Locality (in physical geography) terrain, in physical geography, one of the morphological parts geographical landscape. Represents a group of related tracts associated with individual large forms relief (for example, with watersheds, river valleys and terraces, etc.) or with fluctuations in the depth of occurrence of the same bedrock (pre-anthropogenic) rocks (for example, limestones subject to karst under the cover of loess-like loams). As M. in landscape science are also considered complex systems tracts of the same type that have merged in the course of their development (for example, systems of upland bog massifs in taiga landscapes), and parts of the landscape that differ from each other in the quantitative ratio of areas occupied by tracts of different types (for example, pine forests, swamps in the taiga, etc.) homogeneous qualitative composition the latter. In geographical literature, the term "M." is also used in a general sense (as a landscape, a territory with a peculiar combination natural conditions). ═ A. G. Isachenko.
Big soviet encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .
See what "Location (in physical geography)" is in other dictionaries:
1) part of the territory, characterized by the commonality of c.l. signs (natural, source or others). 2) In physical. geography large morfol. part of the geographical landscape, a complex of tracts ... Natural science. encyclopedic Dictionary
- - scientist and writer, full member Russian Academy Sciences, Professor of Chemistry, St. Petersburg University; was born in the village Denisovka, Arkhangelsk province, November 8, 1711, died in St. Petersburg on April 4, 1765. At present… … Big biographical encyclopedia
- [τόπος (ςpos) place, area; γράφω (γrafe) I am writing] scientific discipline, studying the earth's surface (i.e., elements of the physical surface of the land and objects of activity located on it ... ... Geological Encyclopedia
I. Definition, composition, space, population. II. Relief. Geological conditions. The soil. Water. III. Climate. IV. vegetable and animal world. V. Ethnographic composition, religion, life and occupations of the population. VI. Agriculture and its conditions. ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron
Geographical terms and concepts. Geographic definitions. Altitude is the vertical distance from sea level to a given point.a.v. points above sea level is considered positive, below - negative.
Azimuth- the angle between the direction to the north and the direction to any object on the ground; is calculated in degrees from 0 to 360° clockwise.
Iceberg- a large block of ice floating in the sea, lake or sitting aground.
Antarctic belt- descends from South Pole up to 70°S
Anticyclone– region high blood pressure air in the atmosphere.
area- the area of distribution of any phenomenon or group of living organisms.
arctic belt- descends from North Pole up to 70° N
Archipelago- a group of islands.
Atmosphere – air envelope Earth.
Atoll- coral island in the form of a ring.
Beam- a dry valley in the steppe and forest-steppe regions in the Russian Plain.
Barkhan- accumulation of loose sand, blown by the wind and not fixed by vegetation.
Swimming pool- the area of lowering, which does not have a runoff on the surface.
Coast- a strip of land adjacent to a river, lake, sea; slope descending to the water basin.
Biosphere- one of the shells of the Earth, includes all living organisms.
Breeze- local wind on the shores of the seas, lakes and large rivers. Daytime breeze. (or sea) blows from the sea (lake) to land. Night breeze (or coastal) - from land to sea.
"Brocken Ghost"(along the Brocken mountain in the Harz massif, Germany) – special kind a mirage seen in clouds or fog at sunrise or sunset.
Wind- the movement of air relative to the ground, usually horizontal, directed away from high pressure to low. The direction of the wind is determined by the side of the horizon from which it blows. Wind speed is specified in m/s, km/h, knots, or approximately on the Beaufort scale.
Air humidity- the content of water vapor in it.
Watershed- boundary between watersheds.
Elevation- an area elevated above the surrounding area.
Waves – oscillatory movements water environment of the seas and oceans, caused by the tidal forces of the Moon and the Sun (tidal waves), wind ( wind waves), fluctuations in atmospheric pressure (anemobaric waves), underwater earthquakes and volcanic eruptions (tsunamis).
highlands- a set of mountain structures with steep slopes, pointed peaks and deep valleys; absolute heights over 3000 m. mountain systems planets: Himalayas, Mount Everest (8848 m) is located in Asia; in Central Asia, in India and China - Karakorum, peak Chogori (8611 m).
Altitudinal zonality- change natural areas in the mountains from the sole to the top, associated with climate and soil changes depending on the height above sea level.
Geographical coordinates are angular quantities that determine the position of any point on the globe relative to the equator and prime meridian.
Geospheres- shells of the Earth, differing in density and composition.
Hydrosphere- water shell of the Earth.
Mountain- 1) an isolated sharp elevation among relatively flat terrain; 2) a peak in a mountainous country.
The mountains- vast areas absolute altitudes up to several thousand meters and sharp fluctuations in altitude within their limits.
mountain system- a collection of mountain ranges and mountain ranges that extend in one direction and have a common appearance.
Ridge– elongated, relatively low relief form; formed by hills lined up in a row and merged with their foothills.
Delta- the area of deposition of river sediments at the mouth of the river when it flows into the sea or lake.
Longitude geographic is the angle between the plane of the meridian passing through given point, and the plane prime meridian; measured in degrees and measured from the prime meridian to the east and west.
Valley– negative linearly elongated relief form.
Dunes- the accumulation of sand on the shores of the seas, lakes and rivers, formed by the wind.
gulf- a part of the ocean (sea or lake), which goes quite deep into the land, but has free water exchange with the main part of the reservoir.
Earth's crust - upper shell Earth.
Swell- small, with a calm uniform wave, the excitement of the sea, river or lake.
Ionosphere- high layers of the atmosphere, starting at an altitude of 50-60 km.
Source- the place where the river begins.
Canyon- a deep river valley with steep slopes and a narrow bottom. K. underwater - a deep valley within the underwater margin of the mainland.
Karst– dissolution rocks natural waters and the phenomenon associated with it. Climate is the long-term regime of the weather in a particular area. Local K., distributed over a relatively small area.
Climatic zone (or belt)- a vast region distinguished by climatic indicators.
Spit- a sand or pebble shaft, stretching along the coast or protruding in the form of a cape far into the sea.
Crater- a depression that arose after the explosion of a volcano.
Ridge- a sharply uplifting large uplift, one of the types of hills.
Avalanche A mass of snow or ice falling down a steep slope.
Lagoon- a shallow bay or bay separated from the sea by a spit or coral reef.
landscape geographical- type of terrain, a relatively homogeneous section of the geographical envelope.
Glacier- a mass of ice moving slowly under the influence of gravity along the slope of a mountain or along a valley. The Antarctic glacier is the largest on the planet, its area is 13 million 650 thousand km2, the maximum thickness exceeds 4.7 km, and the total ice volume is about 25-27 million km3 - almost 90% of the volume of all ice on the planet.
ice Age- time span in geological history Earth, characterized by a strong cooling of the climate.
forest-steppe- a landscape in which forests and steppes alternate.
Forest-tundra- a landscape in which forests and tundra alternate.
Liman– a shallow bay at the mouth of the river; usually separated from the sea by an oblique or embankment.
Lithosphere- one of the shells of the Earth.
Mantle The shell of the earth between the earth's crust and core.
Mainland – large part land, surrounded on all sides by oceans and seas.
Australia- in the Southern Hemisphere, between the Indian and Pacific Oceans (the smallest of the continents);
America North and South- in Western hemisphere, between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans;
Antarctica– in the central part of the South Polar Region (the southernmost and most high mainland on the planet);
Africa- in the Southern Hemisphere (the second largest continent);
Eurasia- in the Northern Hemisphere (most big mainland Earth).
Meridians geographically e - imaginary circles passing through the poles and crossing the equator at a right angle; all their points lie on the same geographic longitude.
World Ocean- all body of water Earth.
Monsoons are winds that periodically change their direction depending on the season: in winter they blow from land to sea, and in summer from sea to land.
uplands- a mountainous country characterized by a combination of mountain ranges and massifs and located high above sea level. Tibet- in Central Asia, the highest and greatest highlands on Earth. Its base rests at absolute heights of 3500-5000 m and more. Some peaks rise up to 7000 m.
low mountains- the lower tier of mountainous countries or independent mountain structures with absolute heights from 500 m to 1500 m. The most famous of them Ural mountains, which stretched for 2000 km from north to south - from Kara Sea to the steppes of Kazakhstan. The vast majority of the peaks of the Urals are below 1500 m.
Lowland- a plain that does not rise above 200 m above sea level. The most famous and significant among them is the Amazonian lowland with an area of more than 5 million km2 in South America.
Lake- a natural body of water on the surface of the land. The largest in the world is the Caspian Sea-Lake and the deepest is Baikal.
oceans- parts of the oceans, separated from each other by continents and islands. Atlantic; Indian - ocean of heated waters; The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest ocean; Pacific Ocean(Great), greatest and deepest ocean on the ground.
Landslide- displacement down the slope of a mass of loose rock under the influence of gravity.
Island- a piece of land surrounded on all sides by the waters of the ocean, sea, lake or river. The largest island in the world is Greenland with an area of 2 million 176 thousand km2. Relative height is the vertical distance between the top of a mountain and its foot.
Geographic parallels- imaginary circles parallel to the equator, all points of which have the same latitude.
Greenhouse effect(atmospheric greenhouse effect) - the protective effects of the atmosphere associated with the absorption of reflected long-wave radiation.
trade winds- constant winds in tropical regions blowing towards the equator.
Plateau- 1) a high plain, bounded by steep ledges; 2) a vast flat area on a mountaintop.
underwater plateau- elevation of the seabed with a flat top and steep slopes.
Plyos- a deep (wide) section of the river bed between riffles.
Plateau- a vast land area with a height of 300-500 m to 1000-2000 m or more above sea level with flat tops and deeply incised valleys. For example: East African, Central Siberian, Vitim Plateau.
floodplain- part of the river valley, which is flooded in the flood.
semi-desert- transitional landscape, combining the features of the steppe or desert.
hemisphere- half of the earth's sphere, allocated either along the equator or along the meridians of 160 ° E. and 20°W (Eastern and Western hemispheres), or on other grounds.
Geographic poles- points of intersection of the axis of rotation of the Earth with the earth's surface. Magnetic points of the Earth - points on earth's surface, where the magnetic needle is located vertically, i.e. where the magnetic compass is not applicable for orientation to the cardinal points.
arctic circles(North and South) - parallels that are 66 ° 33 ′ north and south of the equator.
Threshold- a shallow area in a riverbed with a large slope and a fast current.
foothills- hills and low mountains surrounding the highlands.
prairies- vast grassy steppes in the North. America.
Ebb and flow- periodic fluctuations in the water level of the seas and oceans, which are caused by the attraction of the moon and the sun.
desert- vast areas with almost no vegetation due to the dry and hot climate. The largest desert in the world is the Sahara in the North. Africa.
Plains- vast flat or slightly hilly expanses of land. The largest on Earth is East European, or Russian, with an area of more than 6 million km2 and West Siberian in the north of Eurasia, with an area of about 3 million km2.
River- constant water flow, flowing in the channel. Amazon - a river in the South. America, the largest in the world in length (from the source of the Ucayali River more than 7000 km), in terms of basin area (7180 m2) and in terms of water content; Mississippi - largest river Sev. America, one of the greatest on Earth (length from the source of the Missouri River 6420 km); The Nile is a river in Africa (length 6671 km).
Relief- a set of various irregularities of the earth's surface various origins; are formed by a combination of impacts on the earth's surface of endogenous and exogenous processes.
channel- the deepest part of the valley floor, occupied by the river.
Savannah- the landscape of the tropics and subtropics, in which grassy vegetation is combined with individual trees or their groups.
North Pole- intersection point earth's axis with the surface of the Earth in the North. hemisphere.
sel- a mud or mud-stone stream, suddenly passing through the valley of a mountain river.
Tornado(American title tornado) - vortex movement of air in the form of a funnel or column.
Middle mountains- mountain structures with absolute heights from 1500 to 3000 m. Mountain structures of medium height are the most on Earth. They spread over the vast expanses of the south and northeast of Siberia. Almost all of them are occupied Far East, East End China and the Indochina Peninsula; in northern Africa and the East African Plateau; Carpathians, mountains of the Balkan, Apennine, Iberian and Scandinavian peninsulas in Europe, etc.
Slope- a sloping area on land or the bottom of the sea. Windward Slope - facing the direction from which the prevailing winds blow. Leeward slope - facing away opposite direction prevailing winds.
Steppe- treeless spaces with an arid climate, which are characterized by grassy vegetation. In Eurasia, the steppes stretch in an almost continuous strip from the Black Sea to Northeast China, and in North America occupy vast expanses of the Great Plains, joining in the south with the savannahs of the tropical belt.
Stratosphere- layer of the atmosphere.
subtropical belts(subtropics) - located between the tropical and temperate zones.
Subequatorial belts- located between equatorial belt and tropical zones.
Taiga- zone of coniferous forests of the temperate zone. The taiga covers the northern part of Eurasia and North America in an almost continuous belt.
Typhoon- the name of tropical cyclones of storm and hurricane strength in South-East Asia and in the Far East.
Takyr- a flat depression in the desert, covered with a hardened clay crust.
Tectonic movements– movements earth's crust that change its structure and shape.
Tropics- 1) imaginary parallel circles on the globe, spaced 23 ° 30 ° north and south of the equator: tropics of Capricorn (northern tropic) - tropics northern hemisphere and the tropics of Cancer (southern tropic) - the tropics of the southern hemisphere; 2) natural belts.
tropical belts- located between the subtropical and subequatorial belts.
Troposphere- the lower layer of the atmosphere.
Tundra- treeless landscape in the Arctic and Antarctic.
temperate zones are located in temperate latitudes.
temperate latitudes– located between 40° and 65° N and between 42°S and 58°S
Hurricane– a storm with a wind speed of 30-50 m/s.
mouth A place where a river flows into a sea, lake or other river.
front atmospheric A zone separating warm and cold air masses.
Fiord (fjord)- a narrow deep sea bay with rocky shores, which is a glacial valley flooded by the sea.
Hill- small in height and sparing gently sloping hill.
Cyclones- area of low atmospheric pressure.
Tsunami- Japanese name huge waves resulting from underwater earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
Parts of the world- regions of the Earth, including continents (or parts of them) with nearby islands. Australia, Asia, America, Antarctica, Africa, Europe.
Shelf– continental shelf with prevailing depths up to 200 m (more in some cases).
Geographic latitude is the angle between plumb line at a given point and the plane of the equator, measured in degrees and measured from the equator to the north and south.
Squall- a sharp short-term increase in wind before a storm.
Calm- Calm, stillness.
Storm- very strong wind accompanied by strong seas.
Equator- an imaginary line connecting points on the globe that are equidistant from the poles.
Exosphere- layer of the atmosphere.
Ecosphere- an area of outer space suitable for the existence of living organisms.
Erosion- destruction of soils and rocks by flowing waters.
South Pole- the point of intersection of the earth's axis with the earth's surface in the southern hemisphere.
Earth's core – central part planets with a radius of about 3470 km.
Economic and social geography
Enclave- a part of the territory of one state, surrounded on all sides by the territory of other states and not having access to the sea.
Urban agglomeration- a group of closely located cities, united by close labor, cultural, social, infrastructural ties into a complex system.
Trade balance- the difference between goods exported from the country (exports of the country) and imported (imports).
population reproduction- a set of processes of fertility, mortality and natural increase, which ensure the continuous renewal and change of human generations.
Geographic environment- part of the earth's nature with which society interacts on this stage historical development.
Geopolitics- addiction foreign policy states from the geographical location and other physical and economic-geographical factors.
Global population problems- a set of socio-demographic problems affecting the interests of all mankind, creating a threat to its present and future; joint efforts of all states and peoples are needed to solve them.
Demographic policy- a system of administrative, economic, propaganda measures through which the state influences natural increase population in the desired direction.
Demographic revolution- transition from one type of population reproduction to another.
Demography- a spider about the population, the patterns of its reproduction.
natural population growth- the difference between the birth and death rates per 1000 inhabitants per year.
Immigration- entry into the country for permanent or temporary (usually long-term) residence of citizens of other countries.
Import- Import of goods into the country from other countries.
Industrialization - the creation of large-scale machine production in all sectors of the economy, the transformation of the country from an agrarian to an industrial one.
Integration international economic- the process of establishing deep and stable economic relations between countries, based on the implementation of their coordinated interstate policy.
Intensive development path- increase in production volumes due to additional investments in existing production facilities.
Infrastructure- a set of structures, buildings, systems and services necessary for the normal functioning and provision Everyday life population.
Conversion- transfer of military production to the production of civilian products.
Megalopolis (metropolis)- the largest form of settlement, which arose as a result of the merging of several neighboring urban agglomerations.
Intersectoral complex- a group of industries that produce homogeneous products or have close technological ties.
Population migration- the movement of the population across the territory, associated with a change of place of residence.
National economy- interaction of people and means of production: means of labor and objects of labor.
Science intensity- the level of costs for Scientific research and development in the total cost of production.
Scientific and technological revolution (NTR)- a radical qualitative revolution in the productive forces of society, based on the transformation of science into a direct productive force.
Nation- historical and social community of people, formed in a certain territory in the process of development of social market relations of industrial type and inter-district (international) division of labor.
Industry- a set of enterprises that produce homogeneous products or provide homogeneous services.
Socio-economic area- the territory of the country, including several administrative divisions, which differs from other features historical development, geographical location, natural and labor resources, specialization of the economy.
Zoning- the division of the territory into districts according to a number of characteristics.
Regional policy- a set of legislative, administrative, economic and environmental measures that contribute to the rational distribution of production across the territory and the equalization of people's living standards.
Resource availability- the ratio between the value of natural resources and the size of their use.
Free economic ZONE
- a territory with a profitable EGP, where a preferential tax and customs regime is established in order to attract foreign capital, special conditions pricing.
Production specialization- production by enterprises of individual parts and assemblies, certain types products, the performance of one or more technological operations.
Territory specialization- concentration in the area of production of certain products or services
The structure of the national economy- ratio between various areas and industries by the value of products, the number of employees, or by the value of fixed production assets.
suburbanization- growth process suburban areas cities, leading to an outflow of population and places of employment from their central parts.
Territorial division of labor- specialization of individual regions and countries in the production of certain types of products and services and their subsequent exchange.
Human Resources- part of the population of the country capable of labor activity and having the necessary physical development, mental faculties and knowledge for the job.
Urbanization- the process of urban growth and the spread of urban lifestyle to the entire network of settlements.
Service- work aimed at meeting the needs of an individual consumer.
Economic and geographical position (EGP)- the position of an object in relation to others geographical objects that are of economic importance to him.
Economically active population- part of the population of the country, a comma in national economy, and the unemployed, actively job seekers and ready to work.
Export- export of goods to other countries.
Extensive development path- increase in production volumes due to quantitative growth production units.
Emigration- departure of citizens from their country to another for permanent residence or for a long time.
Power system- a group of power plants connected by power lines and controlled from a single center.
Ethnos- a historically established stable community of people with a unique internal structure and the original stereotype of behavior defined in more"native" landscape.
terrain I
Locality
in physical geography, one of the morphological parts of a geographic landscape. It is a group of adjacent tracts (See tract) associated with individual large landforms (for example, with watersheds, river valleys and terraces, etc.) or with fluctuations in the depth of the same bedrock (pre-Anthropogenic) rocks (for example, karst-prone limestones under the cover of loess-like loams). Landscape science also considers complex systems of stows of the same type that have merged in the course of their development (for example, systems of upland bog massifs in taiga landscapes) and parts of the landscape that differ from each other in the quantitative ratio of areas occupied by stows of different types (for example, pine forests, swamps in the taiga, etc.) with a homogeneous qualitative composition of the latter. In geographical literature, the term "M." is also used in a general sense (as a landscape, a territory with a peculiar combination of natural conditions). A. G. Isachenko. part (plot), area of the territory with all its natural ingredients: relief, soil, water, vegetation, etc., as well as communication routes, settlements, industry, and agricultural. and social cultural objects; one of the most important elements of the situation in which hostilities are conducted. Various properties M. contribute to military operations or complicate them by providing big influence organization and conduct of a battle or operation. M. is divided into the following main types: according to the relief - into flat, hilly, mountainous; according to the conditions of passability - to slightly crossed (passable), medium crossed, strongly crossed (hard to pass); according to the conditions of observation and camouflage - open, half-closed, closed; about the peculiarities of natural conditions - on the desert (desert-steppe), forest (wooded-swampy) and terrain northern regions(Arctic, Arctic, plain and mountain tundra). The operational significance of large water barriers and mountain ranges is especially great. Properties M influencing fighting(conditions for the patency of troops and military equipment, protection, observation, orientation, firing, water supply, etc.), are called its operational-tactical properties. M.'s conditions are taken into account when planning a battle and operation, organizing the interaction of troops, the system of fire and camouflage, it has a great influence on command and control, communications, surveillance, and the work of the rear. Tactical properties of M. change depending on a season and weather. The study and evaluation of M. is organized by the commanders and staffs of all military branches, taking into account the tasks they solve. M. is studied and evaluated according to personal observations, reconnaissance results, topographic and special cards. The conclusions from M.'s assessment are taken into account when deciding on a battle or operation and determining the nature of the actions of the troops. Lit.: Govorukhin A. M and M. In the Officer's Handbook for Military Topography, 3rd ed., M., 1968; Ivankov P. A., Zakharov G. V., The terrain and its influence on the combat operations of the troops, M., 1969; Brief topographic and geodetic dictionary-reference book, 2nd ed., M 1973. I. S. LYAPUNOV
Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .
Synonyms:See what "Location" is in other dictionaries:
See the place to identify the area... Dictionary of Russian synonyms and expressions similar in meaning. under. ed. N. Abramova, M.: Russian dictionaries, 1999. locality, place (location), region, side, district, country, territory; region, neighborhood, region, balchug ... Synonym dictionary
- [sn], terrain, pl. locality, locality (localities, etc. wrong), wives. (book). 1. Place, some kind of specific space, area on the earth's surface. Mountainous terrain. Beautiful area. The battery fired at ... ... Dictionary Ushakov
1) some specific place, space, area on the earth's surface (Ozhegov, (1981); 2) part of the territory with all its natural components, communication routes, settlements, industry, agriculture and socially... Ecological dictionary
AT broad sense part of the earth's surface with all its natural components: relief, soils, waters, vegetation, etc.; as well as with communication routes, settlements, industrial and socio-cultural facilities. In English:… … Financial vocabulary
In landscape science, a morphological unit of a landscape, naturally territorial complex higher rank than the tract. It is the largest morphological part of the landscape, characterized by a special combination of the main tracts ... ... Wikipedia
terrain- LOCATION, place... Dictionary-thesaurus of synonyms of Russian speech
1) part of the territory, characterized by a commonality of any signs (natural, historical, etc.). 2) In physical geography, a large morphological part geographical landscape, a complex of tracts ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
LOCATION, and, pl. and, she, wives. 1. What is it. a certain place, space, area on the earth's surface. Mountainous steppe m. Open m. 2. Territory (usually rural) with several populated areas. Densely populated, ... ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov
terrain- area, pl. locality, genus localities (incorrect localities, localities). Pronounced [locality] ... Dictionary of pronunciation and stress difficulties in modern Russian
terrain- - Telecommunication topics, basic concepts of EN locality ... Technical Translator's Handbook
terrain- Part of the earth's surface with all its natural components (relief, soils, waters, etc.), as well as communication routes, socio-economic and cultural objects ... Geography Dictionary
Books
- Princely area and temple of princes in Smolensk. Historical and archaeological research in connection with the history of Smolensk. , Pisarev S.P. This book will be produced in accordance with your order using Print-on-Demand technology. The book is a reprint edition of 1894. Despite the fact that there was a serious…
Page 1
The geographical location of the area determines many features of the natural geographical environment. Depending on the location of the territory of economic activity, the degree anthropogenic impact is different, just as the self-purifying and self-restoring ability of the natural environment is different.
| Change in air temperature depending on altitude. |
Depending on the geographical location of the area, the relative humidity of the surrounding air can change significantly. Humidity is affected by the ambient temperature. At temperatures below zero, moisture condenses and falls in the form of frost, so its presence in the atmosphere becomes negligible.
The amount of precipitation depends on the geographical location of the area and the time of year. Most precipitation falls around the equator. As the latitude increases, their number decreases. The mountains, large lakes, the oceans have a greater influence on the distribution of precipitation than the distance to the equator. Precipitation is seasonal in many areas and has not changed much over the observation period. In the US Pacific Northwest, the average monthly rainfall is about 6 inches in winter and less than 1 inch in summer. The Great Plains, on the other hand, have maximum rainfall in summer (about 3 inches per month on average), while winter averages less than 1 inch.
Does the season and geographic location of the area have a bearing on the type of gasoline used? If so, what determines the composition that is optimal for a given time of year and place.
The latter, as you know, depends on the geographical location of the area, on the season and changes even during the day, depending on the time and meteorological conditions.
On the whole, as established, the degree of disturbance depends on the geographic location of the area, the nature of the relief and surface, the type of vegetation, season, soil moisture, features and properties of permafrost.
These data show that within the Soviet Union, climatic and other factors associated with the geographical location of the area do not have a noticeable effect on the incidence of glaucoma.
Variable nature of lighting, temperature, ozone concentration, meteorological conditions; the dependence of these factors on the time of year and the geographical location of the area; various, often opposite character effects of light depending on its intensity and air temperature - all this complicates the study of aging, often leading to conflicting conclusions. The complexity of the issue is aggravated by the fact that sometimes insufficiently correctly chosen methods of accelerated aging are used for research.
PZA is complex characteristic, which makes it possible to assess the potential ability to disperse impurities in the atmosphere, depending on the geographical location of the area.
The morning peaks of the lighting load in winter are tangible, in summer they are insignificant. The magnitude of the lighting load depends on the geographical location of the area, time of year and day, meteorological and other conditions.
The ambient temperature has the greatest influence on the operation of REA. The temperature varies depending on the time of year, on the geographical location of the area, as well as on the altitude.
During the processing and operation of polymers, volatile degradation products are released into the ambient air, many of which can be hazardous to human health due to high toxicity. The need to study the aging processes is dictated by the requirement to improve the quality, durability and improve the hygienic properties of polymeric materials. The variable nature of illumination, temperature, oxygen concentration, meteorological conditions, the dependence of these factors on the season and geographical location of the area - all this complicates the study of polymer aging during operation.
Of course, none of the factors involved in the formation of industrial accumulations of oil and gas can be considered sufficient in itself. Only in a certain combination and interrelation of them is the process of formation of oil and gas fields. However, among them there are the most important ones that determine the direction of the process. One of these factors, following the geotectonic one, is the physical and geographical setting of the accumulation of productive deposits, which combines a combination of such conditions as the geographical position of the area in certain time, climate regime, degree of development organic world, facies and geochemical features of sedimentation, etc. Therefore, the paleogeographic conditions, encompassing a number of the most important prerequisites for normal sedimentogenesis, can be classified as key factors capable of exerting a decisive influence on the formation of oil and gas deposits.
Pages: 1
Geographic Description terrain
The analysis of topographic maps is carried out in order to study the study area, its features, patterns of placement, the relationship of objects and phenomena, the dynamics of their development, etc. The analysis allows you to choose the right map of a certain scale depending on the direction of the intended use (for familiarization with the area, for orientation in the area , as a basis for compiling hypsometric, soil, landscape maps, for scientific analysis natural and socio-economic phenomena, etc.)
The choice of maps is accompanied by an assessment of their suitability for specific work in terms of the accuracy and detail of the information that is supposed to be obtained using the maps. At the same time, it should be taken into account that enlargement of the scale of maps leads to an increase in the number of map sheets, reducing the visibility of the territory, but increasing the accuracy of information. The time of issuing cards determines their compliance current state territory. The dynamics of geographical phenomena is revealed by comparing maps of different times for the same territory.
The following methods of map analysis are used: visual, graphical, graphic-analytical and mathematical-statistical.
visual way based on visual perception images of the terrain, comparing graphically shown elements of the terrain in shape, size, structure, etc. It presupposes mainly a qualitative description of objects and phenomena, but is often accompanied by an eye assessment of distances, areas, heights and their ratios.
Graphical analysis consists in the study of constructions made according to the maps. Such constructions are profiles, sections, block diagrams, etc. Using the methods of graphical analysis, regularities in the spatial distribution of phenomena are revealed.
Graphical analysis subdivided into cartometric and morphometric. Cartometric techniques consist in measuring the length of lines on maps, determining coordinates, areas, volumes, angles, depths, etc. Morphometric techniques allow you to determine average height, thickness, power of the phenomenon, horizontal and vertical division of the surface, slopes and gradients of the surface, sinuosity of lines, contours, etc.
Numerical indicators of the prevalence of objects, the relationship between them, the degree of influence of various factors allow us to establish methods of mathematical and statistical analysis. Using methods mathematical modeling spatial mathematical models terrain.
Geographic description of the area is compiled after a preliminary study of the map and is accompanied by measurements and calculations based on a comparison of lengths, angles, areas with a linear scale, a scale of foundations, etc. The basic principle of description is from the general to the particular. The description is structured as follows:
1) card details(nomenclature, scale, year of publication);
2) description of the boundary of the area(geographical and rectangular coordinates);
3) relief characteristic(type of relief, landforms and the area and extent they occupy, marks of absolute and relative heights, the main watersheds, the shape and steepness of the slopes, the presence of ravines, cliffs, gullies with an indication of their length and depth, anthropogenic landforms - quarries, embankments, excavations, barrows, etc.);
4) hydrographic network- names of objects, length, width, depth, direction and speed of the flow of rivers, slope, nature of the banks, bottom soil; characteristics of the floodplain (size, presence of old channels, floodplain lakes and the depth of swamps); Availability hydraulic structures, as well as bridges, ferries, fords and their characteristics; description of the reclamation network, its density; the presence of springs and wells;
