The “graduate model” of an elementary school is the expected result of the implementation of the educational program of the Federal State Educational Standard, the general answer to the question of what kind of “product” should be obtained as a result of the activity teaching staff at each level of education. The “graduate model” is a guideline for building the educational process, coordinating the activities of its various links and structures, and designing individual educational routes.
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General requirements for a primary school graduate.
student model.
Tula
2016
The “graduate model” of the primary school is the expected result of the implementation of the educational program of the Federal State Educational Standard, the general answer to the question of what “product” should be obtained as a result of the activities of the teaching staff at each of the levels of education. The Graduate Model is a guideline for building educational process, coordination of the activities of its various links and structures, designing individual educational routes.
The legal framework for creating a school graduate model is: Constitution of the Russian Federation;
Law "On Education in the Russian Federation";
Federal state standard elementary general education, approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated October 06, 2009 No. 373,
OU educational program.
Thus, the model acts as a standard. Building the image of a school graduate, we proceed from what he is dynamic system which is constantly changing, self-improving, being filled with new content. This means that the image of a graduate is not the final result, not the result in the development of a personality, but that basic level, the development and formation of which the school should contribute to the maximum.
The formation of personality is not the result of only school education, it depends on genetic prerequisites and the impact of preschool time, the influence of means mass media and, most importantly, family upbringing. Therefore, upbringing, education and development is possible only joint the efforts of the school and family.
Modern society needs a person capable of self-education, self-acquisition new information capable of receiving right decisions Therefore, the development of the child with the help of the school is built through self-realization, self-education, self-determination and self-development.
The role of teachers of our Centerin the formation of the child's personality can be defined by the following words: pedagogical assistance, support and promotion.
At all times, the activities of the school were aimed at solving educational problems, but the Standard defines the results of education: a sense of civic identity, patriotism, learning motivation, the desire for knowledge, the ability to communicate, a sense of responsibility for one's decisions and actions, tolerance and much more.
The portrait of a graduate has been defined in the Federal State Educational Standard of the IEO.
As we line our work to creategraduate models, we first compareda portrait of a primary school graduate and a portrait of a primary school graduate. And in the course of the comparison, it was determined that ...
Defined "portrait" of a primary school graduate:
Loving his people, his land and his homeland;
-respecting and accepting the values of the family and society;
- inquisitive, actively and interestedly knowing the world;
- Possessing the basics of the ability to learn, capable of organization own activities;
- ready to act independently and be responsible for their actions to the family and society;
- benevolent, able to listen and hear the interlocutor, justify his position, express his opinion;
- fulfilling the rules of a healthy and safe lifestyle for yourself and others.
Portrait of a graduate of primary and secondary schools according to GEF |
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The main goal of primary education in our Center- Preservation and support of the individuality of the child, his physical and mental development, the formation of the ability to learn.
What should be a primary school graduate, what qualities should be formed in him in order to maintain his desire to learn, to develop the need to study independently and creatively solve various cognitive tasks, to provide conditions for successful learning in primary school? What is the "model"primary school graduate?
An elementary school graduate must:
1. To master general educational programs in the subjects of the curriculum at a level sufficient to continue education at the level of basic general education (that is, to master general educational skills and abilities).
2. To master the simplest skills of self-control of educational actions, the culture of behavior and speech.
3. Master the methods of activity (cognitive, speech, algorithm for working with information, the procedure for organizing activities: establishing a sequence of actions, following instructions, determining control methods, determining the causes of difficulties that arise, finding and self-correcting errors, etc.).
4. Master the basic skills of educational activities, elements of theoretical thinking.
5. To form the need to study independently, the desire to learn, understanding the relationship of the phenomenon of the outside world.
6. Master the basics of personal hygiene and healthy lifestyle life.
Parents, sending their child to primary school, are guided not only by the status of the school, the system of education, but also by the personal qualities of the teacher. Every parent wants their child to study in modern, comfortable conditions and the teacher was not only professional, but also interesting creative personality. In their understanding, the result of learning is a knowledge base that will allow the child to successfully learn at subsequent stages of education, as well as saved health.
A primary school graduate, in addition to mastering the main program, should be positively motivated for further education.
teachers primary school our Centerform in students the ability to learn and the ability to organize their activities, independent search and the assimilation of information, the ability to be creative in solving problems.
There must be cooperation between primary and secondary teachers.
An elementary school graduate should be ready for middle school education. And he will be ready for this if he is healthy. With modern educational technologies it is possible. He must be able to independently acquire knowledge, be educated, communicative, creative and with a desire to go to school.
Primary school teachersthey teach children not only to write, read and count, but also instill in them the need for independent acquisition of knowledge. Our teachers contribute to the formation in students of the need to develop their intellectual, communicative, artistic, physical abilities.
We are aware that each child has his own individual and unique image, and we help him in his development.
- What are the key competencies that graduates should have?
elementary school?
To have competence means to have certain knowledge, to be aware of something, in any area.
In elementary school, we highlight competencies:
1. Educational and cognitive. (The student obtains knowledge directly from the surrounding reality, owns methods for solving educational and cognitive problems, actions in different (non-standard) situations. For example, grade 4. The world around. The topic is “Natural zone-tundra”. General lesson.
The whole class becomes scientific station. There is an independent research study. Children are divided into groups: geographers, botanists, ecologists, zoologists. Each group has a specific task, which is set out in the help cards. They defend their mini-studies at the end of the lesson using drawings, photographs, abstracts. In the process of such tasks, we develop cognitive interest, learning to choose from common material the main thing is to bring it into the system.
2. Value-semantic competences. (Associated with the student's value orientations, his ability to see and understand the world, navigate in it, be aware of their role and purpose.)
For example, according to plan educational work in the 4th grade there was an open school event"Me and my rights" The child must know the rights and their duties, be self-confident, have their own dignity.
3. Communication competencies. (Skills of working in a group, a team with various social roles. The student should be able to introduce himself, write a letter, fill out a statement, ask a question, lead a discussion)
For example, consultants work at a mathematics lesson in the 4th grade. They check the work done on their row, correct mistakes. This type of activity develops mutual assistance, mutual verification, and group work skills in children.
4. I will stop at one more core competence associated with work activities. During the period of study from grades 1-4, students acquire initial - technical knowledge; skills in the manufacture of products from various materials; self-care skills.
Labor training lesson. Topic: "Making a rocket model." Students work in pairs to receive an instruction sheet for the rocket making sequence. Children work step by step.
The design of the rocket comes up with themselves. In the process of such tasks, it is enriched work experience children; building skills and knowledge are developed.
5. Information competencies
Ownership modern means information (TV, telephone, computer, printer) and information technology ... (audio and video recording, Internet ..)
The method of projects, in its didactic essence, is aimed at the formation of abilities, with which a school graduate turns out to be more adapted to life, able to adapt to changes, navigate in various situations, work in various teams, because project activity is a cultural form of activity in which it is possible to form an ability to making responsible choices. Project activity at school is effective tool formation of the most various kinds competencies, as well as the full set of competencies - functional literacy.
Working on projects gives students a lot. This and active mental activity, and the development of cognitive and social activity, and interest in learning, and broadening one's horizons, and the ability to consciously acquire knowledge and use it. In addition, students learn to work on a problem, gain skills in collecting and processing information, skills and abilities research activities learn to apply knowledge. Project activity gives students the opportunity to collaborate with the teacher, discuss and offer their point of view.
Projects are planned throughout the year in almost all subjects school curriculum. Children enjoy doing this. They like to discover something new for themselves and their classmates, to be researchers of material unknown to them.
6. Health saving competencies.
Knowledge and adherence to the norms of a healthy lifestyle; knowledge and observance of personal hygiene, everyday life; physical culture of a person, freedom and responsibility in choosing a lifestyle.
The fourth year of study in the lower grades completes the first stage school life child. The prospect of transition to secondary school makes adults pay primary attention to the formation of fourth-graders learning skills and skills.
By the fourth grade, most children already develop
individual style of educational work, differentiation is outlined study interests, there is a different attitude to academic subjects: some disciplines are liked more, others less. It depends on the characteristics of the children, their performance, the specifics cognitive development, information processing, unequal interest in various academic subjects, etc.
Despite some individual characteristics primary school graduate, by the end of his education in primary level, the following main components of its leading activity - educational should be formed:
Enough high level mastering educational skills and actions;
The ability to act according to the algorithm, to apply the acquired knowledge, skills and abilities in real life situations, think logically, use the operations of analysis and synthesis, draw conclusions and draw conclusions, perceive and retain in memory necessary information(especially these skills were developed during the course "Computer Science" in grades 2-3);
Development cognitive sphere must comply with the current age standards;
Have a well-developed mindset and normal level intellectual development;
Normal or high level of educational motivation, formed educational and cognitive motives;
The presence of formed control and self-control;
Having a positive self-esteem;
A well-developed and age-appropriate stable emotional sphere.
Special place in psychological portrait Our graduate is occupied with the formation of his communicative competence, since communication becomes the leading activity during the transition to the middle link. The Young Philologist course, which is taught in elementary school starting from the second grade, helps to form this competence.
The most important line in the portrait of a graduate is also socially significant qualities, primarily inherent in a citizen: respect for home country, to his people, his history, awareness of his duties to society, other people, himself. Those. already at the stage of junior school age we strive to lay the first “bricks” higher senses- patriotism, humanism, diligence. Helps with this training course ORKSE "Fundamentals of the world religious cultures”, which is taught in the fourth grade, circles for extracurricular activities “Love and know your land”, “Tourists-local historians”.
It is in elementary school that the first abilities, inclinations, interests, and reserve capabilities of the child are manifested, therefore it is very important at this stage to create for each child a situation of success in activities that are personally significant for him, a positive emotional assessment of any achievement of the student is necessary. Methodical Association primary school teachers throughout four years education attracts students to participate in various competitions, exhibitions, olympiads different levels. The geography of these competitions is very wide and varied. Among the graduates of our Center there is not a single student who would not take part in at least one of the proposed competitions. As evidence of this - a portfolio of students, a piggy bank of their achievements and successes.
It should also not be forgotten that the life of children is not limited to the walls of the school. Outside of it, the child can be immersed in such activities that will allow him to show his skill, achieve success, gain self-confidence. Primary school graduates attend clubs, music and art schools, sports clubs. In this direction, primary school teachers are big job to promote extracurricular activities among students and their parents through visiting creative children's centers, inviting specialists to the school, etc. Many children achieve good results in this activity.
In our case, it reflects the Federal State educational standard primary general education, the specifics of the OC as an educational institution and consists of the following areas:
- moral potential;
- cognitive potential;
- communication potential;
- aesthetic potential;
- physiological potential.
Moral potential
cognitive potential
Communication potential
Able to express his opinion.
Aesthetic potential
Physiological potential
How do the personality traits inherent in the portrait of a graduate correlate with universal learning activities?
The portrait of a primary school graduate presents the results:
- Personal (self-determination, meaning formation, moral and ethical orientation).
- Metasubject (regulatory, cognitive, communicative).
The ratio of personality traits in the portrait of a primary school graduate with personal UUD.
Personal UUD | |
self-determination (internal attitude, "I am a concept", civic identity, self-respect and self-esteem) | Loving his land and his country |
Meaning formation (motivation (educational, social), attitude: towards oneself, school, society, the boundaries of one’s own knowledge and “ignorance”) | Inquisitive, interested, actively learning about the world. Fulfilling the rules of a healthy and safe lifestyle for themselves and others |
Moral and ethical orientation (orientation towards the fulfillment of moral standards, assessment of one's actions) | Respectful and accepting the values of family and society |
When we distribute and correlate the quality of personality written in the portrait of an elementary school graduate with personal actions, it becomes clearwhere, how and under what conditionswe can help the child develop these qualities.
The ratio of personality traits in the portrait of a primary school graduate with meta-subject UUD.
Metasubject UUD | Personal qualities in the portrait of a primary school graduate |
Regulatory component | Ready to act independently and be responsible for their actions to the family and school. Possessing the basics of the ability to learn. |
cognitive component (management of their activities, control and correction, initiative and independence). | Possessing the basics of the ability to learn. Able to express his opinion. |
Communicative component (cooperation skills, speech activity). | Friendly, able to listen and hear a partner. Able to express his opinion. |
The results of students who have mastered the basic educational program of the CEO also require the assimilation of substantive actions:
- subject (experience in obtaining new knowledge, its transformation, application; system of fundamental elements scientific knowledge underlying scientific picture peace).
Model of a primary school graduate MBOU TsO No. 35in our case, it reflects the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education, the specifics of the OC as an educational institution, and consists of the following areas:
- moral potential;
- cognitive potential;
- communication potential;
- aesthetic potential;
- physiological potential.
Moral potential
Loving his native land and his country.
Respecting and accepting the values of family and society.
cognitive potential
Inquisitive, interested, actively learning about the world.
Possessing the basics of the ability to learn.
Able to express his opinion.
Communication potential
Friendly, able to listen and hear a partner.
Able to express his opinion.
Aesthetic potential
Capable of aesthetic perception of objects and phenomena in the surrounding natural and social environment having a personal (own, individual) emotionally charged attitude to works of art.
Physiological potential
Fulfilling the rules of a healthy and safe lifestyle for yourself and others.
The formation of a model of a primary school graduate requires the teacher to improve professionalism in the following areas:
- Designing the educational process
- Organization of work of students
- Appraisal activity
- ICT - competence.
The basic technologies of the educational process should be:
- Information Technology
- Technology based on the creation of a learning situation (solving problems that are practically significant for studying the world around)
- Technology based on the implementation of project activities
- Technology based on the level differentiation of training.
Extracurricular activities of the school are aimed at developing personal qualities. It involves working with students. From 3 to 5 hours a week we hold the following classes: "School of Wizards", "Blue Planet", "Modular Origami", beadwork, etc.
We will be very happy if the graduates of our school learn to understand and apply in life such concepts:
- “I live in Russia, and I like it”;
- “Growing up as a normal good person”;
- "I want to learn";
- "learning to succeed";
- "I control the situation";
- "learning to evaluate";
- “I think, I say, I do it myself”;
- "always in touch";
- "in healthy body healthy mind."
In accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standards, the system for assessing student achievements is being changed. BUT will not be assessed value orientations reflecting individual-personal positions (religious, aesthetic views, political preferences, etc.), characteristic social feelings(patriotism, tolerance, humanism, etc.), individual psychological characteristics of primary school graduates.
In the last decade, significant changes have taken place in the domestic education system: a unified state exam has been introduced, a new generation federal educational standard has been developed, and specialized training has been introduced.
What is a modern graduate like? Let us turn to the portrait of a school graduate presented in the draft standard of secondary (complete) general education.
In accordance with this portrait, a graduate of a modern school should be:
loving their land and their homeland, respecting their people, their culture and spiritual traditions;
those who are aware of and accept the traditional values of the family, Russian civil society, the multinational Russian people, humanity, who are aware of their involvement in the fate of the Fatherland;
creative and critical thinker, actively and purposefully cognizing the world, aware of the value of science, labor and creativity for a person and society, motivated for education and self-education throughout his life;
mastering the basics scientific methods knowledge of the world around, motivated for creativity and modern innovative activity;
ready for educational cooperation, able to carry out educational and research, design and information activity; self-aware person, socially active, respecting the law and order, fulfilling their duties to the family, society, state, humanity;
who respects the opinions of other people, who knows how to conduct a constructive dialogue, reach mutual understanding and successfully interact;
consciously fulfilling and promoting the rules of a healthy and environmentally sound lifestyle that is safe for the person himself and other people;
prepared for awareness career choice who understands the importance of professional activity for a person and society, its sustainable development.
How do graduates see themselves? And what ideal do they aspire to? With such questions, we turned to a graduate of the gymnasium, who expressed her own opinion and relied on the statements of her peers on this topic.
What is he - a modern graduate? What qualities should one have?
Perhaps the easiest way to answer these questions is to ask the high school students themselves. We conducted a small survey among the 11th graders of our school. Most of the guys believe that the main and in no way irreplaceable feature of a graduate is the mind. Of course they are right. The mind is the ability to competently build a sentence, convey your thoughts to others, keep up the conversation on any topic. The mind is knowledge, or rather, the ability to apply it. But it's not enough to just be smart. You need to have a clearly defined goal. You must understand well what you want and how you can achieve it. The goal in life should always be: whether you are a schoolboy, a graduate, a student, a skilled worker, a boss, a parent ... As you achieve one goal, you must set yourself another, achieve, go towards it. After all, a person needs to constantly develop, grow, move on ... A purposeful person - successful man. So do modern graduates. According to the respondents, the following essential qualities are diligence, responsibility, independence and perseverance. School teaches us all this. Each lesson at school is not just a huge amount of new, necessary knowledge, these are life lessons. School teaches us to be adults, independent. It teaches not to depend on others, but to respect the opinion of another person. Concentration, punctuality, diligence, accuracy - all this is without which it is impossible to study well at school, and even more so to step into adulthood. A modern graduate should be charismatic, have a sense of humor. Here it is impossible not to agree. The ability to talk to people is one of the most important qualities these days. Tell something, offer, explain, advise and consult, ask, find out, agree, - regardless of what further way you have chosen, you will face this often ... Undoubtedly, it is important to be self-confident. In myself, in my actions and words. You must firmly go forward, not doubting your actions. You will not doubt, others will not doubt. But be that as it may, the most important features of a graduate (whether modern or not) will always be politeness, kindness and openness. After all, a graduate is the future of the country. He must be able to change something in society, to make it better. And no matter how successful, smart, purposeful you are, you cannot change anything if you do not have these qualities. You will not be able to negotiate with a single person if you are not polite, kind, responsive, and, most importantly, honest. People simply will not want to meet you halfway, they will not believe your words. Alas, now it is a very serious problem. Modern youth ceases to appreciate many moral qualities, ceases to understand their importance. Indeed, now, in the age of computers and telephones, it has become much easier for people to communicate with each other without taking their heads off the keyboard than to hear the real voice of a real person. Sitting at a computer, we do not see a person's emotions, or his reactions - nothing. Yes, and we ourselves can experience little, knocking on the buttons and looking at the blue screen. We forget how it is to be kind, open, responsive. We forget, because we “do not use” these qualities. It's a pity.
These qualities, according to modern teenagers, must possess a graduate in order to be prepared for adulthood, to choose the right professional path, to be successful, and most importantly - necessary to society and your country.
The programs of complex psychological and pedagogical medical and social support of the educational process are aimed at achieving personal and meta-subject results, which are designated as important components of the Federal State Educational Standard of the new generation.
For example, Steps to Success program is focused on the formation of learning skills, a conscious attitude to learning, a responsible attitude to education and self-education. Program "I am learning to choose - 9, 10-11" involves mastering the basics of independent conscious choice by students in the field of school career, starting with the choice of the profile of education and ending with professional self-determination. The main instrument of this program is portfolio "From the choice profile class to professional self-determination" which consists of 3 parts:
for students in grades 9 - "Learning to choose a profile of study at the stage of pre-profile training" - acquaintance with common ground right choice;
for 10th grade students - "My first steps towards professional self-determination";
for 11th grade students - "Graduate Portfolio" - allows you to structure and track the process of professional self-determination, helps to justify a professional choice during an interview at a university, to form self-presentation skills necessary in a further professional career.
Program "I choose health" is aimed at understanding the value of health and a healthy lifestyle, teaching high school students the algorithm for making the right decision regarding their own health, getting to know the main components of a healthy and successful person's lifestyle.
Program « Consulting center within the framework of the project "Abitur-class", covering the final stage of education at school (grades 10-11) and the main stage of professional self-determination. For all high school students in order to assist in the correct planning of an individual route of preparation for final certification and admission to higher educational institutions, the Abitur-class project provides the following opportunities:
this is participation in subject university olympiads;
information support in determining the package of final exams;
organization of preparation for the exam in profile subjects within the test culture school.
Program "Consulting Center" is aimed at developing a motivated understanding among high school students “where and why to go to study?”.
The program includes 3 modules:
1. Information support high school students and their parents on career guidance and preparation for the exam, which is carried out through:
school site - section "Informburo": information about universities, olympiads, target programs, etc. see the website of the gymnasium www. school56. spb. en, link “Abitur-class. 11th grade students");
meetings with representatives of higher educational institutions and joint career guidance events ( round tables, conferences, olympiads, competitions, etc.);
booklets-memos for students, parents and class teachers;
use of materials from the information library of the PPMS Center, specialized educational portals, media library resources, libraries, etc.
Individual work on self-determination using the "Abitur-list" (see the website of the gymnasium www. school56. spb. en, link “Abitur-class. 11th grade students")
System of individual career guidance consultations specialists: a psychologist-professional consultant and an employee of the pre-university training center, which helps high school students:
determine your interests, inclinations and opportunities;
to know the features of your intellect and temperament;
expand your understanding of the world of professions and choose the one that is most suitable;
get detailed information about universities;
get information about targeted programs;
learn effective behavior difficult situations(for example, in an exam) and believe in yourself;
cope with exam stress relaxation exercises and technology;
acquire self-presentation skills, prepare for an interview at the chosen university;
create and design a portfolio.
The whole system of complex psychological and pedagogical medical and social support, thus, provides conditions that allow the graduate to acquire the necessary qualities, competencies and knowledge that will allow him to become a competitive and successful person in the modern world.
The school should form the following qualities: Qualities of real graduates: In life, they need the following qualities: Purposefulness Education Efficiency Sociability Discipline Erudition Self-confidence Diligence Intelligence Carefulness Educatedness Organization Discipline Efficiency Collectivism Good manners Modesty Patience Duplicity Constriction Persistence in achieving goals Self-confidence Education Sociability Efficiency Creativity to the point Discipline Careerism Audacity Penetrating qualities Graduates believe that ...
Differences exist because: Ideal people does not happen, as well as people who should educate these qualities in us; Reality and ideal are different things, but this does not mean that the ideal is not worth striving for; Purpose, reality and future are different things and there is no need to strive to combine them; The school cannot educate everyone equally, all people are different in themselves; There are no differences among these qualities, and there should not be, a person himself must be able to cultivate the necessary qualities in himself, and the school only helps him in this; The school should strive to develop positive qualities, and the student himself will choose what he needs in life; There are not enough talented teachers; We cannot show our qualities in school; Honesty and kindness, in our time, no one needs;
What needs to be done to improve the process of education and upbringing at school? Need more extracurricular activities together with parents and teachers to get to know each other better as human beings; More lessons in the shape of role playing; In the upper grades, the student himself must choose the most interesting and necessary subjects for him, introduce more diverse special courses; To give more vital and practical skills in the lessons; Spend self-government days at school; The student must be able to express his point of view; The teacher must see in the student, first of all, a person, and educate by personal example;
What should a modern school be like in order to educate a modern graduate? What is? What should be? Modern teacher mainly focuses on the knowledge paradigm of education and gives students good knowledge, while the personality of the student does not develop, the latter does not know how to independently acquire knowledge, does not know how to use the reference and additional literature Advanced thinking and intellect, (not memory). The student must be able to acquire knowledge. AT modern society, per century information technologies and increasing flows of information, this is a very important skill.
What should a modern school be like in order to educate a modern graduate? What is? What should be? A large amount of indigestible information, training in many different disciplines that will be useful in the future only by 50%. The teacher teaches what he knows, regardless of whether it is relevant. Teaches what is no longer there. Knowledge is divorced from activity. Grades are the most important thing. Teaching not the subject itself, but the basic skills that will help the student gain the necessary knowledge in the future. It is necessary to teach to find the necessary information and skillfully use it, and not to give ready-made material. The development of independence. Maintaining health.
What should a modern school be like in order to educate a modern graduate? What is? What should be? Extreme lack of audio and especially visual information humanitarian plan. Existing films are hopelessly outdated, and, as a rule, there is no money for new ones. A person must freely or at least confidently navigate the processes taking place in society. To do this, he needs alternative information from different sources. This will enable him to consciously make responsible decisions.
What should a modern school be like in order to educate a modern graduate? What is? What should be? A graduate with a wealth of knowledge. Creatively developed personality capable of adapting to market conditions. A modern graduate should be active, independent, able to get out of difficult life situations.
What should a modern school be like in order to educate a modern graduate? What is? What should be? Student overload: the student does not have enough time to work with additional sources information, including a computer. Physically healthy person with sound knowledge.
Category - core competence- is the main category of the world educational practice, because: firstly, it combines the intellectual and skill components; secondly, interprets the content of education from end result; thirdly, it has an integrative nature, includes not only the usual ZUNs, but the habits, traditions of the people, national culture, as well as motivational, social, ethical and behavioral components.
Educational goals Formation of a knowledge base for further vocational education according to the educational claims of the student and his plans for the future (Subject competence) Formation of ways to organize individual and collective activity(planning, design, research, creativity, etc.), design of products of activity. (Managerial competence) Formation of ways to use various kinds of resources to implement their plans (human resource, resource information systems, a resource of collective mental activity, etc.). ( Communicative competence) Formation of ways of socialization (inclusion in various educational, professional and other communities). (Sociocultural competence)
21 School graduate model Moral potential Intellectual potential Civic potential Artistic and aesthetic potential physical potential legal cultures adequate self-assessment honesty adherence to principles the ability to defend one's views and beliefs professional self-determination required level good breeding a sufficient level of knowledge the ability to work rationally the ability to self-educate creatively think competently work with information citizenship patriotism love for the native land and Motherland High creativity Ability for self-realization Conscious cognitive interests and the desire to realize them Healthy image Conscious Attitude to health and physical culture Ability to act in emergency situations
Draft decision pedagogical council: “A modern graduate through the eyes of teachers, parents, students. School graduate model. 1. Take the model of a school graduate as the basis of the "Concept for the development of the school for years" and develop a plan for the implementation of the concept. 2. Create to build an individual educational trajectory for each student in high school(transition to a specialized training system, development of a system elective courses, study of social order). 3. Within the framework of existing programs, focus on practical orientation training (introduction of new technologies, use of role-playing games, excursions, seminars, etc.) 4. Create conditions for the manifestation search activity and creative activity students ( design work, experimental sites etc.)
- From September 01, 2015, a mandatory transition of all educational institutions for new basic educational programs that meet the requirements of Federal State Educational Standards LLC.
- The Federal State Educational Standard for Basic General Education (FGOS LLC) was approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated December 17, 2010 No. 1897.
- The leading principles of the Federal State Educational Standard of General Education are the principles of continuity and development. Continuity and development are implemented in the requirements for the results of the development of the main educational programs. They are divided into three blocks: requirements for personal, meta-subject and subject results.
- The standard for each stage of general education contains a personal reference point - a portrait of a graduate of the corresponding stage. The positions that characterize a primary school student are a successive, but in-depth and supplemented version of the characteristics of a primary school graduate.
Knowledge and skills
cognitive activity
Health
Enough level basic knowledge general educational programs in the subjects of the curriculum, necessary for continuing education at the level of basic general education. Mastering the skills of educational activities, the skills of self-control of educational actions. Ability to solve project problems. Mastering the basics of ICT for the purpose of self-acquisition of knowledge. Ability to work with dictionaries, encyclopedias, maps, atlases.
Valuable attitude to the preservation of health. Knowledge of the main environmental factors that negatively affect human health, understanding the mechanism of their influence and consequences. Knowledge of health care. Gaining health care experience.
Mastering the basics of personal hygiene and a healthy lifestyle. Compliance with the daily routine. The desire to become strong, fast, agile and hardened, the desire to try their hand at classes physical education and sports.
Motivation for success. Self-employed person.
Educational and cognitive interests.
Responsibility
for learning outcomes.
Participation in competitions, olympiads.
social motivation.
Self-confidence.
Initiative, independence.
Cooperation Skills
in different types of activities.
Culture of personality, life and moral position
A creatively developed person who knows how to think, organize his activities to solve the tasks.
- who loves his land and his Fatherland, knows Russian and his native language, respects his people, their culture and spiritual traditions;
- aware and accepting the values of human life, family, civil society, the multinational Russian people, humanity;
- actively and interestedly knowing the world, realizing the value of labor, science and creativity;
- able to learn, aware of the importance of education and self-education for life and work, able to apply the acquired knowledge in practice;
- socially active, respecting the law and order, commensurate their actions with moral values, aware of their duties to the family, society, the Fatherland;
- respecting other people, able to conduct a constructive dialogue, reach mutual understanding, cooperate to achieve common results;
- consciously fulfilling the rules of a healthy and environmentally sound lifestyle that is safe for humans and their environment;
- oriented in the world of professions, understanding the importance of professional activity for a person in the interests of sustainable development of society and nature.
- loving his land and his homeland, respecting his people, their culture and spiritual traditions;
- aware of and accepting the traditional values of the family, Russian civil society, the multinational Russian people, humanity, aware of their involvement in the fate of the Fatherland;
- creative and critically thinking, actively and purposefully cognizing the world, realizing the value of science, labor and creativity for a person and society,
motivated for education and self-education throughout his life;
- owning the basics of scientific methods of cognition of the world around, motivated for creativity and modern innovative activity;
- ready for educational cooperation, able to carry out educational and research, design and information activities;
- self-aware, socially active, respectful law and order, fulfilling its obligations to the family, society, state, humanity;
- respecting the opinions of other people, able to conduct a constructive dialogue, reach mutual understanding and successfully interact;
- consciously fulfilling and promoting the rules of a healthy and environmentally sound lifestyle that is safe for the person himself and other people;
- prepared for a conscious choice of profession, understanding the importance of professional activity for a person and society.
T REQUIREMENTS FOR DEVELOPMENT RESULTS BASIC EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM BASIC GENERAL EDUCATION
- personal , including the readiness and ability of students for self-development and personal self-determination, the formation of their motivation for learning and purposeful cognitive activity, systems of meaningful social and interpersonal relationships, value-semantic attitudes that reflect personal and civic positions in activity, social competences, legal awareness, the ability to set goals and build life plans, the ability to understand Russian identity in a multicultural society;
- metasubject , including interdisciplinary concepts mastered by students and universal learning activities(regulatory, cognitive, communicative), the ability to use them in educational, cognitive and social practice, independence of planning and implementation of educational activities and organization of educational cooperation with teachers and peers, building an individual educational trajectory;
- subject , including mastered by students in the course of studying subject skills specific to a given subject area, types of activities to obtain new knowledge within the framework of an academic subject, its transformation and application in educational, educational-design and social-project situations, the formation scientific type thinking, scientific ideas about key theories, types and types of relationships, ownership scientific terminology, key concepts, methods and techniques.
Modern school infrastructure
New standards
School
health
Modern teacher
inquisitive
To determine the nationally oriented component in the content of general secondary education, the scientific understanding of the pedagogical design of the personality is essential, which is becoming a noticeable phenomenon in educational activities at the present stage. In the assessment of V. M. Korotov, the problem of forecasting is initially pedagogical. At one time, K. D. Ushinsky gave her an interpretation in the work “Labor in its mental and educational meaning”, V. A. Sukhomlinsky paid great attention to the characterization of the personality of a citizen, worker, family man. V. M. Korotov developed a draft program for the formation of the personality of a Russian schoolchild, endowed with the most important social roles. In his theory, education is revealed as a system-oriented process of human science, the product of which is a person who is ready and able to perform complete system social roles: family man - honors mother and father, grandparents, takes care of them and other family members; participates in the management household, in an ever-increasing volume, serves itself; considers the family as one of the highest human values; consciously prepares himself to create his own family and raise his children in the spirit of the professional traditions and ideals of his people; keeps the memory of the ancestors, strives to be like them; student - knows how and loves to learn; is fluent in the native language; reads well and a lot; understands that he will have to study all his life and therefore masters the methods of self-education; treat their teachers with respect; tends to get the average and higher education; masters dialectical logic, culture of thinking; worker - sees in work his duty, the source of the well-being of the family and the prosperity of Russia; masters various professions, improves qualifications, hones skills; participates in technical creativity and agricultural experience; disciplined, a skilled organizer, knows how to work in a team, helps comrades, participates in family work, self-service, other school affairs and the improvement of the microdistrict; seeks to rationalize labor and improve technological culture; initiative and enterprising, constantly replenishes economic knowledge; masters the skills of working with a computer; citizen - patriot, internationalist, humanist, fighter for a prosperous democratic Russia; knows and observes the laws and rules of the hostel; actively participates in school self-government, in the socio-political life of the country; preserves nature, personal and public property; tolerant of dissent; knows the history of Russia well and native land; enhances its political and general culture; connoisseur and creator of beauty - knows folklore and achievements well artistic creativity; creates and completes personal library; develops a need for communication with the beautiful; masters the basics of world culture, is well versed in art; draws well; understands classical and modern music; visits theaters and museums, combines tourism with local history; an adherent of a healthy lifestyle - takes care of his own safety and the safety of those around him; habitually follows the rules traffic, safety precautions, and the use household appliances; consciously treats their health and the health of loved ones as the main wealth; tidy, observes the rules of personal hygiene; temperate in food; is engaged in hardening and physical exercises; builds up resistance bad habits able to provide first aid to the victim.
These parameters successfully connect the projected personality with the beginnings of ethnopedagogics, with Russian family traditions, with a patriarchal way of life, but, in our opinion, due to the high and voluminous level of requirements for a school graduate, the prospect of achieving this image is unlikely. The concept of the role purpose of a person is very promising, since it seeks to embody the ideal of shaping the personality of a citizen, a future worker, a representative of a dynastic family, a family man, a public figure, a successor to the best traditions of his people and Fatherland, a supporter of a healthy lifestyle, a connoisseur of beauty in the surrounding world. Many people follow this path modern schools who successfully implement the principles of ethnopedagogics and introduce nationally oriented courses into the content of general secondary education. A certain research experience, significant for the interpretation of this problem, has been accumulated by teachers of modern Russian schools in Gatchina, Ivanov, Kostroma, Moscow, Orel, Penza, Rostov, Tobolsk and other cities, teachers Vologda region. Educational space Vologda region has distinctive features associated with the natural environment, ethnicity, originality of ecological, historical and cultural development, folk traditions, dialogue with other regions of the country and the international community.
When designing the image of a graduate, determining the requirements for the level of development of the spiritual, moral, communicative, aesthetic, labor, physical aspects of the culture of the student's personality and the mechanism pedagogical impact we have taken as a basis the principle of conformity to nature, which takes into account the interdependence of the ongoing mental processes in the personality of the child, according to his age and the main types of pedagogical influence. In this regard, the theoretical ideas of a personality-oriented approach to the education of schoolchildren are considered. An interesting schematic picture of the holistically dominant approach to the program of raising a child by a group of authors is presented in the work "Raising Children at School" edited by N. E. Shchurkova. According to the authors, the goal of education is a person capable of building a life worthy of a person. In our opinion, similar approach to the solution of the main tasks in education is acceptable and effective. We believe that in order to become a person, a child must go from perception (at the initial stage of education) to the need for action (at the senior stage). Schematically, it might look like this:
The interdependence of the ongoing mental processes in the personality of the child, according to his age and the main mechanisms of pedagogical influence on him, is reflected in the following scheme:
The requirements for the level of development of the spiritual, moral, communicative, aesthetic, labor, physical aspects of the culture of the student's personality at each age level, according to his age characteristics, are reflected in the following tables:
|
Spiritual and moral |
Cognitive, knowledgeable |
Communicative |
aesthetic |
Labor |
Physical |
|
|
elementary School |
Possession of such qualities as love for mother, family, home, one's homeland; kindness, attention to others, honesty, responsiveness, respectful attitude to representatives of other nations and nationalities |
Knowledge, skills, corresponding to the psychological and physiological characteristics of a particular student and the requirements of educational standards; cognitive interest in the surrounding world, history and culture of their homeland |
The ability to listen and hear others, the ability to establish contacts with adults, understanding the value of friendship with peers; the ability to manage one's behavior and feelings, possession of basic etiquette skills; correlation of one's actions with ethnic, social and value norms |
The ability to see and understand the beauty of the surrounding world, the desire to protect. to protect nature. Introduction to the world of art of the region, knowledge of the work of native poets, writers, artists |
Willingness to participate in labor affairs class, to help relatives and strangers. Self-service, The presence of collectivist principles, the desire for mutual assistance |
The desire to improve one's health, the habit of exercising daily, observing the rules of personal hygiene. Knowledge of folk games and the ability to organize them |
|
Main school |
Conscious love for one's home, mother, family, loved ones, sensitivity, tact, respect for one's homeland Russia, Comprehension of concepts: honor. duty, purposefulness, responsibility, citizenship. Social activity. moral conviction |
Knowledge, abilities, skills that correspond to the personal needs of a particular student and the educational standard, including knowledge about Russia and the region, knowledge of a wide range of professional human activities, knowledge of one's psychophysical characteristics. The desire to expand horizons. Culture of thinking, including language |
The ability to critically comprehend one's actions, analyze relationships with peers and adults, the ability to compromise. Managing your behavior. Ability to maintain emotionally stable behavior in life situations |
The need to visit theaters, exhibitions, concerts, reading classical literature, the ability to penetrate inner world artwork to understand its spiritual essence. The desire to build your life according to the laws of harmony and beauty |
Ability to work in a team, participation in school affairs, improvement of the microdistrict. Careful attitude to school and other property, the ability to apply labor knowledge in practice, the manifestation of initiative, creativity in the performance of work. Formation of a sense of duty, responsibility. The ability to adequately self-assess one's abilities and capabilities |
Conscious need to improve one's health, adherence to the rules of a healthy lifestyle, attention to the health of others, knowledge of the basics of traditional medicine, desire to engage in various sports sections |
|
high school |
Conscious citizenship. A sense of pride in belonging to one's nation, for one's homeland. Human dignity. The need to do good. Humanistic attitude towards other peoples and humanity. Ability to reflect Predominance of spiritual and moral priorities over material ones |
Knowledge, skills, abilities. corresponding to the educational standard of the third stage school. personal requests and needs Developed intellect, culture of the mind. scientific understanding. creative thinking. Formation of motives and cognitive interests, the need to continue education, self-education |
Ability to perform a role in a team, adequate to the current situation. Ability to establish contacts, respect other tastes, customs. habits. High social adaptation |
The ability to build your life according to the laws of harmony and beauty. The need to bring beauty into educational, labor, leisure activities, in relations with people around. Mastering the basics of world culture, knowledge of the achievements of Russian artistic creativity |
Meaningful and conscious professional self-determination, readiness for labor activity and self-realization in society, the ability to constructive, scientific organization labor, criticality, optimism, mobility |
Willingness to lead a healthy, physically active lifestyle conscious attitude to one’s health, caring for the health of others, the ability to use Russian traditions of health in life. The desire to achieve personal sports results |
The most generalized images of graduates of primary and high school are formulated as follows: The image of an elementary school graduate - “A graduate of an elementary school has the best qualities of a Russian person, such as love for the Motherland, kindness, attention to people around him, honesty, responsiveness, diligence, respect for elders. Actively participates in the life of the class and school, knows how to organize his time, manages his behavior and feelings, takes care of strengthening his health. Shows a cognitive interest in the surrounding world of history, the culture of his homeland, has a coherent, free correct speech, knowledge, skills and abilities meet the requirements of educational standards. The image of a high school graduate is "Man, devoted to Russia, an active patriot, protecting and protecting his Motherland, its history and culture, who combined in his mind the idea of personal welfare with the welfare of the state.
Spiritually rich, creative, free person with best features Russian character, striving for physical and moral perfection. An educated person with a culture of mind, ready for self-education, self-determination and self-realization in adult life. The formation of personality is not the result of schooling and upbringing, it depends on the genetic prerequisites and the impact of preschool time, upbringing in the family, the “pressure” of others, the arbitrary and involuntary influence of the media, as well as self-education, stimulated by the appearance of a certain plan for the future in a person, a well-known ideal of life, to which the school should contribute in every way.
Thus, the graduate model is considered as a standard that combines the ideas of teachers, students and parents about the most significant qualities of a person, as the main criteria for tracking all experimental activities. Considering the model as a kind of educational standard, we turn to criteria that allow us to analyze and measure the quality of a graduate’s personality, establish the characteristics necessary and sufficient for “the phenomenon to function and develop according to certain type, that is, it was at the level of "qualitative certainty". With a variety of conditions that determine the content of general secondary education, the structure of the graduate model also finds expression in the nationally oriented component of the content of education. In the methodological aspect, the model of a school graduate is a set of conceptual provisions that fix the goals of modeling, a system of basic concepts. In proper pedagogical dimension the model characterizes the main stages and products of the process of standardization of general secondary education at the level of the subject of the Federation. Innovative in its essence and character, the model is built in accordance with the requirements for modeling in such a complex area public life what is education, in relation to the activities of the school.
