- formed by Decree of the President of Russia V.V. Putin dated May 13, 2000 No. 849, the composition of the Southern Federal District was changed on January 19, 2010 in accordance with Decree of the President of Russia D.A. Medvedev No. 82 "On Amendments to the List of Federal Districts approved Decree of the President Russian Federation dated May 13, 2000 No. 849, and in the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 12, 2008 No. 724 "Issues of the system and structure federal bodies executive power".
From the moment of formation on May 13, 2000, the district was called "North Caucasian", by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1149 of June 21, 2000 - it was renamed into "Southern".

Southern federal district is located in the southern part of the European part of Russia, in the lower reaches of the Volga River. The center of the Southern Federal District is the city of Rostov-on-Don.

Southern Federal District (SFD), consisting of 13 subjects of the Federation, has a number of striking distinctive features. The regions of the Southern Federal District are included in the North Caucasian and Volga economic regions. It is located between three seas - Black, Azov and Caspian, has favorable natural and climatic conditions. His natural areas- steppe (plain), foothill and mountain, picturesque relief contribute to the development of resort and recreational business, large agro-industrial and industrial complexes. The Southern Federal District has a multinational composition. The district is located in the southern part of the country and occupies smallest area among the federal districts of Russia.

The climate of the Southern Federal District is diverse. Big influence on the temperature regime exerts the Black Sea, especially on the areas adjacent to it. Most the territory of the Southern Federal District is occupied by the steppe zone, located from its northern borders. The climate of the dry steppe and more humid foothill zones is favorable for the population and agriculture due to the long growing season, which lasts here for 170-190 days. In the steppe and foothill zones, chernozem and chestnut soils predominate, which, despite being susceptible to wind and water erosion, have retained exceptional fertility potential.
The natural resource potential predetermined the main macroeconomic functions universal for all subjects of the Southern Federal District: the production and processing of agricultural products.
The Southern Federal District ranks first in Russia in terms of the extraction of mineral waters, the second - in the extraction of tungsten raw materials, the third - in the extraction of cement raw materials, and raw materials for building materials and underground drinking water.
There are a lot of various minerals in the bowels of the district. Fuel and energy resources are represented by oil, natural gas, coal. Significant resources of non-ferrous and rare metals. Within the district there are unique deposits of tungsten-molybdenum ores.
The Southern Federal District is among the poorest forest resources regions of the Russian Federation. But here all the beech forests of Russia are concentrated, as well as a significant part of such valuable tree species as oak, hornbeam, ash.
The specifics of natural and historical conditions defines the existing distinctive features economy of the Southern Federal District. In it, the branches of market specialization are in industry - fuel (coal, gas), non-ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering, food industry and petrochemistry, agriculture- cultivation of grain, sugar beet, sunflower, vegetable growing, meat and dairy cattle breeding, sheep breeding. The Okrug has a unique resort and recreational complex. The metallurgical complex of the Southern Federal District includes enterprises of both ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy. In terms of coal production (Donbass), the district is in third place after the Siberian and Far Eastern regions. But the main prospects economic development region are associated precisely with the extraction and production of "black gold".
The economic situation in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation that are part of the Southern Federal District is generally worse than the average Russian level. The main industrial potential of the Southern Federal District is concentrated in the Rostov and Volgograd regions and in the Krasnodar Territory.
The electric power industry of the region is represented by three types of power plants - thermal, hydraulic and nuclear.
Of the branches of the non-productive sphere, the resort economy has all-Russian significance in the Southern Federal District.

Southern Federal District. The district includes 8 subjects of the Russian Federation: the Republic of Adygea, Kalmykia; Crimea, Krasnodar Territory; Astrakhan, Volgograd, Rostov region, Sevastopol. The Southern Federal District includes 3 republics, 3 regions, 1 territory and 1 city federal significance. Its area is 447,821 sq. km.
There are 21 cities with a population of more than 100 thousand people in the Southern Federal District. List of ten largest cities: Rostov-on-Don, Volgograd, Krasnodar, Astrakhan, Sevastopol, Sochi, Simferopol, Volzhsky, Novorossiysk, Taganrog.
Administrative center Southern Federal District - Rostov-on-Don

Maykop administrative center
- Administrative center of Elista
- Administrative center of Krasnodar
- Administrative center of Astrakhan
- The administrative center of Volgograd
- The administrative center of Rostov-on-Don
Republic of Crimea - The administrative center of Simferopol
Sevastopol

Notes: By decree of the President of Russia V.V. Putin dated July 28, 2016 No. 375, the Crimean Federal District was abolished, and its constituent entities - the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol - were included in the Southern Federal District.

Cities of the Southern Federal District.

Cities in the Republic of Adygea: Maykop, Adygeysk. The administrative center of the federal district is the city Maykop.

Cities in the Republic of Kalmykia: Gorodovikovsk, Lagan. The administrative center of the federal district is the city Elista.

Cities in the Krasnodar Territory: Abinsk, Anapa, Apsheronsk, Armavir, Belorechensk, Gelendzhik, Hot Key, Gulkevichi, Yeysk, Korenovsk, Kropotkin, Krymsk, Kurganinsk, Labinsk, Novokubansk, Novorossiysk, Primorsko-Akhtarsk, Slavyansk-on-Kuban, Sochi, Temryuk, Timashevsk, Tikhoretsk , Tuapse, Ust-Labinsk, Khadyzhensk.

Cities in Astrakhan region: Akhtubinsk, Znamensk, Kamyzyak, Narimanov, Kharabali. The administrative center of the federal district is the city Astrakhan.

The Southern Federal District was formed in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 13, 2000 No. 849.

The Southern Federal District includes 13 constituent entities of the Russian Federation: the Republic of Adygea (Adygea), the Republic of Dagestan, the Republic of Ingushetia, the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, the Republic of Kalmykia, the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, the Republic of North Ossetia- Alanya, Chechen Republic, Krasnodar Territory, Stavropol Territory, Astrakhan, Volgograd, Rostov Regions. The center of the Southern Federal District is the city of Rostov-on-Don (population as of 01.01.2007 - 1.1 million people).

The area of ​​the Southern Federal District is 591.3 thousand km2 (3.5% of the area of ​​the territory of Russia), the population is 22.8 million people. (15.8% of the country's population). The share of the urban population is only 57.5%. By share rural population The Southern Federal District occupies a leading position in Russia. In terms of population density, the district ranks second among the federal districts - 36.4 people. per km2.

The largest cities of the Southern Federal District are Rostov-on-Don, Krasnodar, Astrakhan, Stavropol, Sochi, Makhachkala, Vladikavkaz. The number of other cities does not exceed 300,000 people. In total, there are 132 cities in the district.

The possibility of discovering large reserves of oil and gas is available in the Caspian Sea.

The Southern Federal District is the most important supplier of agricultural products to Russia. Grain, sugar beets, fruits, vegetables, grapes, gourds, fish, products are exported outside the district.

The electric power industry plays a primary role in the economy of the Southern Federal District. Thermal (Krasnodar, Grozny, Novocherkassk, Nevinnomyssk) and hydroelectric power stations (Tsimlyanskaya, Gizeldonskaya, Baksanskaya, Chirkeyskaya, Irganaiskaya, etc.) have been built in many districts. The Southern Federal District has a developed oil and gas industry. Wherein oil industry is the oldest in the region. On its basis develops chemical industry. Branches of specialization are also ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, agricultural engineering and production of drilling equipment. The sectors of specialization of the Southern Federal District also include the resort industry of the North Caucasus.

The main industrial potential of the Southern Federal District is concentrated in the Rostov and Volgograd regions and in the Krasnodar Territory. The specialization of the Rostov region is heavy industry: ferrous (metal powder, steel pipes) and non-ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering (grain harvesters, electric locomotives, steam boilers, equipment for nuclear power plants, forging machines), coal mining industry. Important role plays the food industry (meat and dairy, oil and fat, confectionery, tobacco, fruit and vegetable canning). In the Volgograd region, the electric power industry, ferrous metallurgy (steel, rolled metal, steel pipes), mechanical engineering, including shipbuilding, chemical and other industries, are developed. backbone of industry Krasnodar Territory are the food industry (wine-making, fruit and vegetable canning, oil milling, meat), mechanical engineering (instrument making, machine tool building, agricultural engineering), oil refining and.

tense social situation in the district is emphasized by the country's lowest level of monetary income of the population and the most high level unemployment. Thanks to the agricultural specialization of the district, here is the lowest cost of the food part of the consumer basket in Russia and the lowest index in Russia consumer prices, although the growth rate of producer prices exceeded the average Russian level.

Introduction

Structure and management Southern region Russia

Production and transport infrastructure Southern region of Russia

The current state of the economy of the southern region of Russia

The main directions and prospects for the development of the southern region of Russia

Conclusion

List of used sources and literature

Introduction

The Southern Region of Russia (Southern Federal District - SFD) is an administrative formation located in the south of the European part of the Russian Federation with an area of ​​416,840 km 2, which is 2.4% of total area Russian Federation. The Southern Federal District was formed in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 13, 2000. The Southern Federal District is a management unit within the administrative framework of the President of the Russian Federation and is headed by him in accordance with the concept of "vertical power". SFD has land borders with Ukraine in the west, with the North Caucasian Federal District and Abkhazia in the south, with the Volga and Central Federal Districts in the north, and water borders with Kazakhstan in the east. The Southern Federal District has access to the seas - in the west, its territories are limited to the Black and Seas of Azov, in the east - the Caspian Sea. In 2010, the North Caucasian Federal District was separated from the SFD. On the territory of the Southern Federal District there are 2 republics (Republic of Adygea and the Republic of Kalmykia), 3 regions (Volgograd, Astrakhan and Rostov regions), 1 region (Krasnodar Territory), 79 cities. The center of the district is the city of Rostov-on-Don. As of June 1, 2013, 13,910,179 people live in the Southern region of Russia, which is 9.7% of the population of the Russian Federation. The population density is 33.04 people/km2 .

The Southern Federal District plays a significant role in the economic development of the country, which is largely determined by its geographic location. This determines its importance in the transport infrastructure and resource base RF and proves the relevance of the research topic.

The purpose of the work is to study the economic development of the Southern Federal District. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to implement the following tasks:

consider the infrastructure and specifics of the management of the Southern Federal District;

assess the current state and economic development of the Southern Federal District;

determine the main directions and prospects for the development of the Southern Federal District.

1. Structure and management of the Southern region of Russia

The Southern Federal District (SFD) is an administrative formation geographically located in the south of the European part of the Russian Federation. Until January 19, 2010, the Southern Federal District (SFD) included 13 constituent entities of the Russian Federation: the republics - Adygea, Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Kalmykia (Khalmg Tangch), Karachay-Cherkessia, North Ossetia - Alania, Chechnya; Stavropol and Krasnodar regions, Astrakhan, Volgograd and Rostov regions. On January 19, 2010, the North Caucasian Federal District was allocated as part of the Southern Federal District.

Currently, there are 2 republics (Republic of Adygea and the Republic of Kalmykia), 3 regions (Volgograd, Astrakhan and Rostov regions), 1 region (Krasnodar Territory), 79 cities on the territory of the Southern Federal District. The center of the district is the city of Rostov-on-Don. major cities SFD are Rostov-on-Don, Volgograd, Krasnodar.

The Southern Federal District is a management unit within the administrative framework of the President of the Russian Federation and is headed by him in accordance with the concept of "vertical power". The plenipotentiary representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Southern Federal District is Ustinov Vladimir Vasilevich.

In accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 24, 2005 N 337 "On Councils under the Plenipotentiary Representatives of the President of the Russian Federation in the Federal Districts", a Council under the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation was organized on the territory of the Southern Federal District. This institute is an advisory body that promotes the implementation of the powers of the head of state to ensure the coordinated functioning and interaction of federal bodies state power and public authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The Council functions in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws, decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation.

The structure of the management apparatus of the Southern Federal District is presented:

Deputies

Structural units: Department for organizational and documentation support; Department of domestic policy; Department of Economic and social policy; Department of law enforcement, defense and security; Department of personnel matters, state awards and public service; Department for Interaction with Federal Authorities; Control Department;

Chief Federal Inspectors.

2. Production and transport infrastructure of the Southern region of Russia

The economic and geographical position of the Southern Federal District determines its significance on a national scale. The specialization of the Southern region of Russia is also determined by its territorial position. Availability water resources and length in southern latitudes make this region favorable for the development of agriculture and recreation. The soils of the Southern Federal District are highly fertile, and chernozems and alluvial soils occupy more than half of the territory.

The Southern Federal District has access to the seas - in the west its territory is limited to the Black and Azov Seas, in the east - to the Caspian Sea. The Azov-Black Sea basin opens an outlet through the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles to the Mediterranean Sea and the World Ocean. The territory of the Southern Federal District occupies the lower reaches of such largest rivers like the Don and the Volga. This location makes it possible to carry out the largest sea transportation of goods and maintain regular economic ties, since the named seas do not freeze.

The territory of the Southern region is rich in fuel and energy resources, represented by natural gas, oil and coal. Experts, evaluating the hydrocarbon reserves of the Caspian Basin, put it in third place in the world. by the most large deposit gas is Astrakhan, smaller - Maikop and Severo-Stavropol. The largest oil reserves are concentrated in the Astrakhan and Volgograd regions, as well as in the Krasnodar Territory. Coal resources are located in the eastern wing of Donbass (Rostov region). Also in the territory of the Southern region of Russia, deposits of non-ferrous and rare metals, lead-zinc ores, mercury, copper and non-metallic minerals (sulfur, barite, rock salt) have been discovered. Stocks of raw materials for the production of building materials are concentrated in Novorossiysk (cement marls) and in the Teberda region (granite, chalk, clay).

Basic industries, in particular heavy industry, form the backbone of the region's economy. Also, on the territory of the Southern Federal District they produce equipment for oil producing enterprises and nuclear power plants, mainline electric locomotives, ships, car trailers, computer science, electrical measuring instruments, etc. The largest industrial centers SFD are Krasnodar, Taganrog and Volgograd.

Branches of market specialization are formed in accordance with the needs of the agro-industrial, machine-building and resort and recreational complexes.

On the territory of the Southern Federal District, crops of grain, rice and corn are widespread, in connection with which this region is the largest supplier of wheat. The production of industrial crops (sugar beet, mustard, sunflower) and subtropical crops (persimmon, tea, citrus fruits, figs) is also developed. The territory of this region accounts for a third of the fruit and berry plantations in Russia. In addition, all the vineyards of Russia are located in the Southern region.

The food industry is also quite developed, in particular enterprises of the sugar, oil and fat, wine, meat, flour and cereals, fish and tobacco industries. Most large enterprises in this area are: the fishery concern "Kaspryba" and the factory of sparkling wines "Abrau-Dyurso". Many regions of the country are supplied with the products of the Adygei and Crimean fruit and vegetable canning plants, the Kropotkin and Krasnodar oil and fat plants and many other enterprises.

In the production of non-food consumer goods, the leading place is occupied by industries focused on the processing of livestock raw materials: Vladikavkaz), the production of washed wool and woolen fabrics, and carpet weaving (Krasnodar, Makhachkala). One of the country's largest cotton fabric factories is located in Kamyshin.

Relatively investment area or attractive investment projects it is necessary to highlight the development of southern industrial centers. In particular, the Volgograd Tractor Plant produces from 2,000 to 3,000 pieces of equipment per year, with an existing production capacity of up to 50,000 tractors. With an increase in the harvest in the subjects of the district from 16.5 million to 30-35 million tons of grain, there will be a need for additional units agricultural machinery, therefore, it is necessary to develop the capacities of the enterprises producing it.

In the Southern region, as unique in terms of bioresources and natural systems territories, tourism and sanitary-resort bases are actively developing. Every year, the resorts of this region receive up to 25 million people. On the territory of the Stavropol Territory and the Black Sea coast, there are SEZs of a tourist and recreational type, designed to provide tourism and health services. SEZ participants receive some benefits - temporary exemption from property and land taxes, low rates for rent, transport and income tax. Priority directions The activities of tourist and recreational SEZs of the Southern region are: ecological tourism, historical and cultural tourism, medical and recreational, active tourism, extreme tourism, hotel business, excursion services, sports and recreational services.

3. Current state of the economy of the Southern region of Russia

The economic space of the Southern region of Russia is built on the principle of a center-periphery organization, which is due to the heterogeneity of the subjects of the region in terms of socio-economic, political and functional features. Peripheral centers of the Southern Federal District for economic development, infrastructure and educational level behind the regional centers.

The Southern Federal District is characterized by a local monopoly, which is due to the low concentration of regional markets. Insufficient market concentration leads to the fact that some firms spontaneously find themselves in a monopoly position. Considering the market for international and long-distance electrical communication it can be established that Rostelecom (founded in 1993), which has a market share of about 68%, has monopoly power. Russian Railways JSC accounts for more than 90% of all cargo transportation in Russia. A number of enterprises can be identified that form the so-called national monopolies. These include oil companies Lukoil and Transneft. In the banking sector, the national monopoly is OAO Sberbank. Its share in the market of private investors is more than 65%. In the market of postal services, the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Post of Russia" has monopoly power. FSUE Russian Post is the operator of the Russian state postal network

Positive phenomena in the agrarian sector of the southern region of Russia are associated with the implementation of the National project "Development agro-industrial complex"and other programs for the development of the agro-industrial complex of federal significance. It should be noted that the small-scale sector, which currently produces the bulk of meat, milk, vegetables and potatoes, needs significant state support. This sector is an real solution problems of growth of employment and incomes of the population. An important role in improving the conditions for the activities of small-scale producers in the countryside can be played by production and consumer, marketing and credit cooperation, the search for effective forms of interaction between enterprises of various sizes.

The development of economic communications is becoming the most important direction reduction of transformation and transaction costs of production and circulation, development of inter-farm cooperation and agro-industrial integration on the principles of a regulated market in the regions of the South. The economic phenomenon of the rural periphery is its pumping with financial resources from the federal budget, as well as intra-family transfers. At the same time, it is on the rural periphery that the risks of a rapid deterioration in the general economic situation are especially significant for various reasons:

resource and environmental;

market and marketing;

administrative and political.

Quality and standard of living economic activity of the population of the rural periphery of the Southern Federal District are limited by the transport and communication accessibility of the main socio-economic centers.

Let's consider the main indicators of the economic development of the Southern region of Russia. According to the results of the first half of 2013, the total turnover of organizations of the Southern Federal District for all types of activities amounted to 3.2 trillion rubles, which is 8.2% more than in the corresponding period previous year. During 2013, 12,859 organizations were registered on the territory of the Southern Federal District, which is 5.74% of all organizations registered in this period on the territory of the Russian Federation. Wherein the largest number organizations 42.65% or 5438 were registered on the territory of the Krasnodar Territory.

According to the results of the 1st quarter of 2013 in the Southern Federal District, profitable organizations account for 64.1% (in Russia as a whole - 63.5%), respectively, the share of unprofitable organizations is 35.9%. Most of the profitable organizations are located on the territory of the Rostov region. Most of the unprofitable organizations are located in the Astrakhan region and the Republic of Adygea.

The accounts payable of organizations in the Southern region of Russia amount to 1,252,599 million rubles. or 5.1% of the total debt in Russia, with 57885 million rubles. is in arrears. The largest accounts payable in the structure of the debt of the Southern Federal District are organizations of the Krasnodar Territory - 555674 million rubles, and the largest overdue accounts payable are accounted for by organizations of the Volgograd Region - 21364 million rubles. Accounts receivable to enterprises of the Southern Federal District is 1179556 million rubles. or 5% of the total debt in Russia.

As of April 1, 2013, the number of small businesses in the Southern region amounted to 17.5 thousand units. , which is 7.4% of total number small businesses in Russia. The number of replaced jobs amounted to 514.7 thousand or 7.7%.

According to data as of April 1, 2013, investments in fixed assets of organizations in the Southern Federal District accounted for 11.5% of the total amount of investments in fixed assets in Russia. At the same time, a large share of 61.9% or 5069.3 million rubles. fell on the organizations of the Krasnodar Territory. Foreign investments amounted to 890490 thousand dollars. (1.5% of the amount of foreign investment in Russia as a whole), of which 523,212 thousand dollars fell on the Rostov region. Structurally, foreign investments of the Southern Federal District consist of direct investments (28.8%), portfolio investments (0.2%) and other investments (71.1%).

Index of industrial production by type economic activity"Mining", "Manufacturing", "Production and distribution of electricity, gas and water" in comparison with the first half of 2012. amounted to 106.8%.

In the first half of 2013, the Southern Federal District had the following shares by type of economic activity from the total results for Russia (Appendix 2): mining - 1.8%; manufacturing industries - 16.7%; production and distribution of electricity, gas and water - 12.5%; agricultural production - 15.2%.

The foreign trade turnover of the Southern Federal District in the first half of 2013 amounted to 3.5% of the foreign trade turnover of Russia, the retail trade turnover - 8.6%, the structure of the balanced financial result of the activities of organizations - 2.6%.

As of the end of June 2013, the number of unemployed labor activity citizens amounted to 454.3 thousand people, which corresponds to 11.2% of total strength citizens registered as unemployed. Largest number unemployed - 152.8 thousand people. registered in the Krasnodar Territory, smallest number- 16.1 thousand people - in the Republic of Adygea.

Average per capita cash income in the Southern Federal District in the first half of 2013 amounted to 18,336.9 rubles. per month, which is 4738.3 rubles. or 20.5% less than in Russia as a whole. The smallest monetary incomes on average per capita per month - 10021.3 rubles. fall on the Republic of Kalmykia, the largest - 19821.1 rubles. - to the Krasnodar Territory. Monthly consumer spending per capita in the Southern Federal District is 15,262.3 rubles, which is 782.6 or 12.7% less than in Russia as a whole.

The consumer price index in the first half of 2013 as a percentage by the end of 2012 amounted to 104.1%, which is 0.6% more than in Russia as a whole. Highest value consumer price index (106.6%) was recorded in the Republic of Kalmykia, the lowest (103.4%) - in the Volgograd region. The producer price index for industrial goods amounted to 99.8%. The index of agricultural production amounted to 95.6%.

Average monthly wage employees of organizations of the Southern Federal District in the first half of 2013 amounted to 21,226.5 rubles, which is 13.4% more than in the first half of 2012. However, the average monthly salary in the Southern Federal District is 7561.1 rubles. or 26.3% less than in Russia as a whole.

4. The main directions and prospects for the development of the southern region of Russia

The development strategy of the Southern Federal District is focused on achieving the main strategic goal, which is a significant and permanent increase in the level and quality of life of the population, primarily on the basis of effective use natural-resource, transport-geographical and socio-demographic potential through the implementation of the scenario of sustainable innovative development.

strategic goal development energy complex district for the period up to 2020 will be to overcome the shortage of electricity by further development, ensuring the reliability and stability of the functioning of the regional energy complex. The formation of a rational structure of generating capacities in the Southern Federal District is supposed to be ensured through the expansion, modernization and new construction of 32 facilities. The strategic goals of the development of the grid sector are: modernization of the power grid complex based on new technologies, increase in efficiency and investment attractiveness energy companies, the implementation of a full range of production and technological operations for the transmission of electricity through distribution networks in the required volume, ensuring high reliability and quality.

The strategic goal is to turn the SFD in the medium term into one of the Russian leaders innovative development, to a region of stability and constructive Russian influence in the Black Sea and Caspian basins, which makes it necessary to create the country's leading food base based on the formation of a national megacluster of the agro-industrial complex; implementation of the Okrug's transit potential through the development of international transport corridors; innovative modernization.

Conclusion

Thus, the Southern Federal District has an outstanding transport and geographical position on the scale of Eurasia, due to the presence of the Volga-Caspian and Trans-Siberian-Black Sea routes. The existing transport and transit potential of the Southern Federal District should become the most important factor development of this macroregion. The Southern Federal District has a fairly powerful industrial and production potential, occupying in some sectors of the agro-industrial complex, agricultural engineering, metallurgy, chemistry and petrochemistry, food industry significant national level positions. This fact activates the positive vector structural development economy. In particular, in terms of the turnover of small enterprises of commodity-producing industries per capita, the Southern Federal District ranks third.

On the territory of the Southern Federal District, a sports and recreational and transport and infrastructure Sochi Olympic complex is being formed. This education became a catalyst for the socio-economic development of the Krasnodar Territory. After completion of work at the Olympic venues, its main production units, represented by labor, construction, technical and technological units, should form economic base development of the infrastructure of international transport corridors throughout the Southern region.

The most significant sectors of the economy of the Southern Federal District, which have an all-Russian and interregional significance, are agro-industrial, tourist and recreational and transport complexes as well as trade.

The potential of many regions of the Southern Federal District is used insufficiently effectively, which is caused by the lack of modern innovative technologies, insufficient concentration of capital, a significant degree of monopolization and a high level of transaction costs in circulation.

List of used sources and literature

southern federal economy trade

1.Kail Ya.Ya. The quality of life of the population in the subjects of the Southern Federal District: a comparative analysis / Kail Ya.Ya., Elipin V.S.//Regional economy, 2013. No. 8, P. 24-31

Materials on the Sub-program "Problems of socio-economic and ethno-political development of the southern macro-region" of the Program fundamental research RAS N24/[ Electronic resource] - Access mode: http://www.ssc-ras.ru/page899.html

Website Federal Service state statistics/[Electronic resource] - Access mode: http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/population (population)

Website of the Federal State Statistics Service / [Electronic resource] - Access mode: http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/publications/catalog/doc_1140086420641 (socio-economic status of federal districts ).

Website Russian agency international information"RIA-Novosti" / [Electronic resource] - Access mode: http://ug.ria.ru/about/okrug.html

Website of the Southern Federal District / [Electronic resource] - Access mode: http://www.ufo.gov.ru/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=27&Itemid=18

Strategy for the socio-economic development of the Southern Federal District for the period up to 2020 dated September 5, 2011 /[Electronic resource] - Access mode: http://www.minregion.ru/upload/documents/2011/09//280911_1538_r.doc

Turkina O.A. Prospects for the socio-economic development of the Southern Federal District / Turkina O.A. / / Society: politics, economics, law, 2012. No. 9, pp. 33-39

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- formed by Decree of the President of Russia V.V. Putin dated May 13, 2000 No. 849, the composition of the Southern Federal District was changed on January 19, 2010 in accordance with Decree of the President of Russia D.A. Medvedev No. 82 "On Amendments to the List of Federal Districts approved Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2000 No. 849, and Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 12, 2008 No. 724 "Issues of the system and structure of federal executive bodies."
From the moment of formation on May 13, 2000, the district was called "North Caucasian", by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1149 of June 21, 2000 - it was renamed into "Southern".

The Southern Federal District is located in the southern part of the European part of Russia, in the lower reaches of the Volga River. The center of the Southern Federal District is the city of Rostov-on-Don.

Southern Federal District (SFD), consisting of 13 subjects of the Federation, has a number of striking distinctive features. The regions of the Southern Federal District are included in the North Caucasian and Volga economic regions. It is located between three seas - Black, Azov and Caspian, has favorable natural and climatic conditions. Its natural zones - steppe (plain), foothill and mountain, picturesque relief contribute to the development of resort and recreational business, large agro-industrial and industrial complexes. The Southern Federal District has a multinational composition. The district is located in the southern part of the country and occupies the smallest area among the federal districts of Russia.

The climate of the Southern Federal District is diverse. The Black Sea has a great influence on the temperature regime, especially in the areas adjacent to it. Most of the territory of the Southern Federal District is occupied by the steppe zone, located from its northern borders. The climate of the dry steppe and more humid foothill zones is favorable for the population and agriculture due to the long growing season, which lasts here for 170-190 days. In the steppe and foothill zones, chernozem and chestnut soils predominate, which, despite being susceptible to wind and water erosion, have retained exceptional fertility potential.
The natural resource potential predetermined the main macroeconomic functions universal for all subjects of the Southern Federal District: the production and processing of agricultural products.
The Southern Federal District ranks first in Russia in the extraction of mineral waters, the second in the extraction of tungsten raw materials, the third in the extraction of cement raw materials, and raw materials for building materials and underground drinking water.
There are a lot of various minerals in the bowels of the district. Fuel and energy resources are represented by oil, natural gas, coal. The resources of ores of non-ferrous and rare metals are significant. Within the district there are unique deposits of tungsten-molybdenum ores.
The Southern Federal District is one of the regions of the Russian Federation that are the least provided with forest resources. But here all the beech forests of Russia are concentrated, as well as a significant part of such valuable tree species as oak, hornbeam, ash.
The specificity of natural and historical conditions determines the established distinctive features of the economy of the Southern Federal District. In it, the branches of market specialization are in industry - fuel (coal, gas), non-ferrous metallurgy, engineering, food industry and petrochemistry, in agriculture - growing grain, sugar beet, sunflower, vegetable growing, meat and dairy cattle breeding, sheep breeding. The Okrug has a unique resort and recreational complex. The metallurgical complex of the Southern Federal District includes enterprises of both ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy. In terms of coal production (Donbass), the district is in third place after the Siberian and Far Eastern regions. But the main prospects for the economic development of the region are connected precisely with the extraction and production of "black gold".
The economic situation in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation that are part of the Southern Federal District is generally worse than the average Russian level. The main industrial potential of the Southern Federal District is concentrated in the Rostov and Volgograd regions and in the Krasnodar Territory.
The electric power industry of the region is represented by three types of power plants - thermal, hydraulic and nuclear.
Of the branches of the non-productive sphere, the resort economy has all-Russian significance in the Southern Federal District.

Southern Federal District. The district includes 8 subjects of the Russian Federation: the Republic of Adygea, Kalmykia; Crimea, Krasnodar Territory; Astrakhan, Volgograd, Rostov regions, Sevastopol. The Southern Federal District includes 3 republics, 3 regions, 1 territory and 1 city of federal significance. Its area is 447,821 sq. km.
There are 21 cities with a population of more than 100 thousand people in the Southern Federal District. List of the ten largest cities: Rostov-on-Don, Volgograd, Krasnodar, Astrakhan, Sevastopol, Sochi, Simferopol, Volzhsky, Novorossiysk, Taganrog.
The administrative center of the Southern Federal District - Rostov-on-Don