Psychological readiness for school is the level of development of the child necessary to study school curriculum. School readiness is the outcome of preschool development.

School readiness includes the following elements: motivation for learning, development of the will, the ability to control one's behavior, development, the ability to understand the meaning of what was said.

Motivation for learning develops with the desire to learn and the ability to work. The child seeks to know the world from birth. If the child is normal, then the desire for knowledge increases. To develop motivation for learning, parents must constantly satisfy their cognitive need: answer “why” questions, read art and educational books to them, play games, praise the child for his successes, and encourage him in his endeavors.

At the stage of intellectual development, the ability to solve problems is formed. This development begins with solving problems on connections between objects (for example, putting objects in their places). Then the child learns to perform these actions in the mind, that is, no longer with real items, and with their mental images. Tasks are continuously becoming more complicated in drawing, playing, designing; when performing tasks, the child does not just perform the learned actions, but changes his actions and gets new results, learns to plan his actions.

When entering school, the child must know:

And be able to:

1. Distinguish living and non-living, gender (male and female), number (singular and plural), times of day; shoes, clothes, and hats; fish, birds, insects, animals; vegetables, berries, mushrooms, fruits; water, air and ground transport; furniture, dishes, etc.; geometric shapes: triangle, circle, square, rectangle, oval;
2. Orientation in space and on paper, distinguish between right-left, top-bottom;
3. Learn and recite a short poem by heart;
4. Completely and consistently retell the story you read or listened to;
5. Write a story based on the given picture.
6. Remember and list from memory six to ten words, objects, pictures;
7. Divide words into syllables with stomps or claps;
8. Distinguish between consonants and vowels;
9. Determine the sequence and number of sounds in words of this type: “house”, “poppy”, “oaks”, “soup”, “teeth”, “sleigh”, “wasps”;
10. Correctly hold a pen, pencil, brush;
11. Carry out horizontal and vertical lines without ruler; draw animals, geometric shapes, people, various items from geometric shapes; gently stroke with a pencil, paint over, remaining within the contour of objects;
12. Use scissors (cut a sheet of paper into squares, stripes, rectangles, circles, triangles, ovals, cut out geometric shapes along the contour);
13. Make applications from multi-colored paper;
14. Sculpt from plasticine and clay;
15. Count from one to ten and vice versa arithmetic operations within these limits;
16. Match the number with the number of items;
17. Listen carefully for 30-35 minutes;
18. Maintain correct posture while sitting for 30-35 minutes;
19. Fulfill physical exercises, play sports games;

The first thing to do is. The child should be able to give not a monosyllabic, but a complete answer to the question (To the question: "How old are you?" It is better to answer: "I'm six years old" than one-syllable: "Six"). It is necessary to reach such a level that the child can make sentences of two or three words and link them into a story of three to five sentences.

Teach your child to determine how many words are included in the sentence, name the words in order (first, second, third word). He needs to learn how to distinguish sounds from words, correlate sounds and letters (this is extremely important for learning to read and write).

The next step will be the ability to retell the read story, to conduct a dialogue. Show the child a picture and ask him to tell what he sees on it, who is on it, what is happening - this way he will learn to compose a story from the picture. Read fairy tale stories to him (if he already knows how, then let him read it himself) and ask him to retell in his own words, ask questions about the content.

It is also important to be able to pronounce all the sounds. If your child has problems with pronunciation, consult a speech therapist or find exercises to develop these sounds and work on your own. It happens that parents get so used to the child’s speech that they don’t notice defects in it, so once again carefully check whether your child pronounces all the sounds.

Try to make a more “advanced” story from pictures - offer the child not one picture, but a series of pictures at once and ask him to compose a story, let him learn to connect the beginning, continuation and end of the story.

You should control not only pronunciation individual sounds, but in general - its pace and color, correctness. Calmly point out to him his mistakes on those elements of speech that you want to correct. Teach him to control his speech (do not speak too fast, build a phrase in your mind before speaking out loud), talk to him, discuss books you read, movies you watch. Ask the kid to describe the plot, name the characters, talk about them, name the main characters.

Ask him to come up with words: having opposite meaning, similar meaning, diminutive. Invite him to finish the sentence you started.

Ask the child questions that he will need to think about - it is very important that the child learns to think. Read informative books about your homeland, nature, space, travelers, etc.

Child development is also affected external sources information - . All this must be controlled very carefully: holding the child in "hedgehog gloves", you are unlikely to achieve a positive result, and if you achieve it, it will be temporary. Keep in mind that when you strictly forbid your child to watch a TV channel, then this channel will be of particular interest.

What does school preparation include?

Preparing a child for school is a whole complex of knowledge, skills and abilities that a preschooler should possess. And this includes not only the totality necessary knowledge. So, what does quality preparation for school mean?

The physiological readiness of the child for school

This aspect means that the child must be physically ready for school. That is, the state of his health should allow him to successfully pass educational program. If the child has serious mental and physical health, then he must be trained in a special correctional school regarding the characteristics of his health. In addition, physiological readiness implies the development of fine motor skills (fingers), coordination of movement. The child must know in which hand and how to hold the pen. And also, when a child enters the first grade, he must know, observe and understand the importance of observing basic hygiene standards: the correct posture at the table, posture, etc.

Psychological readiness of the child for school

Psychological aspect readiness includes three components: intellectual readiness, personal and social, emotional-volitional.

Intellectual readiness for school:

By the first grade, the child should have a stock of certain knowledge (we will discuss them below);
he is supposed to navigate in space, that is, to know how to get to school and back, to the store, and so on;

The child should strive to acquire new knowledge, that is, he should be inquisitive;
development of his memory, speech, thinking must correspond to the age.

Personal and social readiness implies the following :

The child must be sociable, that is, be able to communicate with peers and adults; aggression should not be shown in communication, and when quarreling with another child, he should be able to evaluate and look for a way out of problem situation; the child must understand and recognize the authority of adults;

Tolerance; this means that the child must adequately respond to constructive comments from adults and peers;

moral development, the child must understand what is good and what is bad;

The child must accept the task set by the teacher, listening carefully, clarifying unclear points, and after completing it, he must adequately evaluate his work, admit his mistakes, if any.

The emotional-volitional readiness of the child for school involves :
understanding by the child why he goes to school, the importance of learning;

Interest in learning and acquiring new knowledge;

The ability of the child to perform a task that he does not quite like, but requires it training program;

Perseverance is the ability to listen carefully to an adult for a certain time and complete tasks without being distracted by extraneous objects and affairs.

Cognitive readiness of the child for school

This aspect means that future first grader must have a certain set of knowledge and skills that will be needed for successful learning at school. So, what should a child of six or seven years old know and be able to do?

1)Attention.
Do something without distraction for twenty to thirty minutes.
Find similarities and differences between objects, pictures

To be able to perform work according to a model, for example, accurately reproduce a pattern on your sheet of paper, copy human movements, and so on.

It is easy to play mindfulness games where quick reaction is required. For example, call creature, but before the game, discuss the rules: if the child hears a pet, then he should clap his hands, if it’s wild, knock his feet, if a bird, wave his hands.

2) Mathematics.
Numbers from 0 to 10.

Count up from 1 to 10 and count down from 10 to 1.

Arithmetic signs: « », «-«, «=».

Dividing a circle, a square in half, four parts.

Orientation in space and a sheet of paper: “right, left, above, below, above, below, behind, etc.

3) Memory.
Memorization of 10-12 pictures.

Telling rhymes, tongue twisters, proverbs, fairy tales, etc. from memory.

Retelling a text of 4-5 sentences.

4) Thinking.

Finish the sentence, for example, “The river is wide, but the stream ...”, “The soup is hot, but the compote ...”, etc.

Find superfluous word from a group of words, for example, “table, chair, bed, boots, armchair”, “fox, bear, wolf, dog, hare”, etc.

Determine the sequence of events, so that first, and what - then.

Find inconsistencies in drawings, verses-fictions.

Putting together puzzles without the help of an adult.

Fold a simple object out of paper together with an adult: a boat, a boat.

5) Fine motor skills.

It is correct to hold a pen, pencil, brush in your hand and adjust the force of their pressure when writing and drawing.

Color objects and hatch them without going beyond the outline.

Cut with scissors along the line drawn on the paper.

Run applications.

6) Speech.

Make sentences with several words, for example, cat, yard, go, sunbeam, play.

Understand and explain the meaning of proverbs.

Compose a coherent story based on a picture and a series of pictures.

Reciting poetry expressively correct intonation.

Distinguish letters and sounds in words.

7) The world.

Know the basic colors, domestic and wild animals, birds, trees, mushrooms, flowers, vegetables, fruits and so on.

Name the seasons, natural phenomena, migratory and wintering birds, months, days of the week, your last name, first name and patronymic, the names of your parents and their place of work, your city, address, what professions are.

What do parents need to know when working with a child at home?

Homework with a child is very useful and necessary for a future first grader. They have a positive effect on the development of the child and help in bringing all family members closer together, establishing trusting relationship. But such activities should not be forced for the child, he must first of all be interested, and for this it is best to offer interesting tasks, and for classes choose the most right moment. No need to tear the child away from the games and seat him at the table. Try to captivate him so that he himself accepts your offer to work out. In addition, when working with a child at home, parents should know that at the age of five or six, children do not differ in perseverance and cannot for a long time perform the same task. Classes at home should not last more than fifteen minutes. After that, you should take a break so that the child is distracted. It is very important to change activities. For example, at first you performed for ten to fifteen minutes logical exercises, then after a break you can do drawing, then play outdoor games, and then mold funny figures from plasticine, etc.

Parents should also be aware of another very important psychological feature children preschool age: their main activity is the game through which they develop and gain new knowledge. That is, all tasks should be presented to the baby in game form, and homework should not turn into studying proccess. But when working with a child at home, it is not even necessary to allocate some kind of exact time, you can constantly develop your baby. For example, when you are walking in the yard, draw your child's attention to the weather, talk about the season, notice that the first snow has fallen or the leaves have begun to fall off the trees. On a walk, you can count the number of benches in the yard, porches in the house, birds on the tree, and so on. On vacation in the forest, introduce the child to the names of trees, flowers, birds. That is, try to make the child pay attention to what surrounds him, what is happening around him.

Various educational games can be of great help to parents, but it is very important that they are appropriate for the age of the child. Before showing the game to a child, get to know it yourself and decide how useful and valuable it can be for the development of the baby. We can recommend a children's loto with images of animals, plants and birds. It is not necessary for a preschooler to purchase encyclopedias, most likely they will not interest him or interest in them will disappear very quickly. If your child has watched a cartoon, ask them to talk about its content - this will be a good speech training. At the same time, ask questions so that the child sees that this is really interesting for you. Pay attention to whether the child pronounces words and sounds correctly when telling, if there are any mistakes, then gently talk about them to the child and correct them. Learn tongue twisters and rhymes, proverbs with your child.

We train the child's hand

At home, it is very important to develop the child's fine motor skills, that is, his hands and fingers. This is necessary so that the child in the first grade does not have problems with writing. Many parents do big mistake forbidding the child to pick up scissors. Yes, you can get hurt with scissors, but if you talk to your child about how to properly handle scissors, what can and cannot be done, then the scissors will not pose a danger. Make sure that the child does not cut randomly, but along the intended line. To do this, you can draw geometric shapes and ask the child to carefully cut them out, after which you can make an appliqué out of them. This task is very popular with children, and its benefits are very high. Modeling is very useful for the development of fine motor skills, and children really like to sculpt various koloboks, animals and other figures. Teach finger warm-ups with your child - in stores you can easily buy a book with finger warm-ups that are exciting and interesting for the baby. In addition, you can train the hand of a preschooler by drawing, hatching, tying shoelaces, stringing beads.

When a child completes a written task, make sure that he holds a pencil or pen correctly so that his hand is not tense, for the posture of the child and the location of the sheet of paper on the table. The duration of the written assignments should not exceed five minutes, while the importance is not the speed of the assignment, but its accuracy. Should start with simple tasks, for example, tracing an image, the task should gradually become more difficult, but only after the child copes well with an easier task.

Some parents do not pay due attention to the development of fine motor skills of the child. As a rule, due to ignorance, how important this is for the success of a child in the first grade. It is known that our mind lies at the tips of our fingers, that is, the better the child has developed fine motor skills, the higher it general level development. If a child has poorly developed fingers, if it is difficult for him to cut and hold scissors in his hands, then, as a rule, his speech is poorly developed and he lags behind his peers in his development. That is why speech therapists recommend parents whose children need speech therapy classes, simultaneously engage in modeling, drawing and other activities for the development of fine motor skills.

So, your child has gone to first grade, but this is not a reason to relax, but quite the opposite. In many ways, it depends on you how the child will study, and his attitude to school. Pay attention to the following points.

1. Remember that your child is a first grader, not a tenth grader, so do not demand more from him than necessary.

2. Respect the independence of the child, his new school life, now he has personal affairs - relationships with classmates, a teacher, school schedule, lessons.
3. Do not try to fully control the child's stay at school, some points can be discussed individually with the teacher, but not in the presence of the child. Pay more attention to the child's stay at home, what he does, how and how much, but again unobtrusively and imperceptibly for the child, so that he does not think that you are commanding him.
4. Do not belittle, do not shame the child in front of his peers. Try to develop an adequate self-esteem.

5. Ask him what he learned at school, what he did in class, what was homework etc.

6. Respect his independence and personal belongings. Do not rummage without his knowledge in the briefcase, do not shift his things in the closet, etc.

From the moment your child first crosses the threshold of school, new stage his life. Try to start this stage with joy, and so that it continues throughout his schooling. The child should always feel your support, your strong shoulder, which you can lean on in difficult situations. Become a child's friend, adviser, wise mentor, and then your first grader in the future will turn into such a person, into such a person that you can be proud of.

Understanding the importance of preparing children for school, I offer recommendations to parents that will help a preschooler to calmly move on to a new stage in his life. Recommendations for parents: 1. Remember that crises are temporary phenomena, they pass, they need to be experienced, like any other childhood illness. 2. Know that the reason for the acute course of the crisis is the discrepancy between the parental attitude and requirements and the desires and abilities of the child, so you need to think about whether all the prohibitions are justified, and whether it is possible to give the child more freedom and independence. 3. Try to change your attitude towards the child, he is no longer small, pay attention to his opinions and judgments, try to understand him. 4. The tone of command and edification at this age is ineffective, try not to force, but to convince, reason and analyze with the child possible consequences his actions. 5. If your relationship with your child has taken on the character of an ongoing war and endless scandals, you need to take a break from each other for a while: send him to relatives for a few days, and accept him when he returns. firm decision Don't scream and don't lose your temper no matter what. 6. As much optimism and humor as possible in communicating with children, this always helps! The strategy of positive assessment of the child: 1. Positive rating child as a person, demonstrating a friendly attitude towards him (“I know you tried very hard”, “You are a smart boy”, etc.). 2. Indication of mistakes made during the assignment, or violations of the norms of behavior (“But today you didn’t succeed in the bunny”, “But now you did wrong, you pushed Masha”). Analysis of the reasons for the mistakes made and bad behavior(“Look at this picture, the bunny’s head is smaller than the body, but you did the opposite”, “It seemed to you that Masha pushed you on purpose, but she didn’t do it on purpose”). 3. Discussing with the child ways to correct mistakes and acceptable forms of behavior in this situation. 4. An expression of confidence that he will succeed (“The bunny will come out beautiful; “He will no longer push the girls”). To develop the skills needed at school, you can play with children in various games aimed at developing and strengthening necessary qualities and properties (for example: the game "Yes" and "no" do not say, do not take black and white, "the purpose of which is to develop in children the ability to concentrate and concentrate their attention). General recommendations for the formation adequate self-esteem and correct ideas about themselves in preschool children: 1. Optimization of parent-child relationships: it is necessary that the child grows up in an atmosphere of love, respect, careful attitude to his individual characteristics, interest in his affairs and activities, confidence and consistency in educational influences on the part of adults. 2. Optimization of the child's relations with peers: it is necessary to create conditions for the child's full communication with others; if he has difficulties in relations with them, you need to find out the reason and help the preschooler gain confidence in the peer group. 3. Expansion and enrichment of the child's individual experience: the more diverse the child's activities, the more more possibilities for active independent action, the more opportunities he has to test his abilities and expand his ideas about himself. 4. Development of the ability to analyze your experiences and the results of your actions and actions: always positively evaluating the personality of the child, it is necessary to evaluate the results of his actions together with him, compare with the model, find the causes of difficulties and mistakes and ways to correct them. At the same time, it is important to form in the child the confidence that he will cope with difficulties, achieve good luck, he'll be fine. Both children and parents look forward to this event with the same impatience. "We're going to school soon!" - proudly say moms and dads, grandparents. “I’m already going to first grade!” - enthusiastically informs everyone, relatives and strangers, your child. Finally, the day "X" comes - the first of September. Your baby is happily and proudly striding ahead of you, dragging his very first satchel on his shoulders, stuffed to capacity with the very first ones in his life. school supplies. The first bell sounds. and now the first-graders sit down at their desks ... probably, it is at this moment that they begin to understand how serious it is - school. How quivering - children and school. One day, one far from perfect day, our schoolboy with tears in his eyes says, “I won’t go to school anymore!”. You are at a loss, the child is crying and flatly refuses to get ready for school. What is the reason? There can be a great many explanations for this - from the fear of being left alone, without the support of parents, to conflicting relationships with classmates and teachers. But the most common reason for children not wanting to go to school is that they find themselves in an unusual environment, they cannot adapt to it, find their place in a new team. From here frequent consequence becomes their fear of going to school, the children stubbornly refuse to go there. Here. first of all, it is necessary to find out real reason failure. But, be that as it may, in no case should the child be allowed to stay at home. Even if the reasons why he does not want to attend school are quite real and objective. His fear will only become stronger, and a lag in the program may also be added to it, which is highly undesirable. You must be firm and persistent in your quest to bring your child back to class schools. A child, especially a small one, does not yet have the motivation that would justify attending school. Children go to school obeying their parents. Therefore, in case of unwillingness to go to school, it is the parents who must explain the need to attend it. It is enough for a preschool child to explain that there he will be able to learn a lot of new and interesting things. Older children can be explained that without education, the road to the future will be closed for them, or they can refer to the law, according to which all children are required to receive at least a basic education. Of course, parents should visit the school where their child is studying from time to time. It is in the power of parents to inspire the child with sympathy for the teacher. You may well tell him that you personally like his mentor very much. Children tend to reciprocate good feelings. If they are confident in the location of the teacher, this will help them overcome the barrier that arises in their communication with a new person. While your child is small, do not leave him in the school yard, take him to class, have the teacher meet him. With time backlash calm down at school. Be sure to ask the teacher how he behaves after you leave. If his tears stop immediately after you disappear from view, you can stop worrying - the adaptation was successful. But it also happens that children who have been willingly attending school for several years refuse to go to school. In this case, a heart-to-heart talk is inevitable. You need to find out what is bothering the child. This is where talking to the teacher comes in handy. An attentive teacher will definitely notice something is wrong and will share with you his thoughts about the reason for your child's unwillingness to go to school. Anything can be here - poor progress in subjects, conflict between students, and first love. The options are countless. Of great importance is also home furnishings. Family troubles, divorce of parents, death of someone close - all this is reflected in the child's ability and desire to learn. Be sure to tell him the whole truth - lying can only aggravate the situation. Explain that family matters are one thing, and studying is quite another, that you will definitely cope with difficulties, and the best thing that he can do in a difficult moment for the family is to relieve you of anxiety about his academic performance. However, parents should know that how well and with what pleasure your child learns depends not only on his intelligence. The attitude of parents to his teacher largely determines the school success of the child. After all, it is from this person that he has a lot to learn, the mood of the child at school, his desire to learn will depend on him. Never, under any circumstances, allow yourself to make disparaging remarks about your child's mentor. try to get it right warm relationship with teachers, seek mutual understanding with them. In the end, they want the same thing as you - for your child to become well. an educated person. Show understanding towards your child's teachers. you know how difficult it is to be fair and discipline when dealing with even two children, and there are not two, or even four, but many more in the class. It will be easier for the child to accept criticism from the lips of the teacher if he knows that you respect him and treat him positively. Children are always great attention accept criticism from a person they like and try to change their behavior. Teachers are people too. They will take parental criticism with more understanding if they see that they are treated with friendliness and without prejudice. Try to be objective about the stories of your children - they tend to denigrate the "unfair teacher" and whitewash themselves - " innocent victim". Strive to understand and find the truth. As a rule, it is somewhere in the middle. Be friendly, accommodating, try not to complain in aggressive form, it is better to veil your feelings by expressing demands in the form of wishes and requests. Praise the teacher more often, thank him for the excellent teaching. say that your child is delighted with the methods of presenting the material - all this will flatter him and set him up for a friendly attitude towards you and your child. and in fact, because such nice people A child can't be a slob, right? At good attitude the teacher will follow you. Don't let your child get bored during class. If a child has fun learning, he learns better. Interest is the best of motivations, it makes children really creative people and enables them to experience the satisfaction of intellectual knowledge. Repeat exercises. Development mental abilities child is determined by time and practice. If an exercise doesn't work, take a break, come back to it later, or offer your child an easier option. Don't be overly anxious about not making enough progress and not moving forward enough, or even regressing a bit. Be patient, do not rush, do not give the child tasks that exceed his intellectual capabilities. In classes with a child, a measure is needed. Do not force the child to do the exercise if he is fidgeting, tired, upset; do something else. Try to determine the limits of the child's endurance and increase the duration of classes each time for a very small time. Give your child the opportunity sometimes to do what he likes. Preschool children do not perceive strictly regulated, repetitive, monotonous activities. Therefore, when conducting classes, it is better to choose a game form. Develop in the child communication skills, the spirit of cooperation and collectivism; teach your child to be friends with other children, to share successes and failures with them: all this will come in handy in the socially difficult atmosphere of a comprehensive school. Avoid disapproving assessment, find words of support, praise the child more often for his patience, perseverance, etc. Never emphasize his weaknesses in comparison with other children. Build his self-confidence. And most importantly, try not to perceive classes with a child as hard labour, rejoice and enjoy the process of communication, never lose your sense of humor. Remember that you have great opportunity make friends with a child. And a few more tips for parents: 1. DO NOT PUT NEW INFORMATION For the remaining time, you will not pull up any “tails”. And if you press on a child with reading and counting, you will be able to call from him negative emotions about the school. Of course, read a little, decide simple examples it is possible, but all this should be in a playful, non-coercive form. In addition, it is important for preschoolers to read the same books several times. They, recognizing the "material", try to tell the narrator what will happen next, correct if he made an inaccuracy. This develops activity in them, and then it will be absolutely easy for them to express their “adult” opinion already at the first lesson. 2. TELL POSITIVE STORIES FROM YOUR SCHOOL LIFE It is important to form a positive attitude towards school in the future student. If a child wants to learn and is sure that school is interesting, then the inevitable stress associated with the new rules and daily routine, an abundance strangers, will be successfully overcome. To do this, tell your child more often funny stories from my school life. 3. DO NOT FOCUS ON GRADES Many parents make a big mistake when they start to intimidate: “Read, otherwise you will bring me deuces.” It is important to focus the child's attention on the learning process (you will learn a lot of new things, you will make new friends, you will become smart), and not on the result. good grades, which are generally better not to be mentioned, especially since they are not put in the first class. 4. DO NOT SCARE BY SCHOOL In no case do not talk in front of a child that his “childhood is over”, do not feel sorry for him: they say, poor thing, workdays begin. Don't even jokingly scare me with school. You should also not discuss future expenses with the baby, lamenting the high cost of uniforms or stationery. 5. BUY SCHOOL SUPPLIES WITH YOUR CHILD Buying a schoolbag and all school supplies is a must with your child, then he is involved in the process of preparing for the first of September. Let the kid choose a pencil case, pens, pencils and rulers, notebooks with a colorful pattern on the cover. When you come home, do not hide purchases in the closet - give them to your child so that he gets used to new things for him. Let him collect a briefcase, carry it around the apartment, lay out notebooks and pencils on the table, then the teacher’s simple instructions: “Get a red pen or a notebook in a ruler” will not cause difficulties for the baby: he will clearly know where he has what lies. It's also a good idea to take your child to the school of your choice if you haven't already. Walk around the school. So the baby will quickly get used to the new place. 6. PLAY SCHOOL Let all your child's toys go to first grade, and the most beloved one will become a teacher. In such a game, one can explain the main school rules: how to sit at a desk, how to answer in a lesson, how to ask to go to the toilet, what to do during a break (15-minute "lessons" should alternate with five-minute "breaks"). 7. START LIVING ACCORDING TO A NEW ROUTINE A month before school, you need to smoothly adjust the daily routine to the new routine. Try to have the child go to bed no later than ten in the evening, get up at 7-8 in the morning. It is very important to form in the baby an idea of ​​what to do in the morning and in the evening. To do this, it is good to use a cork or plastic board on the wall, where you can attach pieces of paper, write, draw. To begin with, try to clearly explain what needs to be done before going to bed: collect a briefcase, prepare clothes (panties, a T-shirt, socks), check if the uniform is clean. All these actions are best indicated by drawings: a briefcase, things laid out on a chair. On the eve of the first of September, perform this ritual while playing. Let the child collect their children's books in a briefcase, put clothes on a chair. With the help of drawings, you can also depict the morning routine: we wash ourselves, get dressed, eat, brush our teeth, put on school uniform, clean shoes, leave the house. All this will help the baby better understand how his day is built. 8. GIVE YOUR CHILD A WATCH A necessary skill for school is time orientation. If your kid does not understand what time it is yet, teach him this. Many children find it easier to navigate electronic clock. The kid should know what it means a quarter of an hour, half an hour, in an hour. Hang in the nursery big clock(any, the main thing is that the child can learn the time from them). While reading, playing or eating, you can put the clock on the table and draw the child's attention to what time the action began and what time it ended. 9. MORE TEAM GAMES The school has rules that must be followed: sit at your desk, get up when the teacher allows, do not shout. Without understanding these elementary laws Your child will have a hard time in 1st grade. To develop your child's ability to obey and play by the rules, use team games. Thanks to them, the child will learn that there are rules that must be followed, and that the result depends on this. Another important lesson that team games give the baby is calm attitude to lose. 10. TRAIN ATTENTION AND MEMORY Good game for attentiveness: everyone is given the same text, time is recorded and you need to find and cross out the letters “s” as much and as quickly as possible. Conduct "classes" first for 10 minutes, the next 15, bringing the time of the "lesson" to the duration that will be at school. Then the child will not be so frightened by endless half an hour of classes. You can also play Turn Away and Name more often. Place the toys on the table and let the child look at the table for 1 minute. Then he turns away and names the toys on the table. Make it more difficult: add toys, reduce memorization time. You can replace the toy with another - the child, turning around, should tell what has changed. Good luck to you and - more faith in yourself and the capabilities of your child!

Understanding the importance of preparing children for school, we offer recommendations to parents that will help a preschooler to calmly move on to a new stage in his life.

1. Remember that crises are temporary phenomena, they pass, they need to be experienced, like any other childhood illnesses.

2. Know that the reason for the acute course of the crisis is the discrepancy between the parental attitude and requirements and the desires and abilities of the child, so you need to think about whether all the prohibitions are justified, and whether it is possible to give the child more freedom and independence.

3. Try to change your attitude towards the child, he is no longer small, pay attention to his opinions and judgments, try to understand him.

4. The tone of command and edification at this age is ineffective, try not to force, but to convince, reason and analyze with the child the possible consequences of his actions.

5. If your relationship with your child has taken on the character of an ongoing war and endless scandals, you need to take a break from each other for a while: send him to relatives for a few days, and by the time he returns, make a firm decision not to scream or lose your temper in no matter what.

6. As much optimism and humor as possible in communicating with children, this always helps!

The strategy of positive assessment of the child:

1. A positive assessment of the child as a person, a demonstration of a friendly attitude towards him (“I know you tried very hard”, “You are a smart boy”, etc.).

2. Indication of mistakes made during the assignment, or violations of the norms of behavior (“But today you didn’t succeed in the bunny”, “But now you did wrong, you pushed Masha”). Analysis of the causes of mistakes and bad behavior (“Look at this picture, the bunny’s head is smaller than the body, but you did the opposite”, “It seemed to you that Masha pushed you on purpose, but she didn’t do it on purpose”).

3. Discussing with the child ways to correct mistakes and acceptable forms of behavior in this situation.

4. An expression of confidence that he will succeed (“The bunny will come out beautiful; “He will no longer push the girls”).

To form the skills needed at school, you can play various games with children aimed at developing and strengthening the necessary qualities and properties (for example: the game “Yes” and “no” do not say, do not take black and white, the goal of which is to develop in children the ability to concentrate and concentrate their attention).

1. Optimization of parent-child relationships: it is necessary that the child grows up in an atmosphere of love, respect, respect for his individual characteristics, interest in his affairs and activities, confidence and consistency in educational influences on the part of adults.

2. Optimization of the child's relations with peers: it is necessary to create conditions for the child's full communication with others; if he has difficulties in relations with them, you need to find out the reason and help the preschooler gain confidence in the peer group.

3. Expansion and enrichment of the child's individual experience: the more diverse the child's activities, the more opportunities for active independent actions, the more opportunities he has to test his abilities and expand his ideas about himself.

4. Development of the ability to analyze your experiences and the results of your actions and actions: always positively evaluating the personality of the child, it is necessary to evaluate the results of his actions together with him, compare with the model, find the causes of difficulties and mistakes and ways to correct them. At the same time, it is important to form in the child the confidence that he will cope with difficulties, achieve good success, he will succeed.

Both children and parents look forward to this event with the same impatience. "We're going to school soon!" - proudly say moms and dads, grandparents. “I’m already going to first grade!” - enthusiastically informs everyone, relatives and strangers, your child.

Finally, the day "X" comes - the first of September. Your little one walks happily and proudly in front of you, carrying his very first satchel on his shoulders, stuffed full of the very first school supplies in his life. The first bell sounds. and now the first-graders sit down at their desks ... probably, it is at this moment that they begin to understand how serious it is - school.

How quivering - children and school.

One day, one far from perfect day, our schoolboy with tears in his eyes says, “I won’t go to school anymore!”. You are at a loss, the child is crying and flatly refuses to get ready for school. What is the reason?

There can be a great many explanations for this - from the fear of being left alone, without the support of parents, to conflicting relationships with classmates and teachers. But the most common reason for children not wanting to go to school is that they find themselves in an unusual environment, they cannot adapt to it, find their place in a new team.

Hence, a frequent consequence is their fear of going to school, the children stubbornly refuse to go there. Here. First of all, it is necessary to find out the real reason for the refusal. But, be that as it may, in no case should the child be allowed to stay at home. Even if the reasons why he does not want to attend school are quite real and objective. His fear will only become stronger, and a lag in the program may also be added to it, which is highly undesirable.

You must be firm and persistent in your quest to get your child back into the classroom. A child, especially a small one, does not yet have the motivation that would justify attending school. Children go to school obeying their parents. Therefore, in case of unwillingness to go to school, it is the parents who must explain the need to attend it.

It is enough for a preschool child to explain that there he will be able to learn a lot of new and interesting things. Older children can be explained that without education, the road to the future will be closed for them, or they can refer to the law, according to which all children are required to receive at least a basic education.

Of course, parents should visit the school where their child is studying from time to time. It is in the power of parents to inspire the child with sympathy for the teacher. You may well tell him that you personally like his mentor very much. Children tend to reciprocate good feelings. If they are confident in the location of the teacher, this will help them overcome the barrier that arises in their communication with a new person.

While your child is small, do not leave him in the school yard, take him to class, have the teacher meet him. Over time, the negative reaction to the school will subside. Be sure to ask the teacher how he behaves after you leave. If his tears stop immediately after you disappear from view, you can stop worrying - the adaptation was successful.

But it also happens that children who have been willingly attending school for several years refuse to go to school. In this case, a heart-to-heart talk is inevitable. You need to find out what is bothering the child. This is where talking to the teacher comes in handy. An attentive teacher will definitely notice something is wrong and will share with you his thoughts about the reason for your child's unwillingness to go to school. Anything can be here - poor progress in subjects, conflict between students, and first love. The options are countless. The home environment is also important. Family troubles, divorce of parents, death of someone close - all this is reflected in the child's ability and desire to learn. Be sure to tell him the whole truth - lying can only aggravate the situation.

Explain that family matters are one thing, and studying is quite another, that you will definitely cope with difficulties, and the best thing that he can do in a difficult moment for the family is to relieve you of anxiety about his academic performance.

However, parents should know that how well and with what pleasure your child learns depends not only on his intelligence. The attitude of parents to his teacher largely determines the school success of the child. After all, it is from this person that he has a lot to learn, the mood of the child at school, his desire to learn will depend on him.

Never, under any circumstances, allow yourself to make disparaging remarks about your child's mentor. Try to establish warm relations with teachers, achieve mutual understanding with them. After all, they want the same thing as you - that your child become a well-educated person. Show understanding towards your child's teachers. you know how difficult it is to be fair and discipline when dealing with even two children, and there are not two, or even four, but many more in the class.

It will be easier for the child to accept criticism from the lips of the teacher if he knows that you respect him and treat him positively. Children are always very attentive to criticism from a person they like and try to change their behavior.

Teachers are people too. They will take parental criticism with more understanding if they see that they are treated with friendliness and without prejudice. Try to be objective about the stories of your children - they tend to denigrate the "unfair teacher" and whitewash themselves - the "innocent victim". Strive to understand and find the truth. As a rule, it is somewhere in the middle. Be friendly, accommodating, try not to make claims in an aggressive way, better veil your feelings, expressing demands in the form of wishes and requests. Praise the teacher more often, thank him for the excellent teaching. say that your child is delighted with the methods of presenting the material - all this will flatter him and set him up for a friendly attitude towards you and your child.

And in fact, with such pleasant people, the child cannot be a slob, right? With a good attitude, the teacher will meet you halfway.

Don't let your child get bored during class. If a child has fun learning, he learns better. Interest is the best of motivations, it makes children truly creative individuals and gives them the opportunity to experience the satisfaction of intellectual knowledge.

Repeat exercises. The development of a child's mental abilities is determined by time and practice. If an exercise doesn't work, take a break, come back to it later, or offer your child an easier option.

Don't be overly anxious about not making enough progress and not moving forward enough, or even regressing a bit.

Be patient, do not rush, do not give the child tasks that exceed his intellectual capabilities.

In classes with a child, a measure is needed. Do not force the child to do the exercise if he is fidgeting, tired, upset; do something else. Try to determine the limits of the child's endurance and increase the duration of classes each time for a very small time. Give your child the opportunity sometimes to do what he likes.

Preschool children do not perceive strictly regulated, repetitive, monotonous activities. Therefore, when conducting classes, it is better to choose a game form.

Develop in the child communication skills, the spirit of cooperation and collectivism; teach your child to be friends with other children, to share successes and failures with them: all this will come in handy in the socially difficult atmosphere of a comprehensive school.

Avoid disapproving assessment, find words of support, praise the child more often for his patience, perseverance, etc. Never emphasize his weaknesses in comparison with other children. Build his self-confidence.

And most importantly, try not to perceive classes with a child as hard work, rejoice and enjoy the process of communication, never lose your sense of humor. Remember that you have a great opportunity to make friends with a child.

And a few more tips for parents:

1. DON'T PUT NEW INFORMATION

For the remaining time, you will not pull up any “tails”. And if you press on a child with reading and counting, you can make him have negative emotions about school. Of course, you can read a little, solve simple examples, but all this should be in a playful, non-coercive form. In addition, it is important for preschoolers to read the same books several times. They, recognizing the "material", try to tell the narrator what will happen next, correct if he made an inaccuracy. This develops activity in them, and then it will be absolutely easy for them to express their “adult” opinion already at the first lesson.

2. TELL POSITIVE STORIES FROM YOUR SCHOOL LIFE

It is important to form a positive attitude towards school in the future student. If the child wants to learn and is sure that school is interesting, then the inevitable stress associated with the new rules and daily routine, the abundance of strangers, will be successfully overcome. To do this, often tell your child funny stories from your school life.

3. DON'T FOCUS ON GRADES

Many parents make a gross mistake when they start to intimidate: “Read, otherwise you will bring me deuces.” It is important to focus the child's attention on the learning process (you will learn a lot of new things, you will make new friends, you will become smart), and not on the result of good grades, which are generally better not to mention, especially since they are not put in the first grade.

4. DON'T SCARE SCHOOL

In no case do not talk in front of a child that his “childhood is over”, do not feel sorry for him: they say, poor thing, workdays begin.

Don't even jokingly scare me with school. You should also not discuss future expenses with the baby, lamenting the high cost of uniforms or stationery.

5. BUY SCHOOL SUPPLIES WITH YOUR CHILD

You need to buy a briefcase and all accessories for the school with the child, then he is involved in the process of preparing for the first of September. Let the kid choose a pencil case, pens, pencils and rulers, notebooks with a colorful pattern on the cover. When you come home, do not hide purchases in the closet - give them to your child so that he gets used to new things for him. Let him collect a briefcase, carry it around the apartment, lay out notebooks and pencils on the table, then the teacher’s simple instructions: “Get a red pen or a notebook in a ruler” will not cause difficulties for the baby: he will clearly know where he has what lies. It's also a good idea to take your child to the school of your choice if you haven't already. Walk around the school. So the baby will quickly get used to the new place.

6. PLAY SCHOOL

Let all your child's toys go to first grade, and let your favorite one become a teacher. In such a game, the basic school rules can be explained: how to sit at a desk, how to answer in a lesson, how to ask to go to the toilet, what to do during a break (15-minute "lessons" should alternate with five-minute "breaks").

7. START A NEW ROUTINE

A month before school, you need to smoothly adjust the daily routine to the new routine. Try to have the child go to bed no later than ten in the evening, get up at 7-8 in the morning. It is very important to form in the baby an idea of ​​what to do in the morning and in the evening. To do this, it is good to use a cork or plastic board on the wall, where you can attach pieces of paper, write, draw.

To begin with, try to clearly explain what needs to be done before going to bed: collect a briefcase, prepare clothes (panties, a T-shirt, socks), check if the uniform is clean. All these actions are best indicated by drawings: a briefcase, things laid out on a chair. On the eve of the first of September, perform this ritual while playing. Let the child collect their children's books in a briefcase, put clothes on a chair. With the help of drawings, you can also depict the morning routine: we wash, dress, eat, brush our teeth, put on a school uniform, clean our shoes, leave the house. All this will help the baby better understand how his day is built.

8. BRING YOUR BABY WITH THE WATCH

A necessary skill for school is time orientation. If your kid does not understand what time it is yet, teach him this. Many children find it easier to navigate by electronic clocks. The kid should know what it means a quarter of an hour, half an hour, in an hour. Hang a large clock in the nursery (any, the main thing is that the child can learn the time from it). While reading, playing or eating, you can put the clock on the table and draw the child's attention to what time the action began and what time it ended.

9. MORE TEAM GAMES

The school has rules that must be followed: sit at a desk, get up when the teacher allows, do not shout. Without understanding these elementary laws, it will be difficult for a child in the 1st grade. To develop in your child the ability to obey and play by the rules, use team games. Thanks to them, the child will learn that there are rules that must be followed, and that the result depends on this. Another important lesson that team games give the kid is a calm attitude towards losing.

10. TRAIN ATTENTION AND MEMORY

A good game for attentiveness: everyone is given the same text, time is recorded and you need to find and cross out the letters “s” as much and as quickly as possible. Conduct "classes" first for 10 minutes, the next 15, bringing the time of the "lesson" to the duration that will be at school. Then the child will not be so frightened by endless half an hour of classes. You can also play Turn Away and Name more often. Place the toys on the table and let the child look at the table for 1 minute. Then he turns away and names the toys on the table. Make it more difficult: add toys, reduce memorization time. You can replace the toy with another - the child, turning around, should tell what has changed.

Good luck to you and - more faith in yourself and the capabilities of your child!

Is your child ready for school?

Dear parents! When talking with your child, please find out:

Does he know his full name and patronymic (Yulia Sergeevna)?

Does he know his age, day, month and year of his birth?

Does he know his home address, address kindergarten?

Does he know the names and patronymics of his parents, grandparents, their profession, the benefits of their work?

What does he know about the school, about the work of a teacher?

What do you like to do most of all: play, study, work?

Can block letters write your first and last name?

How does he treat his peers? Who does he like to play with?

How does he communicate with adults? Can he listen without interrupting?

Whether he owns direct and reverse counting within ten. Can he name the neighbors of the number (for 5 - 4 and 6)?

Does simple arithmetic problems for addition and subtraction within ten?

Does he know the basic geometric shapes? Is he able to see them in the objects of the surrounding reality?

Does he know the sequence of parts of the day, their characteristic features?

Does he list the days of the week in sequence? Practice naming, starting not only with Monday, but with any of them (Wednesday, Thursday, etc.). Ask for neighbors certain day- previous and next days.

Does he know the names of the seasons, features and the months that make them up? Does he know how to talk coherently about summer, autumn, winter, spring?

Can you navigate in space?

Concerning himself: what is to the right, to the left of him, above, in front of, behind him;

Relative to the given object: what is to the right of the table, to the left of the window;

On a sheet of paper: middle, top, bottom, right, left edges;

Does he understand the scheme of his body, can he show his leading hand, right elbow, left knee, right hand left eye, left hand right shoulder.

After one demonstration, can an adult remember and repeat a series of movements: hands in a fist, on the edge, palm down on the table (and so on 3 times)?

Can a rhythmic pattern slap: simple - ! - !!!, difficult - !! - !!!

Does he know poetry and fairy tales? What is your favorite book and why?

Is he able to convey the content of the story he heard?

Will he be able to arrange a series of pictures in sequence to compose a story?

Will he be able to understand and explain hidden meaning story? For example, famous story"Stubborn Goats": On the bridge, two goats bumped their horns. And two goats fell into the river upside down. Why? The bridge was too narrow, and the goats were very stubborn.

Memo to parents of future first graders

1. Support your child's desire to be a schoolboy. Your sincere interest in his school affairs and concerns, serious attitude to his first achievements and possible difficulties will help the first grader to confirm the significance of his new position and activities.

2. Discuss with your child the rules and regulations that he met at school. Explain their necessity and expediency.

3. Your child came to school to learn. When a person studies, something may not work out right away, this is natural. The child has the right to make mistakes.

4. Make a daily routine with the first grader, make sure it is followed.

5. Do not skip the difficulties that the child may have on initial stage learning learning skills. If a first-grader, for example, has speech problems, try to deal with them in the first year of study.

6. Support the first grader in his desire to succeed. In each work, be sure to find something for which you could praise him. Remember that praise and emotional support ("Well done!", "You did so well!") Can significantly increase a person's intellectual achievements.

7. If something bothers you about your child's behavior, academic affairs do not hesitate to seek advice and guidance from a teacher or school psychologist.

8. With admission to school, a person more authoritative than you appeared in your child's life. This is a teacher. Respect the first grader's opinion of your teacher.

9. Teaching is hard and responsible work. Entering school significantly changes the life of a child, but it should not deprive it of diversity, joy, and play. The first grader should have enough time for playing activities.

Is your child ready to be a first grader?

Mid May.

If your child is seven years old, then it's time to think about school. And most likely you already have several schools in mind to which you could send your baby. But sometimes doubts cover: will he cope with the new physical and psychological stress?

There are several ways to determine if a child is ready for first grade.

The first and easiest is your own observations.

Have you noticed that a child can without much difficulty for a long time (at least 20 minutes) perform painstaking work that requires concentration - draws, sculpts, assembles a designer, etc. He wants to finish what he started. Often asks questions to adults about the world around him, incomprehensible to him. Enjoys fantasizing and telling various stories. Easily and quickly remembers verses of 4-8 lines, retells fairy tales and stories that you once read. The kid has friends with whom he likes to play, he freely communicates with adults. To the question: `Do you want to go to school?` - the child replies: `I want to, there are a lot of new and interesting things, and I will learn to write, read, etc.`.

If you recognize your baby from this description, then your child will not have unnecessary problems with schooling.

The second way to determine the readiness of the child for school.

A conversation with teachers and psychologists working in kindergarten will help you learn about the characteristics of your child, which are manifested only in communication and interaction with peers and teachers.

It is important to get the following information:

How does the child perform in the classroom? Is he often distracted? Does he accurately understand and follow the instructions of the teacher? Does he notice and correct his own mistakes? Shows activity and independence or not? Confidently and without undue timidity answers questions in front of a group of peers? Do you often ask for help when completing tasks? Tired quickly or can work for a long time? Are the fine motor skills of the fingers well developed?

How does the child communicate with peers? Does he have permanent friends? Do you often quarrel and conflict? Does he participate in joint games? Can you negotiate with other children? Can he adequately fulfill various roles in games?

How does the child interact with the teacher? Does he show initiative in communication or waits to be approached? When rendering assistance, is it included in the work or closed in on itself? Unconditionally fulfills the requirements and requests of adults or expresses personal opinion? When completing the task, does he communicate with adults on the topic of the task or transfers the conversation to other topics? Does it show a desire and interest in learning something new?

If, in answering these questions, educators and educators give your child positive reference, then there is no doubt in the psychological readiness of the baby for school. In the opposite case, you should not be upset either - an experienced teacher-psychologist who will conduct a detailed professional diagnostics psychological readiness of the child for school and will give the necessary recommendations for parents and teachers. There is still enough time, and such specialists work in almost every kindergarten and school.

Exercise for the development of voluntary attention.

The child is given a sheet of paper, colored pencils and asked to draw 10 triangles in a row. When this work is completed, the child is warned to be careful, as the instruction is only spoken once. "Be careful, shade the third, seventh and ninth triangles with a red pencil." If the child asks again, answer - let him do as he understands. If the child coped with the first task, you can continue to work, gradually complicating the tasks.

Exercise for the development of observation.

Offer the child a game: "Carefully look around the room and find objects that have a circle, a circle." The child names objects - a clock, a pencil base, a switch, a vase, a table: You can play this game in a competitive form for a group of children, come up with similar tasks.

Game for the development of memory.

This game can be played with a child, for example, during long trips. The adult starts this game and says: "I put apples in the bag." The next player repeats and adds something else: "I put apples and bananas in the bag." The third player repeats the entire phrase and adds something of his own. You can simply add one word at a time, or you can select words alphabetically.

A game for training thinking and ingenuity "How can this be used?"

Offer the child a game - find as many options for using any item as possible. For example, you name the word "pencil", and the child comes up with how to use it - write, draw, use it as a stick, pointer, thermometer for a doll, fishing rod, etc.

Test "Nonsense" - for evaluation figuratively - logical thinking

Show the child a picture that depicts various nonsense and ask him to carefully consider the picture and say what is drawn wrong. Ask your child to explain what exactly is wrong in these ridiculous situations. The entire task is given 2 minutes. It is good if the child notices more than 8 absurdities during this time.

Test for future first graders:

Give your last name, first name, patronymic;

How old are you? How much will it be in a year? And after two?

What are your parents' names?

In the morning you have breakfast, and in the afternoon...?

Compare an airplane and a bird. What do they have in common, how do they differ?

Football, gymnastics, tennis, swimming is...?

What needs to be done to make the water in the kettle boil?

Knife, what is it? Bicycle, what is it? Kilogram, what is it?

Compare square and rectangle. What do they have in common, how do they differ? What other geometric shapes do you know?

What country do you live in? What is your address?

Birch, oak, aspen - is it ...?

What domestic, wild animals do you know? Why are they called that?

A cow has a calf, a dog has ..., a horse has ...?

Why does the barrier go down before the train passes?

Cucumber, tomato, carrot, beet - is this...?

Look at which group of questions the child was less successful in coping with, and give this side vocabulary thinking Special attention.

One of the most accessible and common methods for testing a child's readiness for schooling is the Kern-Jirasek test.

It consists of three tasks:

Draw the figure of a person;

Copy a short phrase;

Copy 10 points, located one below the other on equal distance vertically and horizontally.

Prepare a blank sheet of paper, a pencil, two task cards. On one of them, with a black felt-tip pen (not very thick), you need to write the phrase "He ate soup", the vertical size of the letters is 1 cm, and the capital letter is 1.5 cm. On the second card, you need to draw 10 dots, the distance between the dots vertically and horizontally - 1 cm, dot diameter - 2 mm. When completing the first task, tell the child: "Draw here (on clean slate) some man, an uncle, as best you can. "Children often ask a lot additional questions, it is better to answer them: "Draw as you can." You can encourage the child if he is not sure.

After the child finishes drawing, you need to turn the sheet over and give the following task: "Something is written on this card, you still cannot write written letters, so try to draw as accurately as possible at the top of the sheet "(the card with the task must be placed in front of the child). Then offer to draw dots at the bottom of the sheet.

Each task is evaluated on a five-point scale, with 1 - best estimate, and 5 is the worst.

Criteria for assessing the image of a person: 1 point is given when the figure has a head, neck, torso, arms and legs, hair on the head, eyes, nose, mouth on the face, there are signs of clothing, and 5 points - when the figure " something cephalopod.

When evaluating the phrase, 1 point is given when the phrase is copied accurately enough, 2 points - the sentence can be read, 3 points - at least 4 letters can be read, 4 points - at least two letters are similar to the sample, the visibility of the letter is preserved, 5 points - scribble .

When evaluating the drawing of points: 1 point - a fairly accurate reproduction of the sample, but it is possible to increase or decrease the figure while maintaining vertical and horizontal symmetry; 2 points - a slight violation of symmetry is possible, the image of circles instead of dots is acceptable; 3 points - a group of points does not correspond well to the sample, symmetry is broken, possibly more or fewer points; 4 points - the points are located in a cluster, but resemble any geometric figure; 5 points - doodle.

The scores for each task are summed up. A school-ready child usually gets from 3 to 9 points. As you can see, the range is quite wide, so don't worry if you think you can't accurately rate. The Kern-Jirasek test gives an idea of ​​the level general development child, spatial perception, copying abilities, as well as the degree of development of hand-eye coordination - all this is necessary when teaching a child at school.

A test with which you can determine whether the baby wants to go to school and what attracts him there:

1. If there were two schools - one with lessons in Russian, mathematics, reading, singing, drawing and physical education, and the other with only lessons in singing, drawing and physical education - which one would you like to study in?

2. If there were two schools - one with lessons and breaks, and the other with only breaks and no lessons - which one would you like to study in?

3. If there were two schools - in one they would give fives and fours for good answers, and in the other they would give sweets and toys - which one would you like to study in?

4. If there were two schools - in one you can get up only with the permission of the teacher and raise your hand if you want to ask something, and in the other you can do whatever you want in the lesson - which one would you like to study in?

5. If a teacher in your class fell ill and the director offered to replace her with another teacher or mother, who would you choose?

6. If there were two schools - one would give homework, and the other would not - which one would you like to study in?

7. If mom said: “You are still very small, it’s hard for you to get up, do your homework. Stay in kindergarten, and go to school on next year"Would you agree with this proposal?

8. If mom said: “I agreed with the teacher that she would go to our house and study with you. Now you don’t have to go to school in the morning,” would you agree with such a proposal?

9. If your friend (girlfriend) asked what you like most about school, what would you say to him?

Review the child's responses. 1 point is given for each correct answer, 0 points for an incorrect answer. If the child scored 5 points or more, we can safely say that he is internally ready for school.

It would be nice to watch how your child plays with children, whether he knows how to play “by the rules” not only with peers, but also with adults.

If for some reason the test results confuse you, seek help from specialists. Maybe there is a psychologist in your kindergarten who will answer all your questions and dispel your doubts.

Prepared by: Bazanova L. A., educator MBDOU Syavsky Kindergarten"Bell". Nizhny Novgorod region, Shakhunsky district, pos. Syava

ANNOTATION

The time is coming when the child will go The first time in first class. This is very important period in the development of the child, in the life of every family. A future first-grader needs to know and be able to do a lot, he will have to change his usual way of life, become more responsible and independent.

To make it easier for the child to adjust to school conditions, to help him in learning, you must definitely prepare him correctly. It's not only intellectual training(development of memory, attention, logical thinking, the ability to write and read, but also the ability to communicate, listen, yield, negotiate. This article reveals the concept of "preparing children for school", discusses the tasks facing parents in preparing a child for school, are given relevant advice to parents.

Target: assistance to parents of future first-graders.

Tasks: Reveal for parents the main patterns of the formation of a child's interest in learning, adapting it to school conditions, Recommend to parents a set of games aimed at psychological preparation child to school.

Is the child ready for school?

Consider the main points by which parents can approximately understand whether the child is ready for school and whether there is a need to pay attention to something.

The readiness of the child for school is determined by the following criteria, which must be combined with each other: psychological readiness, physical readiness and cognitive readiness.

Physical readiness

Sitting through 4-5 lessons of 40 minutes each, doing homework every day is an unusual task for a preschooler. Therefore, the child must be physically ready for school:

high level hardening and resistance of the body to infections;

compliance of indicators physical development child(height, weight, muscle mass) generally accepted norms;

development of fine motor skills(hand movements). The higher the development of fine motor skills, the higher the development of speech and thinking of the child. Therefore, it is very important to start preparing the hand for writing even before school (namely, preparing the hand, and not learning to write). Parents should watch how the child draws, while the following points should alert:

If the child, in order to paint over the figure, turns the sheet. This means that he cannot change the direction of the line with the help of finger movements;

If in the figure all objects are depicted very small. This means that the hand is strongly clamped and is in constant tension.

Parents need to help the child prepare the muscles of the hand for future handwriting, this can be done, for example, in the following simple ways:

Knead dough, clay, plasticine with your fingers, sculpt something.

String beads, buttons on threads.

Tie knots on thick and thin ropes, shoelaces, etc.

Of course, there are special games for the development of fine motor skills of the hand. For example, playing in the shadows, when, building combinations of fingers, you can show various shadow figures - a dog, a bunny, a deer, a little man.

development of hand-eye coordination. By the age of 6, a child should have formed the ability to isolate separate parts from the picture or object under consideration, which will help him simultaneously look at the object and draw it. At school, this skill is necessary, since many tasks are structured as follows: the teacher writes on the blackboard, and the students must rewrite the task in a notebook without errors.

Drawing plays a special role in the development of visual-motor coordination, since the drawing technique resembles the technique of writing. Thus, parents are required to teach their child how to hold a brush and pencil in their hands. At the same time, he should sit straight, without bending over a sheet of paper. Proper fit is extremely important for shaping correct posture, preservation of vision, health of internal organs.

Intellectual readiness (cognitive sphere)

This refers to the general awareness of the child about the objects and phenomena of the world around him, a set of knowledge that is useful for learning at school.

Parents should pay attention that a child at 6-7 years old should be able to:

Attention. The attention of the child should be stable, arbitrary.

Do something without distraction for twenty to thirty minutes.

Find similarities and differences between objects, pictures.

To be able to perform work according to a model, for example, accurately reproduce a pattern on your sheet of paper, copy human movements, and so on.

It is easy to play mindfulness games where quick reaction is required.

Memory. The child must master the techniques of meaningful memorization and reproduction.

Memorization of 10-12 pictures.

Telling from memory rhymes, tongue twisters, proverbs, fairy tales, etc.

Retelling a text of 4-5 sentences.

Parents can develop the child's attention and memory with the help of special games. For example, the game "What's gone"

What was gone

Several items, toys are placed on the table. The child looks at them attentively for one or two minutes, and then turns away. At this point, the adult removes one of the items. The task of the child is to remember what subject is missing (for children of older preschool age, more difficult option- with the disappearance of two or more toys). This game has another option. The child needs to remember the location of the toy among others, and after the adult violates this order, return it to former place. The reverse version is also possible - the game “Who came to us?”, When an adult does not remove, but adds an object or several objects.

Thinking. The child should be able to reason, draw conclusions, find the causes of phenomena, master logical operations:

Finish the sentence, for example, “The river is wide, but the stream ...”, “The soup is hot, but the compote ...”, etc.

Find an extra word from a group of words, for example, “table, chair, bed, boots, armchair”, “fox, bear, wolf, dog, hare”, etc.

Determine the sequence of events, what happened first, and what - then.

Find inconsistencies in drawings, verses-fictions.

Development figurative thinking contribute to such activities as drawing, modeling, listening to fairy tales, designing. Parents can also develop the child's thinking with the help of special games. For example, the game "Name different words."

Call it with different words.

A child is shown a toy bear and asked: What words can you call a bear so that everyone guesses that it is small? (Bear, bear, bear). An adult encourages the child with the words: Well done! That's what you said about the bear!

Speech and speech hearing.

Make sentences from several words, for example, cat, yard, go, sunbeam, play.

Recognize and name a fairy tale, riddle, poem.

Compose a coherent story based on a series of 4-5 plot pictures.

Listen to the reading, the story of an adult, answer elementary questions about the content of the text and illustrations.

Distinguish sounds in words.

As games for the development of speech, one can offer, for example, the game "How to say differently."

How to say differently .

We teach children to choose synonyms for given words: Strong man(strongman, cowardly person(coward, heavy rain (rain).

The composition of the number. Compose numbers within 10 of units on a visual basis, explain that, for example, 5 is 1, 1, 1, 1 and another 1, or 1 0 consists of 10 units.

Comparison of numbers. Arithmetic signs ">", "<», «=».

Dividing a circle, a square in half, four parts.

Orientation in space and a sheet of paper: right, left, top, bottom, above, below, behind, etc.

Orientation in time. To navigate the time of day (morning, afternoon, evening, night, their sequences, as well as in such concepts as yesterday, today, tomorrow, understand the meaning of these words. He must know the sequence of days of the week, name which day is today, which was yesterday , what will be tomorrow, combine these concepts into one - these are all the days of the week.

The world.

Know the basic colors, domestic and wild animals, birds, trees, mushrooms, flowers, vegetables, fruits and so on.

Name the seasons, natural phenomena, migratory and wintering birds, months, days of the week, your last name, first name and patronymic, the names of your parents and their place of work, your city, address, what professions are.

Psychological readiness

Psychological readiness includes two components: personal and social, emotional-volitional.

Personal and social readiness involves:

The child must be sociable, that is, be able to communicate with peers and adults; aggression should not be shown in communication, and when quarreling with another child, he should be able to evaluate and look for a way out of a problem situation; the child must understand and recognize the authority of adults;

Tolerance; this means that the child must adequately respond to constructive comments from adults and peers;

Moral development, the child must understand what is good and what is bad;

The child must accept the task set by the teacher, listening carefully, clarifying unclear points, and after completing it, he must adequately evaluate his work, admit his mistakes, if any.

Emotional-volitional readiness child to school involves:

Understanding by the child why he goes to school, the importance of learning;

Interest in learning and acquiring new knowledge;

In the desire to learn, the words and actions of adults play an important role. Create only a positive picture of the upcoming school life.

The ability of the child to perform a task that he does not quite like, but this is required by the curriculum;

Perseverance is the ability to listen carefully to an adult for a certain time and complete tasks without being distracted by extraneous objects and affairs.

What else can parents do to prepare their child for school?:

Read books to your child, talk about what you read;

Answer the child's questions and ask them yourself;

Get ready for school together: choose pens, notebooks, a satchel, a school uniform;

Make and observe the daily routine (do not forget about exercises);

Prepare the student's workplace at home.

What not to do:

Turn the child ahead of time into a student (a large number of classes exhaust him, making it impossible to play and communicate with peers);

Form a negative attitude towards school;

Force you to rewrite work done several times.

The main thing that parents can and should do is to believe in their child, to praise in case of even small successes and to support and help in case of failures (but not to do his work for him).

Preparing a child for school is not an easy task. And on how this task is carried out, it will depend on how easy or difficult it will be for the child to enter a new school life for him.