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Mankind is striving for the future, trying to predict what lies ahead. But it also looks back to the past to find out how ancient civilizations were born and developed. If traveling to the future is still only a fantasy, then traveling to the past happens every day. In search of secrets and discoveries, archaeologists go back millennia, whose amazing finds not only reveal the secrets of the past, but also give rise to many new questions: who are we, where are we from, what are we? The most famous archaeological discoveries: the excavations of Troy and Pompeii, the Egyptian pyramids and the Lascaux caves, are annually replenished with new finds, no less amazing. Sometimes a new archaeological discovery reveals the mystery and meaning of the previous ones. Let's follow the path we've traveled before...
ancient writings
Rosetta stone
In July 1799, near the village of Rashid (Rosetta), French sappers as part of Napoleon's army, sent on an Egyptian expedition, found a plate with a text written in 3 languages. The text was written in Egyptian hieroglyphs, demotic script and ... on ancient Greek. Thanks to this find, another great discovery became possible - deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphs by Jean Francois Champollion. The Rosetta Stone can be seen in the British Museum in London.
Not important state correspondence or the secrets of ancient inventions, but the usual correspondence of soldiers and their wives on wooden tablets was discovered by archaeologists during excavations of the Roman fort. Vindolanda. And yet, this is one of the famous discoveries, because thanks to these texts it became possible to plunge into ordinary life and the atmosphere of that distant time. 752 tablets with letters have been found, but the search is still ongoing. Thousands of years ago people wrote simple letters...
In 1849, the British archaeologist Austin Henry Layard, in the ruins of a palace on the banks of the Euphrates, found the first part of the most ancient libraries of Nineveh, known as Ashurbanipal Library. Three years later, his assistant, traveler and diplomat Ormuzd Rasam, discovered the second part of the priceless treasure. This is the most ancient state archive the first true civilization in human history. To this day, 25 thousand tablets with cuneiform texts have been preserved, which were collected for 25 years by order of the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal.
The found tablets from the library of Nineveh contain descriptions of rituals, astrological predictions, conspiracies, prophecies, medical and legal tests, and even literary works.
Ancient temples, settlements and entire armies
angkor wat - the temple city, found by the French traveler Henri Mouhot in 1861, was erected at the beginning of the 12th century and is located near ancient capital Khmer angkor thoma. Angkor Wat became not only the grandiose monument of Buddhist art, but also gave the name to an entire era in the history of Cambodia, and its towers became a symbol of the country and adorned the national flag.
Göbekli Tepe - the most ancient temple that has changed many ideas about our past. This is a temple complex on the territory of modern Turkey, which is the oldest known to date (about 12 thousand years). The upright stones are carved with rather complex images of animals, which are considered as an example of early forms of writing.
Any student to the question "who discovered America?" cheerfully report - Christopher Columbus! However, this is not so, because long before the Spaniards, the Vikings arrived on the land of America and this happened five hundred years before the arrival of Columbus. Viking settlement discovered on Newfoundland for a long time was considered a legend set forth in the saga of Eric the Red.
Terracotta Army of Qin Shi Huang, found east of Mount Lishan near the city of Lingtong by peasants digging a well, is one of the greatest and most amazing archaeological finds. An army of 8,000 sculptures was discovered in the tomb of Emperor Shi Huangdi, the ruler of the Qin kingdom, with whom 48 concubines and countless treasures were buried. Among the statues found in the tomb it is impossible to find a single the same face! Details of clothing, weapons and equipment are reproduced with amazing accuracy. The burial area is about 56 sq. km.
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Terracotta Army of Qin Shi Huang |
ancient mummies
Mummy Xin Zhui, a noble rich Chinese woman who died in 168. BC. was discovered in Chinese city Changsha in 1971 Her body was hidden behind 4 sarcophagi and immersed in an unknown yellowish liquid that evaporated immediately after opening. Why is this mummy so amazing? Unlike the famous ancient Egyptian ones, it retained the mobility of the joints and the elasticity of the muscles!
Princess Ukok- the famous princess of Altai - a mummy found in 1993 by the expedition of Natalia Polosmak. The age of the find, discovered in a mound on the Altai plateau Ukok, is more than 2.5 thousand years.
Residents of Altai consider the "princess" to be their ancestor and associate many negative thoughts with her. natural phenomena, attributed by them to the wrath of the princess, whose body was transported to National Museum in Gorno-Altaisk.
Mummy Maiden (girls) – one of the latest finds of archaeologists, was discovered on the slope of the volcano Llullaillaco on the border between Argentina and Chile. Two more child mummies were found with her. All three bodies were not embalmed, but deep frozen!
According to the findings of archaeologists, all of them were sacrificed, as gold, silver, vessels with food and a headdress made of feathers of unknown birds were found next to them.
In Russia, the development of archeology as a scientific branch began in the 18th century. Since then, many archaeological finds have been made: Byzantine bracelets, ancient leather goods, relief tiles, clay toys, treasures, jewelry, axes, knives, bronze daggers, nomadic items, etc.
A large number of historical artifacts have been found by archaeologists in Moscow. A real sensation became a treasure discovered in 1967 during the construction of the northern ramp of the Rossiya Hotel. The builders found an earthenware jar with silver ingots with hallmarks of the 14th-15th centuries.
Archaeologists find ancient artifacts today not only in Moscow and the Moscow region, but also on the Taman Peninsula, in Kerch, as well as in four centers of ancient cultures: on the shores of the Baltic, in Veliky Novgorod, in the center of the North-East of Ancient Russia - Suzdal opolie- and on the territory of the former Bosporan kingdom. Along with objects of Christian culture, archaeologists discover objects related to pagan times. Some finds date back to the first period of the Stone Age, the Paleolithic, which began about 2.5 million years ago.
See in the AiF.ru infographic what interesting finds were found in Russia.
Most famous archaeological finds in Russia
"Archaeology is an exact academic discipline with a touch of gold rush." —Howard Carter opened Tutankhamen's tomb.
Place of detection Description
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Mammoth Dima (Kirgilyakh mammoth)
1977, the mouth of the Kirgilyakh stream, Susumansky district, Magadan region
At a depth of 2 m from the surface of the earth, during the opening of the alleged gold deposit, the body of a baby mammoth 104 cm tall and weighing about 90 kg was discovered. Mammoth lived from 13 to 40 thousand years ago. His skin, entrails and soft tissues are perfectly preserved. He got his "name" Dima from the name of a small stream near which he was found. For the first time, such a find was suitable for research.
Arkaim
1987, on the border of the Bredinsky district and the Kizilsky district Chelyabinsk region
Fortified settlement of the Middle Bronze Age at the turn of III-II millennium BC. e consists of a fortified city, two necropolises and the remains of ancient pastures (pens). The city has two circular walls, one surrounded by the other. Rooms shaped like a circular sector are attached to both annular walls. Between the walls was ring road, straight streets lead from this road to the central square. The city had a storm sewer with water drainage. The monument is distinguished by the unique preservation of defensive structures, the presence of synchronous burial grounds and the integrity of the historical landscape.
Roman legionary helmet
During the laying of the Rostov-Taganrog highway, a helmet was found, as well as the remains of a scabbard, clothes, typical for the vestments and ammunition of a Roman soldier from the times of the Roman Republic. The helmet of the Celtic type was common in the 1st-2nd centuries BC. Archaeologists believe the find is someone's lost treasure, as it was found at an ancient crossroads of trade routes between Europe and Asia. According to another version of archaeologists, a Roman detachment attacked one of these trade caravans, but received a fitting rebuff, and the deceased warrior-commander remained lying for centuries in the Don land.
Birch bark letters
Velikiy Novgorod
Letters - monuments of writing of Ancient Russia of the XI-XV centuries. The first birch bark was found in 1951 in a residential area ancient Novgorod. It was a list scratched on birch bark. feudal duties in favor of some Thomas. Following Novgorod, many documents on birch bark were found in Staraya Russa, Smolensk, Pskov, Vitebsk, Mstislavl and Tver. Birch bark letters helped archaeologists learn about the sphere of human relationships, lifestyle, economic ties between people, as well as existing conflicts.
Mangazeya
Yamal-Nenets autonomous region
Description – Mangazeya is the first Russian polar city XVII in. In 1968, during excavations, archaeologists discovered many items, items made of leather and fabric, the remains of ancient defensive structures and about forty buildings of the most diverse - residential, economic, administrative, commercial and religious - purposes.
Archaeologists have explored approximately 15 thousand m² of territory. During archaeological sites it turned out that the polar city had a division typical for ancient Russian cities into the city itself (the Kremlin) and the settlement.Basilica of medieval Chersonese
modern Sevastopol in Crimea
Discovered in 1935, the 6th-century basilica was a rectangular building divided inside by longitudinal rows of columns. The ruler of Kyiv, Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavovich, accepted the rite of baptism in Chersonese. In which Christian church this happened is unknown. But the most studied Christian monument of medieval Chersonese are the remains of the basilica.
Treasures of the Golden Horde
Outskirts of Simferopol, Crimea
In 1967, on the outskirts of Simferopol, during work on arranging the foundation pit, a large number of gold and silver jewelry with inserts of pearls, emeralds, spinels and other stones, gold coins, headdress jewelry, paiza with the name of Khan Keldibek, which is a gilded silver plate about 30 cm long. In fact, it was a letter of credence that the khan presented to his ambassadors. Treasures were buried in the second half of the XIV century, during the invasion of Timur. According to historians, they were brought from a variety of places: China, Northern India, Iran, Asia Minor, Yemen, the Levant, Venice and Genoa, which indicates the extensive contacts of the Golden Horde.
"Princess Ukok"
Plateau Ukok, Republic of Altai
In 1993, during the excavation of a burial mound on the Ukok plateau, the mummy of a woman was found, which is more than 2.5 thousand years old. The inhabitants of the region called the mummy the Princess of Ukok ( Altai princess, Ochy-bala). The mummy lay on its side with its legs slightly tucked up. She had numerous tattoos on her arms. During excavations, archaeologists discovered that the deck in which the body of the buried was placed was filled with ice. That is why the mummy is well preserved. Analysis of the princess's DNA and skeleton showed her Indo-European origin.
"Varangian guest"
Pskov, st. Soviet
In 2003, during archaeological excavations not far from the chambers of the merchant Podznoev, near the Staro-Voznesensky Monastery, the burial of a noble woman, in a Scandinavian costume and jewelry, who lived about a thousand years ago, was discovered. Silver coins were found in the burial, which were donated by Byzantine emperor Constantine VII to Olga's embassy in 957, Scandinavian costume and jewelry. Archaeologists suggest that the place of her burial was associated with the trade routes, which may have been under the control of a separate Scandinavian settlement.
Denisov man
Altai region, 250 kilometers from the city of Biysk
In 2008, the phalanx of a finger of a 9-year-old girl was found in the Denisova Cave in the Altai Territory. Using DNA analysis, it was possible to establish that the remains belong to a species of people representing a special branch in the evolution of the genus Homo, different from both Neanderthals and modern people. This species is called Denisovan man.
The ruins of the palace of King Mithridates VI Eupator
In 2009, archaeologists discovered a building that was built in the 1st century BC, as well as well-preserved ceramics, wallets with coins. Mithridates the Great became ruler in 113 BC. e. As a result of successful military campaigns, he managed to subdue almost the entire Black Sea coast. He received the Taman peninsula from the Bosporus king from the Spartokid dynasty who had renounced power.
Treasure of the Venets
Bryansk region, in the Desna river valley
In 2010, "black diggers" discovered a treasure, consisting of jewelry created in the third century AD by Slavic jewelers. The hoard includes several sets of bronze jewelry, both for women and men. Among them are head rims, hryvnias, chest chains, brooches (clasps for clothes), bracelets, pendants, glass beads related to 3rd century ad.
15 egg-shaped fossils
With. Wet Olkhovka, Kotovsky district of the Volgograd region
In 2010, after the collapse of the ground during the flood, 15 egg-shaped fossils came to light. Their diameter is 1–1.2 meters. As before, scientists cannot give an unambiguous answer about the nature of this anomaly. Some argue that these are still the eggs of ancient dinosaurs that lived here millions of years ago. Among other versions - the fruits of ancient marine plants, the crash site alien ship or the phenomenon of the release of iron rocks to the surface.
Byzantine temple IX-XI centuries.
With. Merry in Imereti lowland
In 2011, in the southwestern part of the Imeretinskaya lowland in the Olympic development zone, the ruins of a temple built by Byzantine builders from local sandstone were found. It belongs to the “inscribed cross” type common at that time (when the dome on the light drum is supported by four pillars. An iron cross, silver and bronze jewelry: pendants, pins, rings were also found at the excavation site. Studies have shown that the temple belongs to the rarest monuments of Byzantine architecture in Russia.
Phanagoria temple of ancient Greek colonization
Sennoy village, Temryuk district Kuban
Excavations in 2016 Upper city Archaeologists have discovered the oldest - the 5th century BC - an ancient temple on the territory of Russia. The area of the temple is about 14.5 square meters. It was built of mud brick without a foundation. An interesting feature of this Phanagorian temple is the location of a small altar on the left side at the entrance to the temple. Usually the ancient Greeks had altars outside the temples, not far from the entrance.
Archaeological discoveries always remind us of the creative mind of our ancestors. It is also a great chance to travel back in time and learn more about centuries of history. This tape contains 10 of the most mysterious archaeological discoveries of all time.
The Voynich manuscript is considered one of the most mysterious manuscripts in the world. It was discovered in 1912 in northern Italy. The language and author of the manuscript are still unknown. According to archaeologists, only 240 pages of the manuscript have survived, while a significant part of the pages is missing. Drawings of various herbal plants are the most interesting part of the scripture, not corresponding to any known species plants. The Voynich manuscript is believed to have been written in the 15th century. In addition to the herbal section, it also contains an astronomical, biological, cosmological and pharmaceutical section.
In 1986, during excavations in a cave in New Zealand, a group of archaeologists discovered a bird's claw with the remains of flesh and muscle. Later, scientists confirmed that this is the paw of the wingless bird Moa, which became extinct more than 2000 years ago. The wingless moa was a heavy bird up to 3 meters in height and up to 250 kg in weight. The reason for the disappearance was the ancient people who hunted this species of birds. Found Moa paw preserved in the Museum natural history New Zealand. 
Sacsayhuaman is an ancient Inca fortress located in Machu Picchu, Peru. The construction of this complex structure was begun in 1440 by Emperor Pakakuchi. It took over 100 years to complete the city. The wall is made up of many different types of stone, including blocks of diorite, Yukai limestone, and dark andesite, where each block weighs hundreds of tons. The 600 meter long defensive wall of Sacsayhuaman has a zigzag shape, protecting the famous archeological tower, the temple of the sun and other buildings of the city. 
Nazca lines - an unusual series of geoglyphs in the desert southern Peru. It is one of the most popular popular objects world heritage UNESCO in the country. Ancient mysterious formations are shaped like trapezoids, rectangles, triangles, as well as 70 animals, plants and other geometric shapes. The purpose of creating the Nazca Lines is still unknown. Archaeologists have estimated that the lines were created by the Nazca Indians between 500 BC and 700 AD. It is amazing that these ancient drawings remain intact for 2000 years. Numerous people still believe that these lines were created by aliens for the subsequent return to Earth.
Gobekli Tepe is the oldest archaeological site in the world, located in Turkey. Thanks to this find, we got an idea of the life of the people of the Stone Age about 11,000 years ago. For the construction of buildings, they used huge stone pillars weighing 15 - 22 tons, carved from huge blocks of rocks. During excavations, archaeologists found 200 giant pillars, from which a certain temple of ancient people was built. This discovery has helped archaeologists explore the Neolithic Revolution in detail. 
In 1974, a group of archaeologists in Xi'an, China, excavated, discovering the most outstanding piece of funeral art in the world, the Terracotta Army. They found thousands of clay soldiers buried next to the tomb of China's first emperor, Qin Shi Huang. Clay soldiers were buried with him for protection from various forces after death. Age of this ancient complex is approximately 2200 years old. Along with the sculptures, various weapons were also found. The complex consists of 4 main pits, three of which are occupied terracotta army and weapons, and the fourth remains empty. Most of the tomb of the Emperor still remains unexcavated. 
The Moai statues on Easter Island are one of the most mysterious archaeological discoveries ever made. These statues are the main attraction on Easter Island - one of the most remote islands in Chile. Moai statues were carved by the ancient people of Rapa Nui between 1300 and 1500 AD. In total, 288 statues were found located in various parts Islands. The height of Moai reaches 4 meters, and the whole - 80 tons. Rapa Nui people used rocks extinct volcano while creating your creations. Researchers have also found that some of the statues have legs that are below ground level. 
Stonehenge is a 5,000-year-old prehistoric monument located in the English city of Salisbury. This monument was made up of many small and large stone blocks. The largest of the sandstone boulders reaches a height of 10 meters and weighs about 25 tons. The actual purpose of construction and the purpose of Stonehenge is still unknown. Stonehenge was built between 3000 and 2000 BC. Neolithic builders brought huge stones from the hills of Preseli, more than 200 kilometers from this mysterious monument. Some 240 people are believed to be buried in the Stonehenge area.
Pyramids are the most outstanding ancient structures ever seen on Earth. Even though many civilizations have built their own pyramids, the Egyptian pyramids stand alone on this list. The Pyramid of Cheops is on the list of the greatest wonders ancient world. Researchers believe that the Egyptians were building pyramids in 2700 BC, mainly as tombs for royal mummies. Pyramid of Cheops - the oldest and most high pyramid Egypt over 150 meters high. It took almost 20 years and millions of limestone blocks to complete its construction. In addition to mummies, valuable treasures with preserved bodies were kept inside the Egyptian pyramids, and the walls were decorated with beautiful paintings and statues.
The Lost City of Atlantis is probably the most mysterious place that archaeological disputes are still underway. Plato in 360 BC put forward the first assumption about the City of Atlantis, destroyed ocean waves. The researchers believed that a strong Tsunami hit the city in the 10th millennium BC, sinking it to the bottom of the ocean. But the actual truth about Atlantis is still unknown, as one of the greatest unrevealed secrets in the world. Ancient historians claimed that Atlantis was built by the god of the sea Poseidon and occupied vast territory. Researchers have not determined the actual location of this city due to the colossal size and great depth of the Atlantic Ocean. 
If you want to get acquainted not only with these interesting facts, but also by others I suggest going to the site "Hero of Runet" - here and great amount incredible facts about our world, and the most funny stories from the life of both the inhabitants of our planet, and about itself.
Archaeological discoveries never cease to shock us.
Sometimes the finds are so fantastic that they cause many years of controversy among scientists and acquire an ambiguous assessment.
1 Rosetta Stone
The Rosetta Stone is a stone slab. Usually it is taller in size than wider. In ancient Egypt, the plates were popular as ritual signs to the deceased.
2. Dead Sea Scrolls
For several years, historians believed in the existence of biblical and non-biblical documents concerning the ancient Jewish sect of the Essenes. Concrete evidence emerged in the 1950s. The manuscripts are written in Hebrew, Greek and Aramaic.
The fury of Mount Vesuvius buried the ancient Roman city of Pompeii in 79 AD. e. Volcanic eruption was so powerful that over time, memories of the city were erased from public consciousness, like the city itself.
Altamira was discovered by amateur archaeologist Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola. Genuine Paleolithic art was born in the cave.
"Gold ... Everywhere the glitter of gold ... I was amazed and numb with amazement," these are the words of Howard Carter, the man who discovered the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamen.
One of the oldest man-made human figurines depicts an obese woman with full, saggy breasts. The figurine symbolizes fertility, pregnancy and the roundness of the female figure. The statue is approximately 26,000 years old.
7. City of Knossos
archaeological site bronze age at Knossos was an important moment in the restoration of Greek civilization almost 3500-4000 years ago. The city built around the city of Crete reflects references to ancient Roman texts and coins.
When this mechanism was discovered in 1901 among the usual shipwrecks off the coast of Greece, it did not seem important. Today, however, he is considered the father of modern computing devices.
Pilate's Stone is possibly the first reliable evidence for the biblical reference to Pontius Pilate. Discovered in the region of Caesarea (Judea), the stone was supposedly used as material for a staircase built in the 4th century. n. e.
10. Olduvai Gorge
Oldulvay Gorge may be one of the oldest known human creations. It was inhabited primitive people millions of years ago and contains hunting tools and items.
While the oldest Egyptian pyramids dates from about 2670 BC. e., the megalithic temples of Hagar-Kim (Malta) anticipate it by almost 600-1000 years.
The funeral army of Qin Shi Huang, China's first emperor, includes a massive collection of terracotta statues. It was created as a tribute to one of the most influential historical figures.
13. Tomb of Philip II of Macedon
In 1977, an expert in Greek archeology, Manolis Andronix, announced the discovery of the burial place of the Macedonian kings in Vergina (Northern Greece). Later, in 1990, tombs were also found. One of the graves belongs to Philip II, the father of Alexander the Great.
In July 2009, in the village of Hammerwich in Lichfield (Staffordshire, UK), a collection of gold, silver and metal objects from the collection of the Anglo-Saxon era of the 7th-8th centuries was found.
The jars found from the Parthian era during the Sassanid period (I-III centuries AD) have a cylindrical iron shell with a copper peak enclosed inside. The electrochemical steam in the jars generated voltage potential.
The Roman dodecahedron is a small hollow object with twelve flat pentagonal faces, each containing a round hole of different diameters. Approximately the object dates back to the II and III centuries. n. e. Its purpose is still unclear.
Early signs of the use of tetracycline are found in bones dug up in Nubia (Sudan). Tetracycline-producing yeast may have been an ingredient in ancient Nubian alcoholic beverages.
Sharp spearheads found in South Africa. They have been made for almost 200,000 years. This made it necessary to attribute the history of human hunting to an earlier period.
19. Ancient Chemical Warfare
In 1933, Robert du Mesnil du Buisson revealed a startling archaeological fact. The excavation contained the remains of 19 Roman soldiers and several Persian warriors. The Persians set a trap for the hordes of the Romans - the enemy was met with sulfur fumes.
Located in Costa Rica, perfectly round spheres were carved from stone. They date back to 600-1000 BC. n. e. Banana plantation workers discovered the bizarre figures in the 1930s.
Sanxingdui (China) contains artifacts from the Bronze Age (c. 2800-800 BC). The finds are recognized as one of the most important due to their huge size and long period existence.
22. Rapa Nui
Better known as Easter Island, it lies thousands of miles off the Chilean coast in the South Pacific. However, the most incomprehensible thing is not how people found it and mastered it, but the fact that the inhabitants erected huge stone heads around the island.
Dating back to the early 1500s, this map shows with remarkable accuracy coastlines South America, Europe and Africa. Apparently, it was created by the general and cartographer Piri Reis from fragments of dozens of other maps.
Although the Nazca Lines have been studied by archaeologists for hundreds of years, they are almost impossible to see unless you are directly above them. Geoglyphs in the desert remain a mystery to this day and depict the Inca city of Machu Picchu in Peru.
25. Mount Owen Moa
In 1986, a New Zealand expedition stumbled upon a huge claw in Owen Moa Cave. During excavations and inspection, it was found that the find belongs to a large prehistoric bird.
This mysterious manuscript belongs to the beginning. 15th century Italy. Although most of the pages are filled with herbal recipes, none of the plants correspond to known species, and the language remains illegible.
The ancient settlement was discovered in 1994. It was built about 9000 years ago. The building appeared before the Egyptian pyramids by thousands of years.
The walled complex, located near Cusco, Peru, is part of what used to be the capital of the Inca Empire. Stone slabs adjoin each other so tightly that even a hair cannot slip between them.
Digging railway Dorset workers led to the discovery of a small contingent of Viking warriors buried in the ground. All of them were beheaded. The work is done filigree, and from the front, and not from the back.
30. Tomb of Sunken Skulls
While excavating a dry lake in Motala, Swedish archaeologists came across several skulls. As if nothing surprising, but one of them was stuffed inside with parts of other skulls. Whatever happened 8,000 years ago, the picture looked terrible.
Marcahuasi is a plateau in the Andes, located east of Lima (Peru). In 1952, Daniel Ruzo made a remarkable discovery in this area. He found hundreds of stone figures similar to human faces and animals. Many claim that they were formed by natural erosion.
The Galilean boat is an ancient fishing vessel from the 1st century BC. n. e. (the time of Jesus Christ), discovered in 1986 on the northwestern shore of the Sea of Galilee in Israel. The remains of the ship were found by amateur archaeologists brothers Moshe and Yuval Lufan.
In the summer of 1923 archaeologist Roy Chapman Andrews began his third Asian expedition to the Gobi Desert in Mongolia. One of his team members found a huge skull of an unidentified mammal. Lower jaw the creature was not found. The animal was named Andrewsarhus.
34. Teotihuacan Sacrifice
Although it has been known for many years that the Aztecs performed numerous shocking sacrifices, in 2004 a horrific discovery was made outside of present-day Mexico City. Numerous decapitated and mutilated bodies of people and animals shed light on how terrible the rituals were.
While the surest method used to kill a vampire these days is a stake through the heart, hundreds of years ago this was considered insufficient. Ancient alternative - brick through the mouth. The skull was discovered by archaeologists near Venice in a mass grave.
36. Uluburun Shipwreck
The Uluburun shipwreck is a tragic incident of the Late Bronze Age dating back to the 14th century BC. A sunken ship has been discovered in southwestern Turkey. It carried a cargo of nine cultures of the world.
contemplativeMention of archeology began in Ancient Greece. For example, Plato understood this concept as the study of antiquity, and in the Renaissance, he meant the study of the history of Greece and Ancient Rome. In foreign science, this term is associated with anthropology. In Russia, archeology is a science that studies fossil materials that are associated with human activity in ancient times. She studies excavations and this moment cooperates with many scientific branches and has several sections dealing with different eras and cultural areas.
The profession of an archaeologist is a multifaceted and interesting job.
People study the culture and life of ancient civilizations, restoring the distant past from the remains, which are carefully dug up in the layers of the earth. This work requires great care and diligence. Since over time, the remains of the past become more fragile and dilapidated.
An archaeologist is a person who excavates in search of sources for new research. Often this profession is compared with detective work. The work of archaeologists is creative, requiring attention, imagination and abstract thinking- to recreate the original picture of the ancient world in the past.
The profession became popular in Greece and Ancient Rome. Since that time, stone, bronze and iron age, many excavations were carried out and even more ancient architectural monuments. During the Renaissance, the main goal of archaeologists was to find ancient sculptures. How separate science it was formed at the beginning of the 20th century.
What qualities should an archaeologist have?
It is necessary to know the many facts accumulated by scientists in the chosen field for their activities. It can be the Neolithic or Paleolithic, Bronze, early iron, Scythian time, antiquity, maybe Slavic-Russian archeology, etc. The list is not complete and can be continued. An archaeologist is an interesting profession, but it requires the erudition of scientists and the ability to compare various sources.
Such a person should have his own opinion and be able to defend it, argue, relying on logic, and not on emotions. It can be difficult, but it is necessary to abandon your hypotheses if there are facts that refute them. The work of archaeologists requires important qualities- it is patience, diligence, accuracy. They are essential for excavations.
Need good stamina and physical training, since the work of archaeologists is most often associated with excavations that take place in various climatic conditions. Plus, there is no allergy to organic materials. An archaeologist is a person who must be balanced, calm, able to work in a team.
Knowledge required
Professionals must be able to draw, draw, photograph. To master the basics of not only restoration, but also the conservation of metal, stone, clay and organic materials (leather, bone, wood, fabric, etc.). Be sure to need a broad knowledge of anthropology, linguistics, ethnography, geodesy, topography, geology and paleozoology. Those archaeologists who study historical antiquities should have a good knowledge of history and auxiliary disciplines (textology, numismatics, paleography, sphragistics, heraldry, and much more).
Field archaeologists should be economists, good organizers, teachers and psychologists. But most importantly, they must be able to "see the earth", read its layers and layers and correctly compare the found antiquities.
Occupational diseases
People-archaeologists have their own diseases, which they acquire on expeditions. Most often it is gastritis or gastric ulcer, which directly depends on the quality of nutrition, since often normal conditions no cooking. Rheumatism and sciatica are also common, since very often archaeologists have to live in tents with various weather conditions. Because of this, various arthrosis and arthritis occur.
What is the job of an archaeologist?
What do archaeologists do? Not only global excavations, but also separate mosaic fragments that need to be correctly selected and carefully put together. It often happens that it takes many years to unravel the secrets of the past. But the end result is worth it. Since in this way it is possible to recreate the past, which, it would seem, is forever hidden in the bowels of the planet.
What do archaeologists do? They study the sources, analyze them and subsequently supplement them with various already known facts. Research includes not only excavations, but also an office part, when work takes place directly with artifacts and documents. Scientists can work not only on land, but also under water.
The most famous archaeologists
Heinrich Schliemann is a German scientist who discovered Troy. This is one of the first pioneer archaeologists who began to study antiquity. He was born on January 6, 1822. According to the horoscope - Capricorn. Conducted excavations in Syria, Egypt, Palestine, Greece and Turkey. For almost half of his life, Henry tried to show the historical importance of the Homeric epic. He tried to prove that all the events described in the poems are not fantasy, but reality.
Norwegian anthropologist Thor Heyerdahl was born on October 6, 1914. He wrote many books. His expeditions were always bright, filled with heroic events. Many of his works caused controversy among scientists, but it was thanks to Tour that interest in the ancient history of the peoples of the world increased greatly.
There is famous archaeologists and in Russia. He was born in 1908 among them. The sign of the zodiac is Aquarius. This is a well-known Russian historian, orientalist and academician. He explored many monuments of the North Caucasus, Transcaucasia and Central Asia. Already in 1949 he was appointed deputy director of the Hermitage for the scientific part.
Outstanding discoveries
Archaeologists identify the 10 most significant finds in the world that were found during excavations:
Unexplained finds
What do archaeologists find out of the unusual? There are a number of excavated exhibits that are simply impossible to explain logically. The figures of Acambaro alarmed the scientific community. The first was found in Mexico by the German Voldemar Dzhalsrad. The figurines seemed to have ancient origin, but caused a lot of skepticism among scientists.
Dropa stones - echoes ancient civilization. These are hundreds of stone discs found on the floor of the cave, on which stories about spaceships. They were controlled by creatures whose remains were also found in the cave.
Scary finds
In archeology, there are also quite creepy finds. For example, screaming mummies. One of these was tied hand and foot, but a cry froze on her face. There were suggestions that she was buried alive, tortured, poisoned. But studies have shown that the jaw was simply tied up badly or not at all, which is why the mummy's mouth was open.
Archaeologists have also found huge claws of an unknown monster. And the found skull and beak huge size only convinced scientists that it would not be pleasant if such a monster met someone on his way. But later it turned out that they were ancient ancestors and their height exceeded the human by 2-3 times. It is said that there is a possibility that this bird has survived to this day, and you can try to find it in areas of New Zealand. The natives of this country have a lot of legends concerning Moa.
Archaeologists tools
At excavations, this kind of tool is mainly used: bayonet, shovel and sapper shovels, picks and shovels of various sizes, brooms, sledgehammers, hammers and brushes of various sizes. The work of an archaeologist can be quite difficult, especially when you have to dig up large burial mounds.
The important point is right job on the object. And the ability to pick essential tool also needed. The head of the excavation not only monitors the health of archaeologists, but also helps to properly use the right brushes and shovels.
How to become an archaeologist
You can study both full-time and part-time. Archaeologist is a profession that can be acquired by anyone who has a craving for antiquity and excavation. To do this, you need to enroll in a university that trains historians. It is in this discipline that they can then engage in excavations and other areas. An archaeologist is a historian. However, unlike the latter, he is engaged not only in the study of theory, but also personally seeks and explores antiquity.
archaeologist salary
The Russian salary on average is approximately 15 thousand rubles. But for only one expedition, an archaeologist can receive up to 30 thousand rubles. Wage in different cities may differ. For example, in Moscow it ranges from 20 to 30 thousand rubles. In the regions, it is approximately 5-7 thousand lower.
