that until 1941 a non-aggression treaty was signed between the two countries of Germany and the USSR. But Hitler still attacked. The Germans developed a plan called "Barbarossa". It clearly stated that Germany should capture the USSR in 2 months. He believed that if he had at his disposal all the strength and power of the country, then he would be able to go to war with the United States with fearlessness.
The war began so quickly, the USSR was not ready, but Hitler did not get what he wanted and expected. Our army put up a lot of resistance, the Germans did not expect to see such a strong opponent in front of them. And the war dragged on for a long 5 years.
Now we will analyze the main periods during the entire war.
The initial stage of the war is June 22, 1941 to November 18, 1942. During this time, the Germans captured most countries, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus also got here. Further, the Germans already had Moscow and Leningrad in front of their eyes. And they almost succeeded, but the Russian soldiers turned out to be stronger than them and did not allow this city to be captured.
Unfortunately, they captured Leningrad, but what is most surprising, the people living there did not let the invaders into the city itself. There were battles for these cities until the end of 1942.
The end of 1943, the beginning of 1943, was very difficult for German troops and at the same time happy for the Russians. Soviet army launched a counteroffensive, the Russians began to slowly but surely retake their territory, and the invaders and their allies slowly retreated to the west. Some of the allies were destroyed on the spot.
Everyone remembers very well how the entire industry of the Soviet Union switched to the production of military supplies, thanks to which they were able to repulse the enemies. The retreating army turned into attackers.
The final. 1943 to 1945 Soviet soldiers gathered all her strength and began to reconquer her territory at a fast pace. All forces were directed towards the invaders, namely to Berlin. At this time, Leningrad was liberated, and other previously captured countries were recaptured. The Russians resolutely marched on Germany.
The last stage (1943-1945). At this time, the USSR began to take away its lands bit by bit and move towards the invaders. Russian soldiers retook Leningrad and other cities, then they proceeded to the very heart of Germany - Berlin.
On May 8, 1945, the USSR entered Berlin, the Germans announced their surrender. Their ruler could not stand it and independently left for the next world.
And now the worst part of the war. How many people died so that we would now live in the world and enjoy every day.
In fact, history is silent about these scary numbers. The USSR concealed for a long time, then the number of people. The government hid data from the people. And people then understood how many died, how many were taken prisoner, and how many missing people to this day. But after a while, the data nevertheless surfaced. According to official sources, up to 10 million soldiers died in this war, and about 3 million more were in German captivity. These are terrible numbers. And how many children, old people, women died. The Germans mercilessly shot everyone.
It was a terrible war, unfortunately it brought a lot of tears to families, there was devastation in the country for a long time, but slowly the USSR got on its feet, post-war actions subsided, but did not subside in the hearts of people. In the hearts of mothers who did not wait for their sons from the front. Wives who were left widows with children. But what a strong Slavic people, even after such a war, he rose from his knees. Then the whole world knew how strong the state was and how strong in spirit people lived there.
Thanks to the veterans who protected us when they were very young. Unfortunately, on this moment there are only a few of them left, but we will never forget their feat.
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